Abstract: A method and system for identifying a network path between a source node and a destination node are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes generating a proxy trace message at the source node, transmitting the proxy trace message over the network path towards the destination node, and receiving the proxy trace message at the source node. The proxy trace message follows a path taken by application messages transmitted by the source node and the received proxy trace message includes addresses of the destination node and proxies in the network path.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified ester-linked Gemini surfactant compounds of formula (I), where Y is either H or (Aa)x where (Aa) is a basic amino acid and x is 1 to 6, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the ester-linked Gemini surfactant compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotide into cells.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for supporting broadcast traffic in Mobile IP are disclosed. When a Mobile Node registers via a Foreign Agent supporting Mobile IP, the Foreign Agent receives a registration request from a Mobile Node and sends the registration request to a Home Agent. A registration reply received from the Home Agent has a network mask extension including a network mask associated with the home address of the Mobile Node. The Foreign Agent then sends the registration reply to the Mobile Node. Alternatively, the Mobile Node may register via a collocated care-of address, in which case the registration reply is received directly from the Home Agent. Once the Mobile Node has obtained its network mask, it may send packets such as broadcast packets, as well as roam to its Home Agent. Additionally, in accordance with various embodiments, the Foreign Agent duplicates broadcast packets for transmission to Mobile Nodes, rather than receiving the duplicated packets from the Home Agent.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed that enable a Home Agent to be dynamically assigned to a mobile node. A Mobility Agent supporting Mobile IP enables a mobile node to be registered with either the Mobility Agent or another “local” Home Agent, by receiving a registration request packet from the Mobile Node indicating that a key to be shared by the Mobile Node and an agent with which the Mobile Node is registering is requested. In addition, the agent with which the Mobile Node is registering (e.g., local Home Agent) may be assigned. For instance, a local Home Agent may be assigned if load balancing among multiple Home Agents is desired. A key to be shared by the Mobile Node and the agent with which the Mobile Node is registering is obtained. The key to be shared by the Mobile Node and the agent with which the Mobile Node is registering is then stored.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises logic encoded in one or more tangible media for enhancing transmission reliability of monitored data. The logic is operable to receive a plurality of segments for transmission over a TCP connection to a network node, where the TCP connection is associated with a transmit queue and a retransmit queue. The logic is also operable to detect a transmission anomaly on the TCP connection to the network node, and in response to detecting the transmission anomaly, is operable to perform any one of: store segments into a persistent buffer prior to transferring the segments into the transmit queue; copy segments from the retransmit queue into the persistent buffer, where the segments have been transmitted but not yet acknowledged by the network node; and copy segments from the transmit queue into the persistent buffer, where the segments have not yet been transmitted to the network node.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for supporting broadcast traffic in Mobile IP are disclosed. When a Mobile Node registers via a Foreign Agent supporting Mobile IP, the Foreign Agent receives a registration request from a Mobile Node and sends the registration request to a Home Agent. A registration reply received from the Home Agent has a network mask extension including a network mask associated with the home address of the Mobile Node. The Foreign Agent then sends the registration reply to the Mobile Node. Alternatively, the Mobile Node may register via a collocated care-of address, in which case the registration reply is received directly from the Home Agent. Once the Mobile Node has obtained its network mask, it may send packets such as broadcast packets, as well as roam to its Home Agent. Additionally, in accordance with various embodiments, the Foreign Agent duplicates broadcast packets for transmission to Mobile Nodes, rather than receiving the duplicated packets from the Home Agent.

Abstract: A method and implementation are disclosed for binding a mobile node to a subnet. The invention comprises steps and implementations for intercepting messages sent by a mobile node to a server, associating a predetermined subnet with the intercepted messages and forwarding the intercepted messages to the server. The invention intercepts reply messages sent by at least one server and selects reply messages that are associated with the predetermined subnet. The selected reply messages are forwarded to the mobile node, and reply messages that are not associated with the predetermined subnet are discarded.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified ester-linked Gemini surfactant compounds of formula (I), where Y is either H or (Aa)x where (Aa) is a basic amino acid and x is 1 to 6, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the ester-linked Gemini surfactant compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotide into cells.

Abstract: Network elements provide application-level QoS for application-layer messages processed therein. An application based message is examined upon IP reassembly thereof. Information is accessed about a sender of the message. A credential is assigned to the sender based on the sender information and/or a status validated for a device that sends said message. The message is dynamically prioritized in relation to other network traffic to provide application QoS based on the sender credential and/or the device status. The message priority is changeable on the fly according to the dynamically variable information. Sender information relates to a role or authority level associated therewith and is dynamically variable with respect to time, situation and/or circumstance. Thus, OSI Layer 5, 6, or 7 application message role/status based attributes determine how packets are marked with Layer 2, 3 or 4 QoS values, integrating application-level concepts of order and priority into network-layer QoS mechanisms.

Abstract: Computer-implementable methods consistent with the present teachings can be used in the design of selective- and multiple-reaction monitoring experiments for the identification of proteins and peptides of interest. By determining candidate parent-daughter ion transition pairs and scoring the pairs based on their ability to be detected experimental design time can be reduced and with a more focused list of transition pairs more experiments can be run successfully in a given period of time.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus comprises instructions to perform sending and receiving one or more messages conforming to a network routing protocol, such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF); obtaining one or more information elements that specify one or more capabilities of the apparatus; creating a particular routing protocol message comprising an opaque advertisement that includes the one or more information elements; and sending the particular message on one of the network interfaces. For example, a router or switch that implements a network routing protocol can use OSPF Opaque Link State Advertisements to advertise and discover services and capabilities of other routers or switches.

Abstract: An adaptive feedback technique is described for a Mobile IP environment in which Mobile IP mechanisms provide early feedback to mechanisms in the transport layer and/or application layer of a mobile node in response to detection of changes in link characteristics of the communication used by the mobile node to communicate with a data network. Using the early feedback information, appropriate measures may then be taken in order to accommodate the changes in link characteristics. Such appropriate measures may include, for example, providing feedback to media aware applications in order to allow such applications to dynamically adjust their bandwidth requirements to accommodate the new link characteristics, modifying timeout parameters, modifying an encoding formats to accommodate the new link characteristics, notifying participants in a real-time application session of the detected changes in the link characteristics, etc.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments support mobility internal and external to enterprise networks. Service providers provide mobility by providing Home Agent functionality corresponding to each Enterprise network. In this manner, mobility may be provided to Mobile Nodes both internal and external to their enterprise networks. Moreover, data packets may be transmitted by Mobile Nodes to Correspondent Nodes, whether they are within their enterprise network, the Service Provider network, or the Internet.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing a registration request from a Mobile Node that has roamed to a Foreign Agent supporting Mobile IP are disclosed. In a first one of a plurality of Home Agents supporting Mobile IP, a registration request addressed to a virtual Home Agent address associated with the plurality of Home Agents is received. The registration request is then sent to a second one of the plurality of Home Agents such that the second one of the plurality of Home Agents creates a binding between the Mobile Node and the Foreign Agent. The first one of the plurality of Home Agents creates a temporary binding between the Mobile Node and the Foreign Agent. A registration reply is then received from the second one of the plurality of Home Agents. The temporary binding is then updated to create a permanent binding when the registration reply is received from the second one of the plurality of Home Agents. The registration reply is then sent to the Foreign Agent identified in the temporary binding.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing optimizations for a mobile network device such as a Mobile Node or Mobile Router supporting multiple links to a Home Agent (or Correspondent Node in a Mobile IPv6 environment) are disclosed. During the registration process, link characteristics are transmitted in the registration request. From the link characteristics, it is possible to determine whether the mobile network device has roamed from a high to a low bandwidth link, or vice versa. A first set of optimizations may be performed when the mobile network device has roamed from a high to a low bandwidth link, while a second set of optimizations may be performed when the mobile network device has roamed from a low to a high bandwidth link. Some optimizations may be performed during the establishment of a TCP session, while others may be performed during or upon completion of the Mobile IP registration process.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus in a network receives packet flows that are communicated between a first network node and a second network node, and comprises a clock and latency analysis logic configured for receiving a first data segment that has been communicated from the first node and forwarding the first data segment to the second node; storing a first time value of the clock in association with a first timestamp value obtained from the first data segment; receiving a second data segment that has been communicated from the second node and forwarding the second data segment to the first node; retrieving the first time value based on the first timestamp value; determining a second time value of the clock; and determining a first latency value by computing a difference of the second time value and the first time value. Thus end-to-end packet latency is determined by passively observing timestamp values.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for compressing registration request and reply messages are disclosed. A compressed registration request is sent by a Mobile Node to a Foreign Agent or a Home Agent (in the case of a co-located care-of address). Communication with the Mobile Node is performed using compressed registration messages, while communication between a Foreign Agent and Home Agent is performed using standard registration request and reply formats. Thus, when a Foreign Agent receives a compressed registration request, it expands the registration request and sends it to the Home Agent for processing. Upon receipt of the registration reply from the Home Agent, the Foreign Agent compresses the registration reply and sends it to the Mobile Node. When a Mobile Node registers directly with the Home Agent via a co-located care-of address, the registration request and reply messages need not be expanded, since the Home Agent is capable of interpreting, processing and generating compressed registration messages.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for registering a mobile device such as a mobile node or mobile router with a Home Agent in an asymmetric link environment. A Foreign Agent associates each of one or more interfaces of the Foreign Agent with a different care-of address. An agent advertisement including the care-of address for the one or more interfaces of the Foreign Agent is then sent via one or more uplinks. A registration request is received via a downlink router. The registration request identifies a care-of address associated with one of the one or more interfaces of the Foreign Agent. One of the interfaces identified by the care-of address is ascertained, thereby identifying the interface to which the mobile device has roamed. The registration request is forwarded to the Home Agent. A registration reply is received from the Home Agent. The registration reply is then forwarded to the mobile device via the ascertained interface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for dynamically generating a set of Mobile IP keys are disclosed. The set of Mobile IP keys is dynamically generated using an existing HLR/AuC authentication infrastructure. This is accomplished, in part, by obtaining an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) that uniquely identifies a particular Mobile Node. Once a set of Mobile IP keys is generated from authentication information associated with the IMSI, the Mobile Node may register with its Home Agent using the set of Mobile IP keys.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for reducing latency in a Mobile IP environment. These embodiments are particularly applicable in a 3GPP2 architecture using Mobile IPv6. Each of the features disclosed may be implemented separately or in combination with one another, and include replay protection, duplicate address detection, and updating state information at a PDSN in a system implementing route optimization.