Abstract: A method is proposed for producing three-dimensional structures, especially microlenses, in a substrate using an etching process, at least one original shape having a known original surface shape being present initially on the substrate in a plurality of places. The etching process has at least one first etching removal rate a1 and a second etching removal rate a2 which are material-dependent, and of which at least one is changeable as a function of time. The original shape is converted to a target shape by the etching process, the original surface shape of the original shape and the target surface shape of the target shape to be reached being known before the beginning of the etching process. In order to achieve the target surface shape, at least one of the etching rates a2 or a1 is set by a change of at least one etching parameter calculated before the beginning of the etching process as a function of the etching time.

Abstract: An optical sensor is provided for determining a physical and/or chemical parameter of a sample, having at least one optical transmitter and at least one optical receiver, and having a sensitive element which is arranged in a beam path between the transmitter and the receiver and is exposable to the sample, and which changes its absorption and/or its refractive index for electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength in response to a change in parameters of the sample, in particular, a gas-sensitive element, and possibly having an evaluation unit arranged downstream of the receiver. The transmitter and the receiver can be coupled to the sensitive element via at least one optical waveguide. Provision is made for the transmitter (12) and for the receiver (14) to be coupled to the sensitive element via at least one optical waveguide (26, 28).

Abstract: A multiaxial inertial sensor system, for example, a rotational rate and acceleration sensor system for driving dynamics regulation in motor vehicles, in which a plurality of sensor chips are assigned to respective sensor axes and are mounted on a plurality of rigid circuit substrates at a wafer level. The circuit substrates may be oriented according to a respective sensor axis and are electrically contacted to the substrate, and the circuit substrates are electrically and mechanically interconnected by flexible or rigid connecting structures.

Abstract: The casting chamber for a die casting machine includes a casting chamber jacket in which, over its entire length, there is provided an inner jacket defining the sliding surface for the pressure piston. In order for excessive heat in the inner jacket to be uniformly distributed and passed to the casting chamber jacket, copper rings are inserted in the inner jacket (3), the latter being pressed against the casting chamber jacket by means of screws threaded into a conical wedge. In this manner, heat distortion of the casting chamber can, for the first time, be held within limits, without requiring an oil or water cooling apparatus.

Abstract: A clamping chuck comprising a shank which has two sleeve-like shank sections (5, 6), one of the sleeve-like sections (6) on an end side thereof being coordinated to a clamping section (1) for clamping into a drive member, and the other of the sleeve-like sections (5) on its end side being coordinated to a toolholder (2) for mounting a tool, in particular a screwdriver bit (18). The two sleeve-like shank sections (5, 6), by a torsion section (3) formed by a torsion member (7) coordinated to cavities of the shank sections, being twistable with respect to one another about a stop-limited angular distance (a-b), wherein the torsion section (3) is arranged between two hexagon sections of the torsion member (7), by which hexagon sections the torsion member is fitted without play into hexagon profile sections in the cavities (10, 11) of the sleeve-like shank sections (5, 6), and the torsion member continues, as one material integral piece into the clamping section formed as an insertion section (1).

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of malononitrile which involves subjecting a (2-cyano-N-alkoxy)acetimidoyl halide to a high-temperature treatment.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of malononitrile, which involves subjecting an isonitrile, optionally in the presence of a nitrile, to a high-temperature treatment.

Abstract: A piston for forcing a liquid metal out of a casting cylinder of a die-casting press, having a mounting piece with an end surface and an outer peripheral surface; and a cap having an inner cover surface, an inner peripheral surface, and a free edge surface. The cap is mounted on the mounting piece so that the inner cover surface faces the end surface, and the inner peripheral surface has, proximate to said free edge surface, a plurality of notches formed therein. The outer peripheral surface has a plurality of bayonet-catch projections extending therefrom which are received in the plurality of notches.

Abstract: Thin, elongated material, such as ribbons, tapes, and the like, are passed through a treatment zone or chamber substantially in a frictionless manner to avoid distorting the elongated material. This purpose is achieved in that a plurality of direction changing stations in a treatment chamber simultaneously function as transport stations. The transport is accomplished by a flowing transport fluid which is applied to the elongated material through at least one, preferably several jet nozzles in the direction reversing stations. The fluid is applied in a direction substantially corresponding to the transport direction and passes around a guide surface where it forms a travelling cushion between the guide surface and the elongated material. The flow speed of the fluid corresponds at least to the transport speed or the inlet speed into the chamber.

Abstract: A plunger for forcing molten aluminum or brass out of a casting cylinder of a diecasting machine includes a cap which is screwed via an internal thread onto an external thread of a supporting body and is made of a material, in particular a copper alloy, which has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the cylinder, in particular steel, and the material of the supporting body, in particular steel. An inner cover face of the cap bears against a front face of the supporting body and, with its internal thread, is screwed thermally onto the external thread of the supporting body, and in addition, is preferably shrunk on thermally.