Abstract: A gripping arrangement for gripping casing is both sufficiently flexible to conform to said casing and substantially inelastic. In a preferred embodiment the gripping arrangement comprises a sheet of zircon paper bonded to a flexible metal carrier plate which has side flanges which fit into an arcuate recess in a jaw holder and bear against the ends of an arcuate pad of resilient elastomeric material. In use, radial forces are applied uniformly through the arcuate paid whilst circumferential forces are transmitted through the flexible metal carrier plate and the side flanges to the arcuate pad and thus to the jaw holder.

Abstract: A new power tong for rotating tubular members for make-up (connection) and break-out (disconnection) operations. In one aspect such a tong has at least one movable jaw with a smooth surface gripping element thereon and pre-load apparatus for applying a pre-load force to a movable jaw so that the jaw does not slip on a tubular to be rotated and so it does not mark or damage the tubular. In one aspect the pre-load apparatus includes a first pre-load device at one end of a movable jaw for breakout operations and a second pre-load device at another end of the jaw for make-up operations. In one aspect a power tong which has unique smooth surfaced jaw inserts made, e.g., of aluminum. In one aspect a single pivotable pre-load cylinder, fixed to rotary, pivots for pivotable connection to one jaw or the other. This can be done manually or a powered smaller piston/cylinder may be used to pivot the pre-load cylinder.