Abstract: The present invention provides a two-stage process for removing polyunsaturated hydrocarbons from C4 hydrocarbon streams that, in addition to C4 hydrocarbons, also contain C5 hydrocarbons and mercaptans and/or disulfides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for a process for removing mercaptans and optionally disulfides (if present) from hydrocarbon streams, in particular C4 streams, in the presence of higher dienes, in particular C5 dienes. At the same time, the invention also relates to a process for removing mercaptans and disulfides (if present) from hydrocarbon streams, in particular C4 streams, in one embodiment in the presence of 1-butene, by thioetherification of the mercaptans with polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, wherein the process is carried out in a reactor with addition of hydrogen in the presence of higher dienes, in particular C5 dienes.

Abstract: A measurement system for a construction machine, in particular a road construction machine including a temperature measuring device and an evaluation device. The temperature measuring device is configured to determine a first surface temperature for a first area of a measuring field as well as a second surface temperature for a second area of the measuring field, the temperature measuring device being directed to a reference surface, in relation to which the construction machine is moving, and the measuring field being shifted as a function of a movement of the construction machine along the reference surface. The evaluation device is configured to determine a movement parameter by means of a shift in a first temperature zone, defined for a first point in time by the first surface temperature within the first area, in relation to the first and/or second area(s) or in relation to the measuring field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for a process for removing mercaptans and optionally disulfides (if present) from hydrocarbon streams, in particular C4 streams, in the presence of higher dienes, in particular C5 dienes. At the same time, the invention also relates to a process for removing mercaptans and disulfides (if present) from hydrocarbon streams, in particular C4 streams, in one embodiment in the presence of 1-butene, by thioetherification of the mercaptans with polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, wherein the process is carried out in a reactor with addition of hydrogen in the presence of higher dienes, in particular C5 dienes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a two-stage process for removing polyunsaturated hydrocarbons from C4 hydrocarbon streams that, in addition to C4 hydrocarbons, also contain C5 hydrocarbons and mercaptans and/or disulfides.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to specify a process with which both C5 and C9 aldehydes can be produced economically. Here, the process should be able to to be supplied with the lowest possible dependence on raw material suppliers and also should be able to react flexibly to fluctuations in demand with respect to C5 and C9 aldehydes. The use of resources should also be optimized. The process proposed uses LPG or NGL as raw material. The process according to the invention essentially differs from known LPG-based processes in that the intermediate obtained, after dehydrogenation and removal of by-products, is divided into two portions. C9 aldehyde is produced from the first portion by oligomerization and hydroformylation while C5 aldehyde is obtained by hydroformylation of the second portion. This has the critical advantage that it is possible to divide the intermediate flexibly into the two portions so that either more C5 or more C9 aldehydes can be produced depending on the respective demand.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to specify a process with which both C5 and C9 aldehydes can be produced economically. Here, the process should be able to to be supplied with the lowest possible dependence on raw material suppliers and also should be able to react flexibly to fluctuations in demand with respect to C5 and C9 aldehydes. The use of resources should also be optimized. The process proposed uses LPG or NGL as raw material. The process according to the invention essentially differs from known LPG-based processes in that the intermediate obtained, after dehydrogenation and removal of by-products, is divided into two portions. C9 aldehyde is produced from the first portion by oligomerization and hydroformylation while C5 aldehyde is obtained by hydroformylation of the second portion. This has the critical advantage that it is possible to divide the intermediate flexibly into the two portions so that either more C5 or more C9 aldehydes can be produced depending on the respective demand.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing core sand and/or molding sand for casting purposes. A granular mineral mold base material is mixed with at least one inorganic binder and additionally an inorganic expanding additive. Water glass may be used as the binder and expandable graphite may be used as the expandable additive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing core sand and/or molding sand for casting purposes. A granular mineral mold base material is mixed with at least one inorganic binder and additionally an inorganic expanding additive. Water glass may be used as the binder and expandable graphite may be used as the expandable additive.

Abstract: An access method for accessing a protected communication service via a public communication network by using a secure communication network, whereby the secure communication network is based on user groups, including defining an access group having access to the communication service based on the user groups of the secure communication network, generating a group key for all members of the access group, providing the group key to a member of the access group via the secure communication network, and accessing the communication service via the public communication network using the group key, is provided. A communication system including a secure communication network based on user groups, a public communication network, a protected communication service, and an access server for managing access rights to the communication service, whereby the communication system implements the above method is further provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the thioetherification of mercaptanes with polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, carried out in a reactor with the addition of hydrogen, using a heterogenic catalyst and in the presence of 1-butene. The aim of the invention is to develop such a method to the extent that the creation of value from the C4 raw material stream is increased. Said aim is achieved in that the hydrogen is added to the reaction in such a manner that the molar ratio of hydrogen to polyunsaturated hydrocarbons is no more than one.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing core sand and/or molding sand for casting purposes. A granular mineral mold base material is mixed with at least one inorganic binder and additionally an inorganic expanding additive. According to the invention, water glass is used as the binder and expanded graphite is used as the expanding additive.

Abstract: A device and a method to determine a position of a component that is moveable in a linear manner along an assigned axis are provided. A reference element that extends in a direction of the assigned axis is assigned to the component. The component may be brought into mechanical contact with the reference element. A respective piezo transducer is arranged on the reference element to generate and receive vibrations in a material used for the reference element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the thioetherification of mercaptanes with polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, carried out in a reactor with the addition of hydrogen, using a heterogenic catalyst and in the presence of 1-butene. The aim of the invention is to develop such a method to the extent that the creation of value from the C4 raw material stream is increased. Said aim is achieved in that the hydrogen is added to the reaction in such a manner that the molar ratio of hydrogen to polyunsaturated hydrocarbons is no more than one.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an access method for accessing a protected communication service via a public communication network by means of a secure communication network, whereby the secure communication network is based on user groups, comprising the steps of defining an access group having access to the communication service based on the user groups of the secure communication network, generating a group key for all members of the access group, providing the group key to a member of the access group via the secure communication network, and accessing the communication service via the public communication network using the group key. The present invention further relates to a communication system comprising a secure communication network based on user groups, a public communication network, a protected communication service, and an access server for managing access rights to the communication service, whereby the communication system is adapted to execute the above method.

Abstract: A device and a method to determine a position of a component that is moveable in a linear manner along an assigned axis are provided. A reference element that extends in a direction of the assigned axis is assigned to the component. The component may be brought into mechanical contact with the reference element. A respective piezo transducer is arranged on the reference element to generate and receive vibrations in a material used for the reference element.

Abstract: An apparatus produces electric power from mechanical vibrations at a frequency f. The apparatus provides a piezo element, which is moved by the mechanical vibration, for producing an electric AC voltage, and also an impedance matching device for matching the impedance of the piezo element to an optional rectifier. The apparatus has an electrically connected capacitive energy store and an energy user, which is connected in electrical parallel with the energy store and to which an output voltage is applied. The piezo element has an inductive element electrically connected to it such that an electric parallel resonant circuit is formed by the inductive element and a capacitance. The electric parallel resonant circuit effectively increases an electric output power for the apparatus.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a piezoelectric component including at least one fully active piezoelectric element comprising electrode layers and piezoelectric layers arranged therebetween. The electrode layers are conveyed to a lateral edge of the piezoelectric element and contacted there. The external electrode is attached in a structured fashion for electrical contacting and/or a structured external electrode is made available: The external electrode essentially includes two components, namely the contacting field and the contacting path. In the event of several piezoelectric elements (piezoelectric actuator in multilayer structure) stacked one above the other, the contacting path functions as a collector electrode, which connects the contacting fields of the piezoelectric elements to one another. The insulation path exists for the electrical insulation of the contacting path from electrode layers which are not to be contacted.

Abstract: A piezoelectric component with at least one fully active piezoelement has electrode layers and interposed piezoelectric layers guided to a lateral edge of the piezoelement and contacted there. An insulating layer applied for electric contacting has an electric through-plating. An electrically conductive gas-phase deposition layer is applied directly to the electrode layer guided up to the lateral surface of the piezoelement by way of deposition from the gas phase in order to improve electric contacting. An external electrode is applied to the gas-phase deposition layer. In the case of several superposed stacked piezoelements (piezoactuator in multi-layer design), the external electrode functions as a collector electrode which connects the electrode layers to each other. The structure enables secure contacting of the electrode layers. A fully active piezoceramic multi-layer actuator with the described contacting may be used in automobile technology for activating fuel-injection valves.

Abstract: An apparatus couples mechanical energy in the form of wide-range mechanical vibrations to a piezo sensor, especially a multi-layer piezo sensor, for converting the mechanical energy into electric energy. The apparatus has a housing onto which the mechanical energy acts in the form of the vibrations, and a vibrating mass provided within the housing. The vibrating mass is clamped with at least two piezo sensor units in the housing. An apparatus thus adapts a piezo sensor energy converter for a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes of mechanical vibrations.