Abstract: Disclosed is a system including a memory device having a plurality of physical memory blocks and associated with a logical address space that comprises a plurality of zones, wherein each zone comprises a plurality of logical block addresses (LBAs), and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations of receiving a request to store data referenced by an LBA associated with a first zone of the plurality of zones, obtaining a version identifier of the first zone, obtaining erase values for a plurality of available physical memory blocks of the memory device, selecting, in view of the version identifier of the first zone and the erase values, a first physical memory block of the plurality of available physical memory blocks, mapping a next available LBA within the first zone to the first physical memory block, and storing the data in the first physical memory block.

Abstract: Host data is written to a set of pages of a page stripe of a storage area of a memory sub-system. A set of exclusive or (XOR) parity values corresponding to the host data written to a portion of the set of pages of the storage area is generated. An additional XOR parity value is generated by executing an XOR operation using the set of XOR parity values. Parity data including the set of XOR parity values and the additional XOR parity value is stored in a cache memory of the memory sub-system. The parity data is written to an available page stripe of the storage area.

Abstract: A codeword decoder interoperates with a neural network to provide the neural network with an uncorrectable erroneous codeword and to classify the uncorrectable erroneous codeword into a correctable erroneous codeword. The codeword decoder and neural network may be utilized in the error correction unit for a memory array.

Abstract: A codeword decoder interoperates with a neural network to provide the neural network with an uncorrectable erroneous codeword and to classify the uncorrectable erroneous codeword into a correctable erroneous codeword. The codeword decoder and neural network may be utilized in the error correction unit for a memory array.

Abstract: A connection device includes a body having a first and a second end, a first connector set at the first end, and a pin type connector set at the second end. The first connector set includes a first strip element and a second strip element, which form an electrical interface of the connection device. The pin type connector set includes a first element and a second element, and thus forms another electrical interface of the connection device, different from the electrical interface formed by the first connector set. The pin type connector may be projecting pins or hollows that receive pins. The first connector set is electrically connected to the pin type connector set. Thus, the connection device is adapted for electrically connecting a generator with an exciter having incompatible electrical interfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of expressing a foreign protein in the plastid of a host cell and secreting said protein into the cytoplasm of the host cell comprising the steps of making a construct of vector linked to a coding sequence of the fusion protein comprising of signal peptide sequence followed by in-frame fusion to a foreign gene; and stably integrating said construct into the plastid genome. The present invention also relates to a method of targeting the expressed and secreted proteins from the plastids to the nucleus of the host cell. The present invention further relates to the method where the host cell is of any higher plant or any organism including single cell algae.

Abstract: A connection device includes a body having a first and a second end, a first connector set at the first end, and a pin type connector set at the second end. The first connector set includes a first strip element and a second strip element, which form an electrical interface of the connection device. The pin type connector set includes a first element and a second element, and thus forms another electrical interface of the connection device, different from the electrical interface formed by the first connector set. The pin type connector may be projecting pins or hollows that receive pins. The first connector set is electrically connected to the pin type connector set. Thus, the connection device is adapted for electrically connecting a generator with an exciter having incompatible electrical interfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of expressing a foreign protein in the plastid of a host cell and secreting said protein into the cytoplasm of the host cell comprising the steps of making a construct of vector linked to a coding sequence of the fusion protein comprising of signal peptide sequence followed by in-frame fusion to a foreign gene; and stably integrating said construct into the plastid genome. The present invention also relates to a method of targeting the expressed and secreted proteins from the plastids to the nucleus of the host cell. The present invention further relates to the method where the host cell is of any higher plant or any organism including single cell algae.

Abstract: An invention is provided for wear leveling in a non-volatile memory system utilizing relative wear counters to indicate relative levels of wear for each memory block in a non-volatile memory system. Whenever a memory block is erased, the associated relative wear counter is incremented. Then, when any relative wear counter reaches a predetermined limit, the value of the lowest relative wear counter is subtracted from each relative wear counter. Thus, each relative wear counter indicates a relative wear level of the associated memory block relative to other memory blocks. In this manner, the relative wear levels are maintained while reducing the amount of memory needed to for each relative wear counter.

Abstract: A system and method for performing an upgrade in a communication network comprising network elements coupled together to form one or more circuits are disclosed. In one embodiment, the upgrade is generated at a node in communication with the circuits and the method generally comprises providing a list of circuits or spans available for the upgrade and receiving input from a user identifying at least one circuit to be upgraded or at least one span for the upgraded circuit and a type of upgrade to be performed. The method further comprises automatically performing the upgrade.

Abstract: An invention is provided for wear leveling in a non-volatile memory system utilizing relative wear counters to indicate relative levels of wear for each memory block in a non-volatile memory system. Whenever a memory block is erased, the associated relative wear counter is incremented. Then, when any relative wear counter reaches a predetermined limit, the value of the lowest relative wear counter is subtracted from each relative wear counter. Thus, each relative wear counter indicates a relative wear level of the associated memory block relative to other memory blocks. In this manner, the relative wear levels are maintained while reducing the amount of memory needed to for each relative wear counter.

Abstract: A system and method for performing an upgrade in a communication network comprising network elements coupled together to form one or more circuits are disclosed. In one embodiment, the upgrade is generated at a node in communication with the circuits and the method generally comprises providing a list of circuits or spans available for the upgrade and receiving input from a user identifying at least one circuit to be upgraded or at least one span for the upgraded circuit and a type of upgrade to be performed. The method further comprises automatically performing the upgrade.