Abstract: A method for calculating zero-crossing reference sequences ({ti}) for the data detection of a sequence of zero crossings ({{circumflex over (t)}i}) of a received signal is disclosed. The data detection is determined in a receiver, wherein the received signal is based on a data symbol sequence ({dk}) angle-modulated at a transmitter and transmitted to the receiver. The zero-crossing reference sequences ({ti}) are calculated in accordance with an equation specifying an output of a finite state machine that describes, at least approximately, the signal generation in the transmitter.

Abstract: A method for calculating zero-crossing reference sequences ({ti}) for the data detection of a sequence of zero crossings ({{circumflex over (t)}i}) of a received signal is disclosed. The data detection is determined in a receiver, wherein the received signal is based on a data symbol sequence ({dk}) angle-modulated at a transmitter and transmitted to the receiver. The zero-crossing reference sequences ({ti}) are calculated in accordance with an equation specifying an output of a finite state machine that describes, at least approximately, the signal generation in the transmitter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a carbon layer on a substrate. A substrate with a structured surface is provided, the structured surface comprising a sidewall. A plasma is formed from an atmosphere comprising a gaseous hydrocarbon compound. The substrate is processed with the plasma, thereby depositing a carbon layer on the structured surface of the substrate. According to one aspect of the invention, the gaseous hydrocarbon compound comprises a ratio of less than 2:1 between hydrogen and carbon. According to another aspect of the invention, the atmosphere comprises a gaseous additive compound, the gaseous additive compound having an affinity for binding to hydrogen. Accordingly, the plasma comprises a reduced reactive hydrogen content, thus enabling an improved carbon deposition at the sidewall of the structured surface.

Abstract: A data transmission system has a base station and at least one mobile station. Data packets are interchanged between the base station and the mobile station using a time slot method. In this case, first measures are used for transmission of a first part of a data packet at a predetermined first symbol rate and at a first transmission frequency, and second measures are used for transmission of a second part of the data packet at a second symbol rate and at a second transmission frequency.

Abstract: In a method for estimating a frequency offset (fe, ?e) of a modulated bandpass signal (s) with an assumed carrier frequency (?0) in a mobile radio receiver, times (?j) of the zero cross-overs of the bandpass signal are determined in a first step. Using the times (?j) of the zero cross-overs and the assumed carrier frequency (?0), the required frequency offset (fe, ?e) is estimated in a further step by calculating the DC component of an instantaneous frequency which is given by the frequency of the bandpass signal less the assumed carrier frequency.

Abstract: In a method for estimating a frequency deviation between a received spread-spectrum code signal and a local frequency signal, the received spread-spectrum code signal is despread using a local spread-spectrum code. The despread signal is integrated over a particular integration period. From at least two successively obtained integration values, a phase change value characteristic of the phase change between the two integration values is calculated. From this, the frequency deviation is determined.

Abstract: The method is based on a signal interval (DB) which comprises a first part (ET) (which is modulated using a first modulation method (GFSK)) of the signal interval and a second part (which is modulated using a second modulation method (DMPSK)) of the signal interval. The channel parameters (c(i)) relating to the second part (which is modulated using the second modulation method) of the signal interval are determined using a received data signal (a(i); p(i)) from the first part (ET) of the signal interval (DB).

Abstract: A method for calculating zero-crossing reference sequences ({ti}) for the data detection of a sequence of zero crossings ({{circumflex over (t)}i}) of a received signal is disclosed. The data detection is determined in a receiver, wherein the received signal is based on a data symbol sequence ({dk}) angle-modulated at a transmitter and transmitted to the receiver. The zero-crossing reference sequences ({ti}) are calculated in accordance with an equation specifying an output of a finite state machine that describes, at least approximately, the signal generation in the transmitter.

Abstract: A receiver circuit of a cordless communication system has an analog signal processing section with a channel selection filter and a digital signal processing section which is connected downstream of the latter and has a group delay equalizer. The group delay equalizer is used to equalize the digital distortion caused by the channel selection filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a receiver in a position-finding system, having a calculation unit for calculating a statistical value from a received signal, and a detector unit for comparing the statistical value with a threshold value and for determining whether the signal is a synchronized position-finding signal. The system also includes an estimation unit for estimating the quotient of the signal-carrier power and the noise-power spectral density of the signal, and a determination unit for threshold-value determination from the estimated quotient.

Abstract: A receiver (1) of a position-finding system comprises a calculation unit (6, 7, 8) for calculation of a statistical value (A) on the basis of a received signal, and a detector unit (9) for comparison of the statistical value (A) with a threshold value (K) and for determining whether the received signal is a synchronized location signal, an estimation unit (10) for estimation of the Rice factor (K) of the radio link via which the received signal has been transmitted, and a determination unit for calculation of the threshold value (?) on the basis of the Rice factor (K).

Abstract: In order to improve the reliability and the accuracy of a position-finding method such as the GPS method, the quality of a radio link which is used for the position-finding method is determined by estimating a parameter, in particular the Rice factor of the amplitude distribution density, which is characteristic of the ratio of the strength of a signal transmitted via a line-of-sight path, with respect to the strength of the signals transmitted via non-line-of-sight paths.

Abstract: A detector for zero crossings determines the zero crossings in the received signal or in an intermediate frequency signal which is generated from the received signal. Since, in the case of frequency-modulated signals, the number of zero crossings per symbol interval is naturally not constant, the zero crossing sequence is mapped to a sequence {zi} of parameter values zi which are at equidistant time intervals by means of mathematical, non-linear mapping. Mean value formation of zero crossing intervals or determination of the number of zero crossings can be used for mapping. The sequence of parameter values zi at equidistant time intervals can be supplied to a conventional detection algorithm such as a Viterbi detection algorithm.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a receiver for a wire-free communication system for reception of a received signal which is modulated using a digital modulation method having a first frequency conversion device for production of a frequency-converted received signal by conversion of the received signal to an intermediate frequency. The receiver further includes a pre-filter for production of a filtered received signal from the frequency-converted received signal such that the received signal is band-limited, and an analogue/digital converter for production of a binary received signal from the filtered received signal by comparison of the filtered received signal with a level threshold.

Abstract: For the offset compensation of a digital signal, particularly of a communication signal transmitted in a cordless digital communication system, a recursive digital filter is used. The recursive digital filter has at least one filter coefficient that is varied in a time-dependent manner. The recursive digitial filter has a first multiplying device multiplying symbols of the digital input signal by a first time-variable filter coefficient to obtain a digital output signal having symbols.

Abstract: Apparatus for demodulation of a signal which is frequency-modulated with a data symbol sequence {dk}, having a zero crossing detector (1), a generator (2) for production of a sequence {zi}, with zi being calculated from zero crossings ti and ti+1, and having a unit (3) for reconstruction of the data symbol sequence {dk}, which is characterized by a minimum Euclidean distance between the sequence {zi} and an auxiliary sequence, with each sequence element in the auxiliary sequence being formed from convolution of the data symbol sequence {dk} with a sequence {hi,k} relating to the index k, and with the sequences {hi,k} being functions of the times ti.

Abstract: When data bursts are transmitted between a base station and a mobile receiver, a changeover is made between a plurality of modulation methods during an existing radio link for modulation of the data. For resynchronization of the receiver in the event of the changeover, synchronization information items are determined from a first part (ET) of the data burst modulated by a first modulation method, and are used for synchronization with a second part (ZT) of the data burst modulated by the second modulation method.

Abstract: In a method for avoiding transients during switching processes in integrated circuits, a module (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) of the integrated circuit (1) is switched from a first operating state to a second operating state, a load change occurring. In this case, it is ensured that the occurring quotient of load change and time duration for the transition from the first operating state to the second operating state does not exceed a limit value that is predetermined or can be predetermined in a targeted manner.

Abstract: The possible number of zero crossings in the interval [kTb,(k+1)Tb] is determined for each time (k+1)Tb based on hypothetical subsequences, on the basis of a model for frequency modulation, and a trellis diagram is constructed, based on the model. In a first selection step, those paths in the trellis diagram are then excluded whose number of zero crossings in the stated interval does not match the number of detected zero crossings in the received subsequence in this interval. In a second selection step, the path metrics of the paths which still exist are extended by the new branch metrics based on the Viterbi algorithm which is known per se. If two paths meet one another at a node point then only that path which has the lower path metric is continued.

Abstract: A detector (1) for zero crossings and a counter (2) which is connected to it are used to determine the time intervals between the zero crossings of the received signal or of an intermediate-frequency signal which is produced from the received signal, and for detection of the digital signal data. In this case, a sequence of determined zero crossing intervals can be stored in digital form in a shift register chain (3), and can be compared in a classification device (4) with previously stored interval sequences. Furthermore, a frequency offset can be determined by averaging the zero crossing intervals and can be compensated for by suitable selection or modification of the previously stored interval sequences, in which case the latter can also be used during the synchronization phase. The synchronization process may, furthermore, be assisted by payload data identification.