Abstract: Systems are provided for detecting the flow of blood in vasculature by illuminating the blood with a source of coherent illumination and detecting one or more time-varying properties of a light speckle pattern that results from the scattering of the coherent illumination by tissue and blood. The movement of blood cells and other light-scattering elements in the blood causes transient, short-duration changes in the speckle pattern. High-frequency sampling or other high-bandwidth processing of a detected intensity at one or more points in the speckle pattern could be used to determine the flow of blood in the vasculature. Such flow-measuring systems are also presented as wearable devices that can be operated to detect the flow in vasculature of a wearer. Systems and methods provided herein can additionally be applied to measure flow in other scattering fluid media, for example in a scattering industrial, medical, pharmaceutical, or environmental fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that relate to an optical system including an image sensor optically-coupled to at least one nanophotonic element. The image sensor may include a plurality of superpixels. Each respective superpixel of the plurality of superpixels may include at least a respective first pixel and a respective second pixel. The at least one nanophotonic element may have an optical phase transfer function and may include a two-dimensional arrangement of sub-wavelength regions of a first material interspersed within a second material, the first material having a first index of refraction and the second material having a second index of refraction. The nanophotonic element is configured to direct light toward individual superpixels in the plurality of superpixels, and to direct light toward the first or second pixel in each individual superpixel based on a wavelength dependence or a polarization dependence of the optical phase transfer function.

Abstract: A disposable system, in some embodiments, includes a multi-channel or multi-chamber test cartridge device configured to operate with a testing system for evaluation of hemostasis in a subject by in vitro evaluation of a test sample from the subject. The disposable system, in some embodiments, is configured to interrogate the test sample to evaluate clot stiffness, strength, or other mechanical properties of the test sample to assess the function of various physiological processes occur during coagulation and/or dissolution of the resulting clot.

Abstract: A system is provided which includes nanoparticle conjugates configured to bind with a tumor cell, the nanoparticle conjugate comprising a nanoparticle, at least one targeting entity bound to the nanoparticle, and at least one shielding entity that shields at the at least one targeting entity, the nanoparticle, or both; a body-mountable device mounted on an external surface of a living body and configured to detect a tumor cell binding response signal transmitted through the external surface, wherein the tumor cell binding response signal is related to binding of the nanoparticle conjugates with one or more tumor cells; and a processor configured to non-invasively detect the one or more tumor cells based on the tumor cell response signal. Nanoparticle conjugates and methods for use for treating or imaging tumor cells are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting the flow of blood or other fluids in biological tissue by illuminating the biological tissue with two or more beams of coherent light and detecting responsively emitted light. A difference in wavelength, coherence length, beam divergence, or some other property of the beams of illumination causes the beams to preferentially scatter from, be absorbed by, or otherwise interact with respective elements of the biological tissue. Flow properties in one or more regions of the biological tissue (e.g., a region with which both beams of light preferentially interact, a region with which only one of the beams preferentially interacts) could be determined based on detected responsively emitted light from the biological tissue. Variations in speckle patterns over time and/or space, Doppler shifts, or some other properties of the detected light could be used to determine the flow properties.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that relate to an optical system including an image sensor optically-coupled to at least one nanophotonic element. The image sensor may include a plurality of superpixels. Each respective superpixel of the plurality of superpixels may include at least a respective first pixel and a respective second pixel. The at least one nanophotonic element may have an optical phase transfer function and may include a two-dimensional arrangement of sub-wavelength regions of a first material interspersed within a second material, the first material having a first index of refraction and the second material having a second index of refraction. The nanophotonic element is configured to direct light toward individual superpixels in the plurality of superpixels, and to direct light toward the first or second pixel in each individual superpixel based on a wavelength dependence or a polarization dependence of the optical phase transfer function.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting the depth, flow rate, and other properties of regions of blood flow in biological tissue by illuminating the biological tissue with beams of coherent light and detecting responsively emitted light. This includes detecting lights emitted from the tissue having a plurality of respective different exposure times. The relationship between the intensity of the received light and the exposure times is determined and used to determine the depth, flow velocity, or other properties of regions of flow within the biological tissue. This can include determining a spatial and/or temporal contrast of the received light intensity. Determining the depth of a region of flow can include comparing determined properties of light received from the tissue at two different polarizations. Determining the depth of a region of flow can include comparing determined properties of light received from the tissue at two different locations.

Abstract: A system is provided which includes nanoparticle conjugates configured to bind with a tumor cell, the nanoparticle conjugate comprising a nanoparticle, at least one targeting entity bound to the nanoparticle, and at least one shielding entity that shields at the at least one targeting entity, the nanoparticle, or both; a body-mountable device mounted on an external surface of a living body and configured to detect a tumor cell binding response signal transmitted through the external surface, wherein the tumor cell binding response signal is related to binding of the nanoparticle conjugates with one or more tumor cells; and a processor configured to non-invasively detect the one or more tumor cells based on the tumor cell response signal. Nanoparticle conjugates and methods for use for treating or imaging tumor cells are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting the flow of blood or other fluids in biological tissue by illuminating the biological tissue with two or more beams of coherent light and detecting responsively emitted light. A difference in wavelength, coherence length, beam divergence, or some other property of the beams of illumination causes the beams to preferentially scatter from, be absorbed by, or otherwise interact with respective elements of the biological tissue. Flow properties in one or more regions of the biological tissue (e.g., a region with which both beams of light preferentially interact, a region with which only one of the beams preferentially interacts) could be determined based on detected responsively emitted light from the biological tissue. Variations in speckle patterns over time and/or space, Doppler shifts, or some other properties of the detected light could be used to determine the flow properties.

Abstract: Systems are provided for detecting the flow of blood or other fluids in biological tissue by illuminating the biological tissue with a coherent light source and detecting time-varying patterns of constructive and destructive interference in light received from portions of the biological tissue by an imager. The movement of blood cells and other light-scattering elements in the biological tissue causes transient, short-duration changes in light emitted from portions of the biological tissue proximate to the moving blood cells or other scatterers. High-frequency sampling or other high-bandwidth processing of light intensities detected by an imager could be used to determine the flow of blood or other fluids at a plurality of points in the biological tissue, to detect and/or localize a tumor in the biological tissue, to determine the location, pattern, width, or other properties of vasculature in the biological tissue, or to provide information for some other application(s).

Abstract: A device for estimating a mechanical property of a sample is disclosed herein. The device may include a chamber configured to hold the sample; a transmitter configured to transmit a plurality of waveforms, including at least one forcing waveform; and a transducer assembly operatively connected to the transmitter and configured to transform the transmit waveforms into ultrasound waveforms. The transducer assembly can also transmit and receive ultrasound waveforms into and out of the chamber, as well as transform at least two received ultrasound waveforms into received electrical waveforms.

Abstract: Systems are provided for detecting the flow of blood or other fluids in biological tissue by illuminating the biological tissue with a coherent light source and detecting time-varying patterns of constructive and destructive interference in light received from portions of the biological tissue by an imager. The movement of blood cells and other light-scattering elements in the biological tissue causes transient, short-duration changes in light emitted from portions of the biological tissue proximate to the moving blood cells or other scatterers. High-frequency sampling or other high-bandwidth processing of light intensities detected by an imager could be used to determine the flow of blood or other fluids at a plurality of points in the biological tissue, to detect and/or localize a tumor in the biological tissue, to determine the location, pattern, width, or other properties of vasculature in the biological tissue, or to provide information for some other application(s).

Abstract: A device for estimating a mechanical property of a sample is disclosed herein. The device may include a chamber configured to hold the sample; a transmitter configured to transmit a plurality of waveforms, including at least one forcing waveform; and a transducer assembly operatively connected to the transmitter and configured to transform the transmit waveforms into ultrasound waveforms. The transducer assembly can also transmit and receive ultrasound waveforms into and out of the chamber, as well as transform at least two received ultrasound waveforms into received electrical waveforms.

Abstract: An engineered particle for detecting analytes in an environment includes an electromagnetic receiver that is configured to preferentially receive electromagnetic radiation of a specified polarization relative to the orientation of the electromagnetic receiver. The engineered particle additionally includes an energy emitter coupled to the electromagnetic receiver such that a portion of electromagnetic energy received by the electromagnetic receiver is transferred to and emitted by the energy emitter. The engineered particles are functionalized to selectively interact with an analyte. The engineered particle can additionally be configured to align with a directed energy field in the environment. The selective reception of electromagnetic radiation of a specified polarization and/or alignment with a directed energy field can enable orientation tracking of individual engineered particles, imaging in high-noise environments, or other applications.

Abstract: Wearable devices are described herein including at least two photodetectors and a mount configured to mount the at least two photodetectors to an external surface of a wearer. The at least two photodetectors are configured to detect alignment between the wearable device and a target on or in the body of the wearer (e.g., to detect the location of vasculature within the body of the wearer relative to the at least two photodetectors). Alignment of the at least two photodetectors relative to the target could enable detection of one or more physiological properties of the wearer. For example, the wearable device could include a sensor configured to detect a property of the target when the sensor is above the target, and alignment of the target relative to the at least two photodetectors could include the sensor being located above the target.

Abstract: A system for collecting data for assessment of cardiovascular function includes a plurality of monitoring devices coupled to different respective body parts. Each monitoring device is configured to measure a respective signal at the respective body part in response to cardiovascular activity. The respective signal includes a cardiovascular component attributable to the cardiovascular activity and an artifact component not attributable to the cardiovascular activity. When the monitoring devices measure the respective signals simultaneously over a same time period, the cardiovascular components are correlated, and the artifact components are not correlated.

Abstract: Disclosed methods and systems may be operable to obtain non-contact diagnostic information about movements of scattering objects such as fluids in subsurface vasculature in tissue. As an example, a method may include causing a light source to illuminate the tissue with at least a first portion of the emitted light and illuminate an optical modulator with at least a second portion of the emitted light. The second portion of the emitted light may be modulated by the optical modulator. An offset source is configured to provide an offset frequency signal. An image sensor may receive optical information from the sample. A heterodyne signal based on the reference frequency signal and the offset frequency signal may be used as a gain input of each detector element of the image sensor. Based on the received information, a movement of a portion of the sample may be determined.

Abstract: An engineered particle for detecting analytes in an environment includes an electromagnetic receiver that is configured to preferentially receive electromagnetic radiation of a specified polarization relative to the orientation of the electromagnetic receiver. The engineered particle additionally includes an energy emitter coupled to the electromagnetic receiver such that a portion of electromagnetic energy received by the electromagnetic receiver is transferred to and emitted by the energy emitter. The engineered particles are functionalized to selectively interact with an analyte. The engineered particle can additionally be configured to align with a directed energy field in the environment. The selective reception of electromagnetic radiation of a specified polarization and/or alignment with a directed energy field can enable orientation tracking of individual engineered particles, imaging in high-noise environments, or other applications.

Abstract: Wearable devices are described herein including at least two photodetectors and a mount configured to mount the at least two photodetectors to an external surface of a wearer. The at least two photodetectors are configured to detect alignment between the wearable device and a target on or in the body of the wearer (e.g., to detect the location of vasculature within the body of the wearer relative to the at least two photodetectors). Alignment of the at least two photodetectors relative to the target could enable detection of one or more physiological properties of the wearer. For example, the wearable device could include a sensor configured to detect a property of the target when the sensor is above the target, and alignment of the target relative to the at least two photodetectors could include the sensor being located above the target.