Abstract: An operating method of a storage device is provided. The operating method comprises the following steps. First, a first data is read from a target address of a first storage unit. Then, an assisting unit checks whether the target address is corresponding to a second data stored in a second storage unit. If the target address is corresponding to the second data, the assisting unit updates the first data according to the second data to generate an updated data. Next, an Error Correction Code (ECC) performs a decoding process on the updated data to generate a decoded data.

Abstract: Technology is described that supports reduced program disturb of nonvolatile memory. A three/two dimensional NAND array includes a plurality of pages, which are divided into a plurality of page groups. Access is allowed to memory cells within a first page group of a plurality of page groups in an erase block of the three dimensional NAND array, while access is minimized to memory cells within a second page group of the plurality of page groups in the erase block of the three/two dimensional NAND array. Pages in the same page group are physically nonadjacent with each other in the three/two dimensional NAND array.

Abstract: Technology is described that supports reduced program disturb of nonvolatile memory. A three/two dimensional NAND array includes a plurality of pages, which are divided into a plurality of page groups. Access is allowed to memory cells within a first page group of a plurality of page groups in an erase block of the three dimensional NAND array, while access is minimized to memory cells within a second page group of the plurality of page groups in the erase block of the three/two dimensional NAND array. Pages in the same page group are physically nonadjacent with each other in the three/two dimensional NAND array.

Abstract: A method for managing block erase operations is provided for an array of memory cells including erasable blocks of memory cells in the array. The method comprises maintaining status data for a plurality of sub-blocks of the erasable blocks of the array. The status data indicate whether the sub-blocks are currently accessible and whether the sub-blocks are invalid. The method comprises, in response to a request to erase a selected sub-block of a particular erasable block, issuing an erase command to erase the particular block if the other sub-blocks of the particular erasable block are invalid, else updating the status data to indicate that the selected sub-block is invalid.

Abstract: A method is provided for managing a file system including data objects. The data objects, indirect pointers and source pointers are stored in containers that have addresses and include addressable units of a memory. The objects are mapped to addresses for corresponding containers. The indirect pointer in a particular container points to the address of a container in which the corresponding object is stored. The source pointer in the particular container points to the address of the container to which the object in the particular container is mapped. An object in a first container is moved to a second container. The source pointer in the first container is used to find a third container to which the object is mapped. The indirect pointer in the third container is updated to point to the second container. The source pointer in the second container is updated to point to the third container.

Abstract: A method for managing utilization of a memory including a physical address space comprises mapping logical addresses of data objects to locations within the physical address space, and defining a plurality of address segments in the space as an active window. The method comprises allowing writes of data objects having logical addresses mapped to locations within the plurality of address segments in the active window. The method comprises, upon detection of a request to write a data object having a logical address mapped to a location outside the active window, updating the mapping so that the logical address maps to a selected location within the active window, and then allowing the write to the selected location. The method comprises maintaining access data indicating utilization of the plurality of address segments in the active window, and adding and removing address segments from the active window in response to the access data.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for managing data in a block-based flash memory device which avoid the need to perform sector erase operations each time data stored in the flash memory device is updated. As a result, a large number of write operations can be performed before a sector erase operation is needed. In addition, the block-based flash memory can emulate both programming and erasing on a byte-by-byte basis, like that provided by an EEPROM.

Abstract: Multiple measurements are made with one memory sense operation having a first word line sensing voltage on a memory cell. The multiple measurements include a first measurement, of whether the memory cell stores either: (a) data corresponding to a first set of one or more threshold voltage ranges below the first word line sensing voltage of the one memory sense operation, or (b) data corresponding to a second set of one or more threshold voltage ranges above the first word line sensing voltage of the one memory sense operation. The multiple measurements include a second measurement, of error correction data of the memory cell indicating relative position within a particular threshold voltage range of a stored threshold voltage in the memory cell.

Abstract: A method for memory management is provided for a memory including a plurality of pages. The method comprises assigning in-use pages to in-use buckets according to use counts. The in-use buckets include a low in-use bucket for a lowest range of use counts, and a high in-use bucket for a highest range of use counts. The method comprises assigning free pages to free buckets according to use counts. The free buckets include a low free bucket for a lowest range of use counts, and a high free bucket for a highest range of use counts. The method maintains use counts for in-use pages. On a triggering event for a current in-use page, the method determines whether the use count of the current in-use page exceeds a hot swap threshold, and if so moves data in the current in-use page to a lead page in the low free bucket.

Abstract: An audio output apparatus including a digital operation unit, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a left channel unit, a right channel unit and a common unit is provided. During an initial setting, the digital operation unit detects a cross talk voltage on a left channel earphone unit in the left channel unit or a right channel earphone unit in the right channel unit, calculates a first ratio and a second ratio, and then performs an arithmetic operation on a left and a right channel signals according to the first and the second ratios, so as to obtain a compensated left channel signal and a compensated right channel signal respectively for eliminating a cross talk phenomenon.

Abstract: Provided is method for automatic audio gain modulation and a related apparatus. In order to prevent the unstable signals as continuously increasing or decreasing the gain when the signals hover around an upper threshold, it's featured that the method is to predict the signal intensity as pre-adding a predict gain in a hold time before outputting signals. By determining whether the prediction exceeds a predetermined threshold or not, the suitable and adjustable gains can be obtained without exceeding the predetermined threshold. In the automatic gain control mechanism, it's to decrease the gain gradually as automatically entering an attack time, or to increase the gain gradually as performing a conventional auto-gain control procedure including entering a release time. The claimed method can modulate the gain automatically by predicting the gain, and confine the signals under a threshold. In addition to avoid sawtooth phenomena, the method can stabilize the signals.

Abstract: Techniques utilizing an erase-once, program-many progressive indexing structure manage data in a flash memory device which avoids the need to perform sector erase operations each time data stored in the flash memory device is updated. As a result, a large number of write operations can be performed before a sector erase operation is needed. Consequently, block-based flash memory can be used for high-speed byte access.

Abstract: Techniques utilizing an erase-once, program-many progressive indexing structure manage data in a flash memory device which avoids the need to perform sector erase operations each time data stored in the flash memory device is updated. As a result, a large number of write operations can be performed before a sector erase operation is needed. Consequently, block-based flash memory can be used for high-speed byte access.

Abstract: Provided is method for automatic audio gain modulation and a related apparatus. In order to prevent the unstable signals as continuously increasing or decreasing the gain when the signals hover around an upper threshold, it's featured that the method is to predict the signal intensity as pre-adding a predict gain in a hold time before outputting signals. By determining whether the prediction exceeds a predetermined threshold or not, the suitable and adjustable gains can be obtained without exceeding the predetermined threshold. In the automatic gain control mechanism, it's to decrease the gain gradually as automatically entering an attack time, or to increase the gain gradually as performing a conventional auto-gain control procedure including entering a release time. The claimed method can modulate the gain automatically by predicting the gain, and confine the signals under a threshold. In addition to avoid sawtooth phenomena, the method can stabilize the signals.

Abstract: An audio output apparatus including a digital operation unit, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a left channel unit, a right channel unit and a common unit is provided. During an initial setting, the digital operation unit detects a cross talk voltage on a left channel earphone unit in the left channel unit or a right channel earphone unit in the right channel unit, calculates a first ratio and a second ratio, and then performs an arithmetic operation on a left and a right channel signals according to the first and the second ratios, so as to obtain a compensated left channel signal and a compensated right channel signal respectively for eliminating a cross talk phenomenon.

Abstract: A high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor (HVMOS) device and methods for forming the same are provided. The HVMOS device includes a substrate; a first high-voltage n-well (HVNW) region buried in the substrate; a p-type buried layer (PBL) horizontally adjoining the first HVNW region; a second HVNW region on the first HVNW region; a high-voltage p-well (HVPW) region over the PBL; an insulating region at a top surface of the second HVNW region; a gate dielectric extending from over the HVPW region to over the second HVNW region, wherein the gate dielectric has a portion over the insulating region; and a gate electrode on the gate dielectric.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for managing data in a block-based flash memory device which avoid the need to perform sector erase operations each time data stored in the flash memory device is updated. As a result, a large number of write operations can be performed before a sector erase operation is needed. In addition, the block-based flash memory can emulate both programming and erasing on a byte-by-byte basis, like that provided by an EEPROM.

Abstract: A method for managing a multimedia object played on a multimedia player, comprising: (A) using an electronic device to retrieve from the multimedia player for basic information related to a playing format of the multimedia player; (B): transforming a computer file into a playing file according to the basic information, wherein the playing file is in a playing format supported by the computer monitor; (C) transmitting the converted multimedia object to the multimedia player for playing or saving.

Abstract: An externally-connected audio apparatus and a method for processing the audio signals are described. This approach is primarily to improve the externally-connected audio quality by applying a memory sharing mechanism into an audio apparatus. Preferably, the audio apparatus has one end connected to a computer system through an interface control unit, and another end outputting or receiving external audio signals through an audio interface unit. A memory control unit is particularly introduced to be an arbiter for the built-in buffer memories—including the memory for storing the data transmitted through the interface control unit, and the memory for buffering the data to be analog-digital conversion. The memory control unit is to control the data buses of buffer memories and determine whether a sharing mode is activated or not. One of the objectives is to increase the capacity for buffering the audio signals so as to enhance the audio quality.

Abstract: A monitor capable of displaying certain event and method thereof are disclosed. The method comprises the following steps. First, the microprocessor of the monitor is used to receive the event code, and the microprocessor of the monitor is then used to determine whether the event code is stored in a storage unit in advance. The OSD function is enabled and the words corresponding to the event code is displayed on the monitor when the microprocessor of the monitor determines that the event code is stored in the storage unit in advance. Therefore, users can monitor the occurred events from different signal sources simultaneously while watching TV.