Abstract: A thin-film solar cell having a photovoltaic junction layer including semiconducting material of first and second types, a front electrode formed of a transparent conductive oxide resistant to an etchant in contact with the semiconducting material of the first type, and a back electrode in contact with the semiconducting material of the second type. A bypass diode is supported on the support layer with at least the junction layer and the back electrode of the bypass diode being formed through separation from a selected parent solar cell. The separated portions of the junction layer and the back electrode of the diode are spaced from the selected parent solar cell in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the parent cell. An conductor connects the semiconducting material of the second type of the diode with the semiconducting material of the first type of a chosen solar cell.

Abstract: A method for producing a thin-film solar cell with a cell level integrated bypass diode includes forming at least three series-connected solar cells, each cell being a laminated structure including semiconducting material of first and second types, a front electrode in contact with the material of the first type, and a back electrode in contact with the material of the second type. The bypass diode is formed by total separation from a selected parent cell. The material of the first type of the diode is connected to the material of the second type of any one chosen solar cell in the array. The material of the second type of the diode is connected with the material of the first type of the one chosen solar cell in the array so that the diode is connected in parallel and in opposition to the one chosen solar cell.

Abstract: An array of series-connected solar cells is formed on a support layer with at least a two cells being adjacent and a third solar cell being either adjacent or separated from the second solar cell. A portion of the photovoltaic junction layer is separated from the first solar cell. The semiconducting material of the first type of the separated portion is electrically connected with the semiconducting material of the second type of the second solar cell through physical contact between the front electrode of the first cell and the back electrode of the second cell. The material of the second type of the separated portion of the junction layer is connected with the semiconducting material of the first type of the third cell to define a bypass diode that is in parallel and in opposition to the second and the third solar cells.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and article of manufacture for providing supplemental video content for third party websites is disclosed. In one embodiment, coded instructions are transmitted from a content enhancement server to a host server, for incorporation into the webpage source code. The host server is controlled by a first entity and the content enhancement server is controlled by a second entity commercially distinct from the first entity. Keywords are obtained by executing of the coded instructions in the webpage received in the client computer from the host server to send the address of the requested webpage to the content enhancement server, which generates supplemental substantive video content information for transmission to the client.

Abstract: An array of at least three series-connected solar cells has a cell level integrated bypass diode formed by total separation from a selected parent cell. The material of the first type of the diode is connected to the material of the second type of any one chosen solar cell in the array. The material of the second type of the diode is connected with the material of the first type of the one chosen solar cell in the array so that the diode is connected in parallel and in opposition to the one chosen solar cell.

Abstract: A method for producing a thin-film solar cell with a cell level integrated bypass diode includes forming at least first, second and third series-connected cells on a support, each cell being a laminated structure comprising a junction layer including semiconducting material of a first and second type, a front electrode formed of a transparent conductive oxide resistant to an etchant disposed in electrical contact with the semiconducting material of the first type, and a back electrode in electrical contact with the semiconducting material of the second type. A portion of both the back electrode and the junction layer are separated from a selected parent solar cell. Using the separated portion of the back electrode the semiconducting material of the second type of the separated portion of the junction layer is connected to the semiconducting material of the first type of any one chosen solar cell in the array.

Abstract: An array of series-connected solar cells each having a front electrode formed of a transparent conductive oxide resistant to an etchant that defines a first interface with a semiconducting material of the first type and a back electrode that defines a second interface with a semiconducting material of the second type. A bypass diode formed through separation from a parent cell has first and second interfaces that are substantially coplanar with the respective first and second interfaces defined in a first solar cell. A conductor connects the semiconducting material of the second type of the diode with the semiconducting material of the first type of a third solar cell in the array so that the diode is electrically connected in parallel and in opposition to the second and the third solar cells in the array and all solar cells connected intermediate therebetween.

Abstract: A method for producing an array a thin-film solar cell with a cell level integrated bypass diode, the includes forming at least three series-connected solar cells; totally separating a bypass diode from a selected parent solar cell; connecting the semiconducting material of the first type of the photovoltaic junction layer of the bypass diode with the semiconducting material of the second type of any one chosen solar cell in the array; and connecting the semiconducting material of the second type of the photovoltaic junction layer of the bypass diode with the semiconducting material of the first type of any other chosen solar cell in the array so that the bypass diode is connected in parallel and in opposition to both the one chosen solar cell and the other chosen solar cell.

Abstract: This invention provides a dielectric composition comprising a dielectric which is fireable in air at a temperature in the range of about 450° C. to about 550° C. and a conductive oxide selected from the group consisting of antimony-doped tin oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, a transition metal oxide which has mixed valence states or will form mixed valence states after firing in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature in the range of about 450° C. to about 550° C. and normally conducting precious metal oxides such as ruthenium dioxide, wherein the amount of conductive oxide present is from about 0.25 wt % to about 25 wt % of the total weight of dielectric and conductive oxide. This dielectric composition has reduced electrical resistance and is useful in electron field emission devices to eliminate charging of the dielectric in the vicinity of the electron emitter and the effect of static charge induced field emission.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and article of manufacture for providing supplemental video content for third party websites is disclosed. In one embodiment, coded instructions are transmitted from a content enhancement server to a host server, for incorporation into the webpage source code. The host server is controlled by a first entity and the content enhancement server is controlled by a second entity commercially distinct from the first entity. Keywords are obtained by executing of the coded instructions in the webpage received in the client computer from the host server to send the address of the requested webpage to the content enhancement server, which generates supplemental substantive video content information for transmission to the client.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the fabrication of electrical and electronic devices using a photoresist deposited in pre-existing through holes in a device structure and a thick film paste, and to the devices made by such method. The method allows thick film paste deposits in the corners of the holes. This invention also relates to devices made with thick film pastes that are patterned using a diffusion layer made from residual photoresist deposits in a hole.

Abstract: A field emission cathode assembly that has a UV-blocking, insulating dielectric layer (3.4).

Abstract: This invention relates to the electrochemical deposition of carbon nanotubes (“CNTs”) on a substrate using an electrochemical cell. A dispersion of a complex of CNTs and an anionic polymer is neutralized and thereby caused to deposit on the anode plate of the cell.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and article of manufacture for providing supplemental video content for third party websites is disclosed. In one embodiment, coded instructions are transmitted from a content enhancement server to a host server, for incorporation into the webpage source code. The host server is controlled by a first entity and the content enhancement server is controlled by a second entity commercially distinct from the first entity. Keywords are generated by execution of the coded instructions in the webpage received in the client computer from the host server, and the keywords are sent to a content enhancement server, which generates supplemental substantive video content information for transmission to the client.

Abstract: Apparatus, including an ultrasonic liquid level gauge and control system, includes a gauge configured to be coupled on the outside of a device, having a boiler or hot water tank, having liquid contained therein. The gauge is also configured to receive and contain a small part of the liquid of the device; and an ultrasonic transducing and signal processing arrangement configured to: reflect an ultrasonic pulse off a liquid surface of the small part of the liquid of the device contained in the gauge, and determine the level of liquid in the device based at least partly on a time of flight analysis related to the ultrasonic pulse reflected off the liquid surface of the small part of the liquid of the device contained in the gauge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical etching composition and to methods to produce a photovoltaic cell with transparent regions. The methods comprise a step to locally dispense an etching composition on the photovoltaic cell in a pattern, or adjacent to the edge thereof; an optional step to apply heat to the cell; and a step to remove the etching composition. The methods are further characterized by the chemical removal of one or more chemically distinctive layers of the photovoltaic cell where the etching composition is applied. The methods may be used to produce a thin film photovoltaic panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides, e.g., apparatus comprising at least one processor; at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and computer program code being configured, with at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to: respond to signaling containing information about an instant pressure and a flow rate of fluid being pumped in a pumping system, and obtain an adaptive control curve based at least partly on the instant pressure and flow rate using an adaptive moving average filter. The adaptive moving average filter may be based at least partly on a system flow equation: SAMAt=AMAF(Qt/?{square root over (?Pt)}), where the function AMAF is an adaptive moving average filter (AMAF), and the parameters Q and ?P are a system flow rate and differential pressure respectively.

Abstract: A socket assembly comprises an insulating housing receiving a plurality of contacts, a pick up cap assembled on the insulating housing and a loading plate covering the insulating housing and the pick up cap. The pick up cap is pivotally assembled to one of the sidewalls of the insulative housing at an end thereof and has an operating portion at an opposite end thereof. The loading plate is provided with a latching piece to latch with the operating portion of the pick up cap, so that the loading plate can bring the pick up cap to open.

Abstract: A socket comprises an insulating housing receiving a plurality of contacts, and a pick-up cap engaging with the insulating housing. The pick-up cap has a planar main body covering the insulating housing. The main body is formed with two pivots on a side thereof. The insulating housing is formed with a plurality of sidewalls, one of the sidewall is provided with a pair of mounting seats on an outside thereof, each mounting seat defines a mounting hole with a gap, and the pivots of the pick-up cap enter into the mounting holes via the gaps to pivotally assemble the pick-up cap to the mounting seats.

Abstract: A web page generator dynamically and implicitly generates localized web content. A web developer can mark the content of a page (including controls and literal content) with resource keys, and can dynamically process this request by dynamically substituting the marked content with localized content. Multiple properties of the controls within a page may be localized.