Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to coated substrates having, e.g., anti-viral properties, to articles including the coated substrates, and to processes for making such coated substrates and articles. In an embodiment, a coated substrate is provided. The coated substrate includes a substrate having a weight of about 120 g/m2 or less according to ASTM D3776, mineral oxide particles, iron oxide particles, or both, coupled to at least a portion of the substrate wherein the coated substrate has a breathing resistance (95 L/min, EN 149:2001) of about 6 mbar or less.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to processes for forming functionalized membranes. In an embodiment, a process for forming a functionalized porous membrane is provided. The process includes introducing a porous membrane with an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic agent in a reaction zone, and operating the reaction zone under conditions to form the functionalized porous membrane, the conditions comprising heating the reaction zone to a temperature of about 95° C. or less.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods for treating porous membranes. In an embodiment, a method of treating a porous membrane is provided. The method includes flushing the membrane with a first fluid comprising a hydroxide ion and hypochlorite ion, flushing the membrane with water, flushing the membrane with a second fluid comprising an organic peroxide, organic peroxide ion, or both, and flushing the membrane with water.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to coated substrates having, e.g., anti-viral properties, to articles including the coated substrates, and to processes for making such coated substrates and articles. In an embodiment, a mask for preventing infection by a virus is provided. The mask includes a coated substrate having a breathing resistance (95 L/min, EN 149:2001) of about 6 mbar or less and a water droplet absorption time of less than about 5 seconds. The coated substrate includes a non-woven fabric having a weight of about 120 g/m2 or less according to ASTM D3776, and mineral oxide particles, iron oxide particles, or both, coupled to at least a portion of the non-woven fabric.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to processes for converting disulfides to conversion products and to processes for producing cysteic acid. In an embodiment, a process for converting cystine to a conversion product is provided. The process include introducing an organic peroxide and water to cystine to form a mixture. The process further includes reacting the mixture, under conversion conditions, to form the conversion product, wherein the conversion product comprises cysteic acid, an amount of cysteic acid in the conversion product is greater than about 90 wt % based on a total weight of the conversion product, and the conversion conditions comprise a conversion temperature from about 15° C. to about 50° C. The process further includes heating the conversion product to remove the organic peroxide.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to processes for converting disulfides to conversion products and to processes for producing cysteic acid. In an embodiment, a process for converting cystine to a conversion product is provided. The process include introducing an organic peroxide and water to cystine to form a mixture. The process further includes reacting the mixture, under conversion conditions, to form the conversion product, wherein the conversion product comprises cysteic acid, an amount of cysteic acid in the conversion product is greater than about 90 wt % based on a total weight of the conversion product, and the conversion conditions comprise a conversion temperature from about 15° C. to about 50° C. The process further includes heating the conversion product to remove the organic peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in various embodiments, compositions and methods for strengthening glass without heat or chemical processing of the glass itself. The compositions of the present invention are emulsions comprising polymer colloid particles that are functionalized with an organosilicon compound. The polymer colloid particles can fill surface defects in the glass due to their size being smaller than the surface defects, and the functional groups thereon can react with the surface of the glass to anchor the particles in the defects.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to coated substrates having, e.g., anti-viral properties, to articles including the coated substrates, and to processes for making such coated substrates and articles. In an embodiment, a mask for preventing infection by a virus is provided. The mask includes a coated substrate having a breathing resistance (95 L/min, EN 149:2001) of about 6 mbar or less and a water droplet absorption time of less than about 5 seconds. The coated substrate includes a non-woven fabric having a weight of about 120 g/m2 or less according to ASTM D3776, and mineral oxide particles, iron oxide particles, or both, coupled to at least a portion of the non-woven fabric.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to coated substrates having, e.g., anti-viral properties, to articles including the coated substrates, and to processes for making such coated substrates and articles. In an embodiment, a coated substrate is provided. The coated substrate includes a substrate having a weight of about 120 g/m2 or less according to ASTM D3776, mineral oxide particles, iron oxide particles, or both, coupled to at least a portion of the substrate wherein the coated substrate has a breathing resistance (95 L/min, EN 149:2001) of about 6 mbar or less.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a composition and one-step method of strengthening glass without heat or chemical processing of the glass itself, while also modifying the surface for improved surface properties. The multifunctional composition is a liquid that can be applied at room temperature and pressure as a topical coating on glass as well as other brittle materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a composition and one-step method of strengthening glass without heat or chemical processing of the glass itself, while also modifying the surface for improved surface properties. The multifunctional composition is a liquid that can be applied at room temperature and pressure as a topical coating on glass as well as other brittle materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to methods of capturing CO2 from an environment at pressures above 1 bar by associating the environment with a porous material that has a surface area of at least 2,800 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.35 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of less than 2 nm. The present disclosure also pertains to methods for the separation of CO2 from natural gas in an environment at partial pressures of either component above 1 bar by associating the environment with a porous material that has a surface area of at least 2,200 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.00 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of greater than 1 nm and less than 2 nm.

Abstract: Components, systems, and methods for producing highly hydrophilitic, functionalized inorganic filtration membranes, pre-treating organic and biological-containing waste waters for minimal membrane fouling and scaling when processed using such functionalized membranes, and use of such functionalized membranes of the present invention in filtration systems for separating such pre-treated waste waters, all with respect to optimal permeate production rates, purity of permeate and resistance to fouling and scale formation on the membranes.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to materials for CO2 adsorption at pressures above 1 bar, where the materials include a porous material with a surface area of at least 2,800 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.35 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of less than 2 nm as measured from N2 sorption isotherms using the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) method. The present disclosure also pertains to materials for separation of CO2 from natural gas at partial pressures of either component above 1 bar, where the materials include a porous material with a surface area of at least 2,200 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.00 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of greater than 1 nm and less than 2 nm as measured from N2 sorption isotherms using the BET method.

Abstract: Components, systems and methods for producing hydrophilitic, functionalized inorganic filtration membranes, pre-treating organic and biological-containing waste waters for minimal membrane fouling and scaling when processed using such functionalized membranes, and use of such functionalized membranes of the present invention in filtration systems for separating such pre-treated waste waters, all with respect to optimal permeate production rates, purity of permeate and resistance to fouling and scale formation on the membranes.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in various embodiments, compositions and methods for strengthening glass without heat or chemical processing of the glass itself. The compositions of the present invention are emulsions comprising polymer colloid particles that are functionalized with an organosilicon compound. The polymer colloid particles can fill surface defects in the glass due to their size being smaller than the surface defects, and the functional groups thereon can react with the surface of the glass to anchor the particles in the defects.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to methods of capturing CO2 from an environment at pressures above 1 bar by associating the environment with a porous material that has a surface area of at least 2,800 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.35 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of less than 2 nm. The present disclosure also pertains to methods for the separation of CO2 from natural gas in an environment at partial pressures of either component above 1 bar by associating the environment with a porous material that has a surface area of at least 2,200 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.00 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of greater than 1 nm and less than 2 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plurality of proppants, wherein at least a portion of the proppants are immobile proppants and are immobile in a proppant pack. The proppants, pre-aggregated proppants, immobile proppants, or any combination thereof can be used for fracking of a well for hydrocarbon recovery. A method of producing, immobilizing, localizing, or any combination thereof a plurality of proppants is provided by the present invention. The present invention also provides a method of immobilizing proppants including flowing a plurality of proppants into a subterranean location, and fusing the plurality of proppants to each other, to a subterranean surface, or a combination thereof to immobilize the plurality of proppants. The fusing can be accomplished using a chemical reaction, physical interaction, cross-linking, polymerization, microwave sintering, surface diffusion, magnetism, colloid destabilization, mechanical entanglement, interlocking, in-situ dimpling, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: Proppants having added functional properties are provided, as are methods that use the proppants to track and trace the characteristics of a fracture in a geologic formation. Information obtained by the methods can be used to design a fracturing job, to increase conductivity in the fracture, and to enhance oil and gas recovery from the geologic formation. The functionalized proppants can be detected by a variety of methods utilizing, for example, an airborne magnetometer survey, ground penetrating radar, a high resolution accelerometer, a geophone, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultra-sound, impedance measurements, piezoelectric activity, radioactivity, and the like. Methods of mapping a subterranean formation are also provided and use the functionalized proppants to detect characteristics of the formation.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to materials for CO2 adsorption at pressures above 1 bar, where the materials include a porous material with a surface area of at least 2,800 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.35 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of less than 2 nm as measured from N2 sorption isotherms using the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) method. The present disclosure also pertains to materials for separation of CO2 from natural gas at partial pressures of either component above 1 bar, where the materials include a porous material with a surface area of at least 2,200 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.00 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of greater than 1 nm and less than 2 nm as measured from N2 sorption isotherms using the BET method.