Abstract: A series of compounds of Formula I are disclosed which are useful in treating viral hepatitus C.

Abstract: A method of fabricating integrated circuits includes forming MOSFETs with gate electrodes of a first composition, and sidewall spacers along laterally opposed sides of those gate electrodes, removing the gate electrodes of the first composition, and replacing those gate electrodes with a gate electrode structure having at least two layers of metal. In a further aspect of the present invention, complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuits are fabricated by replacing n-channel transistor gate electrodes with gate electrodes having at least a first metal and a second metal, and further replacing the p-channel transistor gate electrodes with gate electrodes having a third metal and a fourth metal. The first and second metal combination includes, but is not limited to, TiN and Al. The third and fourth metal combination includes, but is not limited to, TaN and Ni; TaN and Pd; and TaN and Pt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel CD40:CD154 binding interrupter compounds and use of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, to treat conditions associated with inappropriate CD154 activation in a subject. Specifically, this invention provides compounds which are identified by screening a library of small molecules for those that are capable of specifically binding CD154 and interrupting CD40:CD154 interaction.

Abstract: A method is provided for processing a substrate including providing a processing gas comprising an organosilicon compound comprising a phenyl group to the processing chamber, and reacting the processing gas to deposit a low k silicon carbide barrier layer useful as a barrier layer in damascene or dual damascene applications with low k dielectric materials. A method is provided for depositing a silicon carbide cap layer that has substantially no phenyl groups attached to silicon atoms from a processing gas comprising an oxygen-free organosilicon compound on a low k silicon carbide barrier layer.

Abstract: A continuous Liquid-Solids Circulating Fluidized Bed (LSCFB) preferably for use as an ion exchanger consists of two fluidized bed columns, a fluidized bed adsorber (downer) operating in conventional fluidized bed mode for adsorption of ions of interest and a fluidized bed riser for desorption of ions (operating as a riser fluidized bed) to provide regenerated particles. Ion exchange particles circulate continuously between the riser and the downer i.e. the particles that have adsorbed ions in the absorber pass from the adsorber (downer) to the desorber where they are regenerated and the so regenerated particles are return to the adsorber near the top of the adsorber column. The LSCFB can be used in processes for continuous recovery of the ions of interest.

Abstract: An improved new process for fabricating multilevel interconnected vertical channels and horizontal channels or tunnels. The method has broad applications in semiconductors, for copper interconnects and inductors, as well as, in the field of bio-sensors for mini- or micro-columns in gas or liquid separation, gas/liquid chromatography, and in capillary separation techniques. In addition, special techniques are described to deposit by atomic layer deposition, ALD, a copper barrier layer and seed layer for electroless copper plating, filling trench and channel or tunnel openings in a type of damascene process, to form copper interconnects and inductors.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a furniture application with a framework having a cross frame structure, the cross frame structure including a horizontal support clement that is pivotally attached to one cross support element and is removably latched onto another cross support element.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a virtual ground array floating gate flash memory device with salicided buried bit lines. The bit lines are implanted and salicided after formation of memory cell stacks, but before formation of word lines. The salicide can form over control gates for the memory cells and can contact a third poly layer from which the word lines are patterned. According to another aspect of the invention, an interpoly dielectric coats the sides of the floating gates and significantly improves the capacitance between the floating gate and the memory cell channel. The present invention provides very compact and reliable non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A leadframe for a semiconductor package includes signal and ground leads, a ground plane, and a frame paddle. Supports connect the signal and ground leads, ground plane, and frame paddle in at least two different layers. At least one force release and stress relief structure is incorporated into the leadframe to free the ground plane substantially from distortion and warpage resulting from residual mechanical stresses therein.

Abstract: A peer-to-peer system includes a plurality of nodes functioning as a distributed, shared, file system. A node of the plurality of nodes is operable to randomly place an object within a logical space relative to a parent node hosting a parent object in the peer-to-peer system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to digitize three-dimensional objects. A projection assembly is retained in fixed relation to an imaging assembly. The projection assembly projects a fixed gradient light pattern into a focal zone of the imaging assembly. The imaging assembly integrates the illumination over time such that the fixed gradient reveals the features of the three dimensional object.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing benefits include providing a graphical user interface, such as a web browser, to a benefit recipient for accessing at least account information concerning at least one benefit type. The benefits processing system may receive a request from the benefit recipient through the graphical user interface for displaying the at least account information concerning the at least one benefit type. The benefits processing system may then display the at least account information through the graphical user interface concerning the at least one benefit type.

Abstract: A peer-to-peer system includes a plurality of nodes. The plurality of nodes includes at least an initial node and a neighboring node. The initial node is operable to determine whether to place an object at either the initial node or another node in the system based on a comparison of storage utilizations for the initial node and the neighboring node.

Abstract: A gas distribution showerhead is designed to allow deposition of uniformly thick films over a wide range of showerhead-to-wafer spacings. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the number, width, and/or depth of orifices inlet to the faceplate are reduced in order to increase flow resistance and thereby elevate pressure upstream of the faceplate. This elevated upstream gas flow pressure in turn reduces variation in the velocity of gas flowed through center portions of the showerhead relative to edge portions, thereby ensuring uniformity in thickness of film deposited on the edge or center portions of the wafer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a CMOS device with reduced processing costs as a result of a reduction in photolithographic masking procedures, has been developed. The method features formation of L shaped silicon oxide spacers on the sides of gate structures, with a vertical spacer component located on the sides of the gate structure, and with horizontal spacer components located on the surface of the semiconductor substrate with a thick horizontal spacer component located adjacent to the gate structures, while a thinner horizontal spacer component is located adjacent to the thicker horizontal spacer component.

Abstract: A peer-to-peer system is divided into a plurality of zones for placing an object. A parent zone having a parent node is identified. The parent zone is divided into the plurality of zones, i.e., subzones, and one of subzones is selected. A node in the subzone is selected for placing the object.

Abstract: A read sensor for use in a magnetic read head includes a magnetoresistive stack having a plurality of layers, and first and second shield regions positioned adjacent to the magnetoresistive stack. Each of the shield regions includes a first soft magnetic layer for shunting flux from an adjacent track to the shield region instead of the magnetoresistive stack.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel polyimides, poly(amic acids) and poly(amide esters) thereof, and optical alignment layers derived therefrom, for inducing alignment of liquid crystals and liquid crystal displays. The novel compositions comprise side-chain polymers of the general formula I —L1—D—L2—Cf wherein D comprises 1 to 4 carbon-carbon double bonds, Cf is a monovalent C4 to C20 fluorocarbon radical and L1 and L2 are linking groups. The invention further describes liquid crystal displays and other liquid crystal devices.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for removing a substance (X) from a solid metal or semi-metal compound (M1X) by electrolysis in a melt of M2Y, which comprises conducting the electrolysis under conditions such that reaction of X rather than M2 deposition occurs at a electrode surface, and that X dissolves in the electrolyte M2Y. The substance X is either removed from the surface (i.e., M1X) or by means of diffusion extracted from the case material. The temperature of the fused salt is chosen below the melting temperature of the metal M1. The potential is chosen below the decomposition potential of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A system and method for including export information in the file system extended attribute data area is provided. File export information is determined by a system administrator or automated process. The determined export information is stored in an extended attribute data area corresponding with the file. When a computer system issues mount commands for the file systems to be mounted, the file system provides export information included in the extended attributes to the kernel whereupon the kernel exports the file system. Maintenance of file export information is thereby reduced. Backup, replications, and restorations of file systems is simplified by maintaining the export information along with the files being backed, replicated, or restored. For example, when the system administrator backs up a file, the export information in the extended attributes is backed-up as well. When the file system is retrieved, the export information is also retrieved within the extended attributes.