Abstract: An ultrasonic, flow measuring device having a plurality of measuring channels. At least one ultrasonic sensor is situated in a first region of a pipeline, or measuring tube; at least two ultrasonic sensors are situated in a second region of the pipeline (5), or measuring tube, in such a manner that the ultrasonic measuring signals travel through the pipeline, or measuring tube, in, or opposite to, a stream direction of the medium, on sound paths of different lengths. A transmitting stage simultaneously excites the ultrasonic sensor, or the ultrasonic sensors, of the first or second region for transmitting the ultrasonic measuring signals. Due to the different lengths of the sound paths, the receiving stage detects the ultrasonic measuring signals incoming to the ultrasonic sensors of the second or first region at separate times.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogs. In particular, this invention relates to the production of prostaglandins of the PGF2?-series, including latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost, which are active pharmaceutical ingredients used for the reduction of elevated intra-ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 14-O-[(N-(3-methyl-2-amino-butyryl-piperidinyl)sulfanyl) acetyl]mutilins of formula (I) feasible for large-scale production of high purity products, and wherein the carbon atom at the piperidine ring attached to the sulphur atom is either in the (S)-configuration or in the (R)-configuration, and a new crystalline form of 14-O-[(N-3-methyl-2-(R)-amino-butyryl-piperidine-3(S)-yl)sulfanyl)acetyl]mutilin-hydrochloride.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining and/or monitoring a process variable, wherein a time-limited, exciting signal, which is described by at least one desired quantity, or by a desired signal form, is applied to a first piezoelectric element, or to a first polarized zone of a piezoelectric element.

Abstract: Apparatus for ascertaining and/or monitoring volume- or mass-flow of a medium flowing through a pipeline in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pipeline. The apparatus includes at least one ultrasonic sensor containing at least one sound-producing element and an interfacing shoe and emitting, respectively receiving, ultrasonic measurement signals at an incidence/emergence angle into, respectively out of, the pipeline A first adjusting mechanism is provided, which is so embodied, that the incidence/emergence angle of the ultrasonic sensor is adjustable in predetermined limits. The apparatus further includes a control/evaluation unit, which ascertains the volume- or mass-flow of the medium in the pipeline on the basis of the travel-time difference method, the cross-correlation method or the Doppler method.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow measuring device for determining and/or monitoring volume- and/or mass-flow of a measured medium through a pipeline or measuring tube. The wall of the pipeline or measuring tube is provided, in the region of the defined sensor position of the ultrasonic sensor and/or in the region of the sound path of the ultrasonic measuring signals of the at least one ultrasonic sensor, with a deformation or deformations, which is/are embodied and/or arranged in such a manner that the flow velocity of the medium measured in the sound path, or, in the case of plural ultrasonic sensors, the measured and/or the combined flow velocities of the medium in the sound paths correspond/corresponds at least approximately to average flow velocity of the medium averaged over the area of the pipeline or measuring tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for ascertaining and/or monitoring volume- and/or mass-flow of a measured medium flowing in a flow direction through a measuring tube of predetermined inner diameter. The apparatus includes a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, which transmit and/or receive ultrasonic measuring signals along different, defined measuring paths, and a control/evaluation unit, which ascertains volume- and/or mass-flow of the measured medium in a pipeline/in the measuring tube on the basis of the ultrasonic measuring signals according to a sound entrainment method or the echo principle. At least two ultrasonic sensors, which transmit and/or receive the ultrasonic measuring signals on different measuring paths, are positioned in an opening located in the wall of the measuring tube.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording media is provided having an imbalanced magnetic moment multilayer cap. The perpendicular magnetic recording media comprises a granular layer, and a multilayer cap structure exchange coupled to the granular layer. The multilayer cap structure includes upper and lower magnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic layer, where the upper magnetic layer has a magnetic moment greater than the lower magnetic layer. When an external field is applied to the recording media, a larger moment torque is triggered at the surface, and more efficient switching is facilitated. The upper magnetic layer may have a higher magnetic moment than the lower magnetic layer if the upper magnetic layer comprises a larger magnetic moment material than the lower magnetic layer. The upper magnetic layer may also have a higher magnetic moment than the lower magnetic layer if the upper magnetic layer has a greater thickness than the lower magnetic layer.

Abstract: A device for determining and/or monitoring volume and/or mass flow rate of a medium that flows in a direction of flow through a pipeline/measuring tube of inner diameter. The device comprises at least two ultrasonic transducers that emit and/or receive ultrasonic measuring signals along defined sonic paths and a control/evaluation device which determines the volume flow rate and/or the mass flow rate of the medium to be measured inside said pipeline/measuring tube based on the ultrasonic measuring signals according to the travel-time difference principle. In order to provide a multichannel ultrasonic flowmeter, at least one reflector element is placed in the interior of the pipeline/measuring tube. The reflector element has a defined distance from the inner surface of the pipeline/measuring tube and is placed within the sonic path of the ultrasound measuring signals running through the pipeline/measuring tube.

Abstract: A clamp-on ultrasonic flow measuring device for determining volume and/or mass flow rate of a medium in a containment. The clamp-on ultrasonic measuring device is of low temperature sensitivity. To this end, the coupling element, through which the ultrasonic measuring signals are coupled into, and/or out of, the containment, has at least two element portions, which are embodied and/or arranged in such a manner that the predetermined in-coupling angle into the containment and/or the predetermined out-coupling angle out of the containment are/is approximately constant over an extended temperature range.

Abstract: An apparatus for securing a measuring sensor on a pipeline. The mounting-housing is positionable on the pipeline, with the mounting-housing being embodied, and coordinated with the measuring sensor, in such a manner that a force, which acts on the mounting-housing in the direction of the pipeline, acts at least partly on the on the measuring sensor in the direction of the pipeline; and that at least one screw unit is provided, via which an adjustable force can be exerted on the mounting-housing in the direction of the pipeline.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring volume- and/or mass-flow of a medium flowing through a pipeline in a stream direction. At least two ultrasonic sensors are included, which are secured in a defined measuring positional relationship on the outer wall of the pipeline and alternately emit and receive ultrasonic measuring signal. A control/evaluation unit, which determines volume- and/or mass-flow of the medium in the pipeline on the basis of the travel time difference of ultrasonic measuring signals in the stream direction and opposite to the stream direction is also provided. For assuring rapid mounting and demounting of the ultrasonic flow measuring device on a pipeline, the at least two ultrasonic sensors are secured on a pliers-like clamping unit, which is embodied in a manner such that the ultrasonic sensors are brought into a measuring positional relationship by simple clamping onto the pipeline.

Abstract: A device for determining and/or monitoring volume and/or mass flow rate of a medium that flows in a direction of flow through a pipeline/measuring tube of inner diameter. The device comprises at least two ultrasonic transducers that emit and/or receive ultrasonic measuring signals along defined sonic paths and a control/evaluation device which determines the volume flow rate and/or the mass flow rate of the medium to be measured inside said pipeline/measuring tube based on the ultrasonic measuring signals according to the travel-time difference principle. In order to provide a multichannel ultrasonic flowmeter, at least one reflector element is placed in the interior of the pipeline/measuring tube. The reflector element has a defined distance from the inner surface of the pipeline/measuring tube and is placed within the sonic path of the ultrasound measuring signals running through the pipeline/measuring tube.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium including improvements to the recording layer (RL), exchange break layer (EBL), soft underlayer (SUL), overcoat (OC), adhesion layer (AL) and the combination of the layers. Advances in the RL include a cap layer. Improvements in the EBL include a multiple layer EBL.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electomagnetic frictionally engaged clutch (1) provided with a rotor part (4) comprising a friction lining (2). An electrical coil (6) and a first permanent magnet (14) are arranged on the rotor part (4). Said clutch also comprises an armature disk (10) which is connected to a second shaft (9) and can be displaced in a rotationally fixed manner, but axially from a coupled end position to an uncoupled end position. The aim of the invention is to enahle the coil (6) of the clutch (1) to be current-free both in the coupled state and in the uncoupled state. To this end, means (15; 20) are provided for exerting an axial force opposing the magnetic force of the first permanent magnet (14) on the armature disk (10).

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring volume- and/or mass-flow of a medium flowing through a pipeline in a stream direction. At least two ultrasonic sensors are included, which are secured in a defined measuring positional relationship on the outer wall of the pipeline and alternately emit and receive ultrasonic measuring signal. A control/evaluation unit, which determines volume- and/or mass-flow of the medium in the pipeline on the basis of the travel time difference of ultrasonic measuring signals in the stream direction and opposite to the stream direction is also provided. For assuring rapid mounting and demounting of the ultrasonic flow measuring device on a pipeline, the at least two ultrasonic sensors are secured on a pliers-like clamping unit, which is embodied in a manner such that the ultrasonic sensors are brought into a measuring positional relationship by simple clamping onto the pipeline.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium has an “exchange-spring” type magnetic recording layer (RL) formed of two ferromagnetic layers with substantially similar anisotropy fields that are ferromagnetically exchange-coupled by a nonmagnetic or weakly ferromagnetic coupling layer. Because the write head produces a larger magnetic field and larger field gradient at the upper portion of the RL, while the field strength decreases further inside the RL, the upper ferromagnetic layer can have a high anisotropy field. The high field and field gradient near the top of the RL, where the upper ferromagnetic layer is located, reverses the magnetization of the upper ferromagnetic layer, which then assists in the magnetization reversal of the lower ferromagnetic layer. Because both ferromagnetic layers in this exchange-spring type RL have a high anisotropy field, the thermal stability of the medium is not compromised. The medium shows improved writability, i.e.

Abstract: An apparatus for the positioning of a clamp-on flow measuring device on a containment, which has a medium flowing through it. The apparatus includes at least two ultrasonic transducers, which emit measuring signals into the containment and/or receive measuring signals from the containment, a positioning unit for the variable positioning of the ultrasonic transducers on the containment, a control/evaluation unit, which calculates from predetermined process and/or system variables a characteristic, desired variable of the measuring signals and which determines on the basis of a comparison of the calculated, desired variable with the corresponding, measured, actual variable, whether the ultrasonic transducers are optimally positioned or whether the position of the ultrasonic transducers need to be changed, and an indicating unit, which indicates to operating personnel a required change of position and/or the direction in which a change of position needs to be made.

Abstract: apparatus for ascertaining and/or monitoring volume- or mass-flow of a medium flowing through a pipeline in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pipeline. The apparatus includes at least one ultrasonic sensor containing at least one sound-producing element and an interfacing shoe and emitting, respectively receiving, ultrasonic measurement signals at an incidence/emergence angle into, respectively out of, the pipeline A first adjusting mechanism is provided, which is so embodied, that the incidence/emergence angle of the ultrasonic sensor is adjustable in predetermined limits. The apparatus further includes a control/evaluation unit, which ascertains the volume- or mass-flow of the medium in the pipeline on the basis of the travel-time difference method, the cross-correlation method or the Doppler method.

Abstract: In the method, a tool is tested for an aligning fit or an imbalance in a tool spindle. The tool spindle is set into rotation. A light beam is used to check whether the tool wobbles. The tool spindle and the light beam are moved relative to one another until the light beam impinges on the area covered by the wobbling movement and a received signal generated from the light beam has an intermittent signal path for the first time. The then prevailing relative position between the tool spindle and the light beam is evaluated in respect of a non-aligning fit of the tool or in respect of a tool imbalance.