Abstract: A method for making light olefins by dehydrogenation may include operating a catalytic dehydrogenation process, monitoring a composition of a combustion gas in the combustor to detect a concentration of one or more hydrocarbons, and selectively adding a combustion additive with the catalyst when the combustion gas comprises one or more hydrocarbons in an amount greater than 5% of a lower flammability level of the combustion gas at a temperature and pressure of the combustor. A Jet cup attrition index of the combustion additive may be greater than a Jet cup attrition index of the catalyst. The combustion additive may comprise from 1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of one or more transition metals exclusive of gallium and noble metals, from 0 parts per million by weight (ppmw) to 100 ppmw of gallium and noble metals, and at least 85 wt. % support.

Abstract: A dehydrogenated product may be formed by a method that includes reacting a feed stream in the presence of a catalyst by a dehydrogenation reaction in a reactor to form a dehydrogenated product, separating at least a portion of the product stream from the catalyst, separating the catalyst into at least a first catalyst portion and a second catalyst portion, and passing the first catalyst portion to a combustor. The first catalyst portion may be heated in the combustor by the combustion of supplemental fuel. The method may further include passing the first catalyst portion out of the combustor and combining the first catalyst portion with the second catalyst portion downstream of the combustor to form a recombined catalyst stream, such that the second catalyst portion bypasses the combustor. The method may further include passing the recombined catalyst stream through an oxygen treatment zone, and passing the recombined catalyst stream to the reactor.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a process for preparing a formed hybrid catalyst may comprise mixing a metal oxide catalyst component and a microporous catalyst component, adding a binder to the metal oxide catalyst component and the microporous catalyst component to form a paste, wherein the binder is a colloidal solution, suspension, or gel of a binder precursor comprising oxides or hydroxides of aluminum, oxides or hydroxides of zirconium, or mixtures thereof, and extruding the paste to produce the formed hybrid catalyst. The metal oxide catalyst component may comprise gallium oxide and zirconia, wherein the zirconia has a macroporosity fraction that is less than 0.3 and the microporous catalyst component may comprise a molecular sieve having 8-MR (Member Ring) pore openings. The formed hybrid catalyst may be used in a process to convert a feed stream into a product stream comprising C2 to C4 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments described herein, a method for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons may include passing a hydrocarbon feed comprising one or more alkanes or alkyl aromatics into a fluidized bed reactor, contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a dehydrogenation catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor to produce a dehydrogenated product and hydrogen, and contacting the hydrogen with an oxygen-rich oxygen carrier material in the fluidized bed reactor to combust the hydrogen and form an oxygen-diminished oxygen carrier material. In additional embodiments, a dual-purpose material may be utilized which has dehydrogenation catalyst and oxygen carrying functionality.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a method for preparing a self-bound hybrid catalyst may comprise mixing a powder mixture and a binder component to form a hybrid base catalyst and adding an impregnation solution comprising gallium to the hybrid base catalyst to form the self-bound hybrid catalyst after drying and calcination. According to embodiments, a process for preparing C2 to C4 hydrocarbons may comprise introducing a feed stream comprising hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone of a reactor and converting the feed stream into a product stream comprising C2 to C4 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a self-bound hybrid catalyst formed according to the methods described herein.

Abstract: A method may include contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with a catalyst in a reactor to form an olefin-containing effluent, then at least partially separating the olefin-containing effluent from the catalyst. Passing the catalyst to a combustor and heating the catalyst by combusting a supplemental fuel. The supplemental fuel includes methane in an amount greater than or equal to 1 mol. %. Passing the catalyst from the combustor to the reactor, such that at least a portion of the catalyst continuously cycles between the reactor and the combustor. The catalyst includes from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of one or more metals chosen from gallium, indium, thallium or combinations thereof, from 5 ppmw to 1000 ppmw of one or more metals chosen from platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, or combinations thereof, from 100 ppmw to 30000 ppmw of chromium, and at least 85 wt. % support.

Abstract: A catalyst includes from 5 ppmw to 1000 ppmw of platinum, from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of gallium, from 2300 ppmw to 30000 ppmw of iron, and at least 85 wt. % support, wherein the support includes one or more of alumina, silica, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method may include operating a dehydrogenation process whereby a hydrocarbon-containing feed is converted to light olefins, wherein the dehydrogenation process utilizes a fluidized process catalyst that circulates between a reactor and a combustor. The method may comprise withdrawing the process catalyst from the dehydrogenation process, modifying the process catalyst to form a modified catalyst, and adding the modified catalyst back to the dehydrogenation process. The process catalyst may include from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of one or more metals chosen from gallium, indium, thallium, or combinations thereof, from 1 ppmw to 1000 ppmw of one or more metals chosen from platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, or combinations thereof, and at least 85 wt. % support. Modifying the process catalyst may include adding one or more of manganese, iron, chromium, or vanadium.

Abstract: A method for making light olefins by dehydrogenation may include operating a catalytic dehydrogenation process, monitoring a composition of a combustion gas in the combustor to detect a concentration of one or more hydrocarbons, and selectively adding a combustion additive with the catalyst when the combustion gas comprises one or more hydrocarbons in an amount greater than 5% of a lower flammability level of the combustion gas at a temperature and pressure of the combustor. The combustion additive may comprise from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of gallium, from 100 parts per million by weight (ppmw) to 10,000 ppmw of manganese, from 0 ppmw to 100 ppmw of noble metals, and at least 85 wt. % support. In other embodiments, the combustion additive may comprise from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of chromium, from 0 ppmw to 100 ppmw of gallium and noble metals, and at least 85 wt. % support.

Abstract: A method may include contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with a catalyst in a reactor to form an olefin-containing effluent, then at least partially separating the olefin-containing effluent from the catalyst. Passing the catalyst to a combustor and heating the catalyst by combusting a supplemental fuel. The supplemental fuel includes methane in an amount greater than or equal to 1 mol. %. Passing the catalyst from the combustor to the reactor, such that at least a portion of the catalyst continuously cycles between the reactor and the combustor. The catalyst includes from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of one or more metals chosen from gallium, indium, thallium or combinations thereof, from 5 ppmw to 1000 ppmw of one or more metals chosen from platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, or combinations thereof, from 100 ppmw to 30000 ppmw of iron, and at least 85 wt. % support.

Abstract: A process for preparing C2 to C3 hydrocarbons may include introducing a feed stream including hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone of a reactor, and converting the feed stream into a product stream comprising C2 to C3 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst may include a metal oxide catalyst component and a microporous catalyst component comprising 8-MR pore openings less than or equal to 5.1 A and a cage defining ring size less than or equal to 7.45 A, where a C2/C3 carbon molar ratio of the product stream is greater than or equal to 0.7.

Abstract: A process for preparing C2 to C4 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream into a reaction zone of a reactor, the feed stream comprising hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. An additional stream is introduced into the reaction zone of the reactor, the additional stream comprising carbon dioxide. A combined stream that includes the feed stream and the additional stream is converted into a product stream comprising C2 to C4 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a mixed metal oxide catalyst component, and a microporous catalyst component. The process operates at a gas hourly space velocity in excess of 2500 hr?1 and effectively yields a net carbon dioxide selectivity of less than 5.0% and a productivity of C2-C4 hydrocarbons greater than 75 g hydrocarbons per kilogram of catalyst per hour.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing olefins includes contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with a catalyst in a reactor portion of a reactor system to form an olefin-containing effluent, separating at least a portion of the olefin-containing effluent from the catalyst, passing the catalyst to a catalyst-processing portion of the reactor system and processing the catalyst to produce a processed catalyst and a combustion gas, passing the processed catalyst from the catalyst-processing portion to the reactor portion, and introducing a combustion additive to the reactor system when the combustion gas comprises one or more hydrocarbons in an amount greater than 5% of an LFL of the combustion gas at a temperature and pressure of the catalyst processing portion. The catalyst may include from 1 ppmw to 150 ppmw platinum. The combustion additive may include from 150 ppmw to 1,000 ppmw platinum.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments described herein, a method for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons may include passing a hydrocarbon feed comprising one or more alkanes or alkyl aromatics into a fluidized bed reactor, contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a dehydrogenation catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor to produce a dehydrogenated product and hydrogen, and contacting the hydrogen with an oxygen-rich oxygen carrier material in the fluidized bed reactor to combust the hydrogen and form an oxygen-diminished oxygen carrier material. In additional embodiments, a dual-purpose material may be utilized which has dehydrogenation catalyst and oxygen carrying functionality.

Abstract: A process for preparing C2 to C4 olefins includes introducing a feed stream of hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas into a reaction zone of a reactor and converting the feed stream into a product stream including C2 to C4 olefins in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst and in a non-oxidative atmosphere. The hybrid catalyst includes a metal oxide catalyst component comprising gallium oxide and zirconia, and a microporous catalyst component having an 8 membered ring structure. The process also includes periodically introducing an oxidative atmosphere into the reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for preparing C2 to C5 paraffins including introducing a feed stream of hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone of a reactor. Converting the feed stream into a product stream that includes C2 to C5 paraffins in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst including a microporous catalyst component; and a metal oxide catalyst component. The metal oxide catalyst component including a metal component present on a metal oxide support material. The metal oxide support material includes at least one oxide of a metal selected from Group 4 of the IUPAC periodic table of elements. The product stream has a C3/C2 carbon molar ratio greater than or equal to 4.0.

Abstract: A method for preparing C2 to C5 paraffins including introducing a feed stream of hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone of a reactor. Converting the feed stream into a product stream that includes C2 to C5 paraffins in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst including a microporous catalyst component; and a metal oxide catalyst component. The metal oxide catalyst component including a metal component present on a metal oxide support material. The metal oxide support material includes at least one oxide of a metal selected from Group 4 of the IUPAC periodic table of elements. The product stream has a C3/C2 carbon molar ratio greater than or equal to 4.0.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier materials and methods of using hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier materials. The hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material may comprise a core material, which includes a redox-active transition metal oxide; a shell material, which includes one or more alkali transition metal oxides; and a support material. The shell material may be in direct contact with at least a majority of an outer surface of the core material. At least a portion of the core material may be in direct contact with the support material. The hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material may be selective to combust hydrogen in an environment that includes hydrogen and hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst having: a structure having a formula MovVwNbyBizOx, where v is 1, w is from 0.1 to 0.5, y is from 0.001 to 0.3, z is from 0.01 to 0.3, and x is the oxygen content required to charge-balance the structure. The oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst has a Pba2-32 space group, characterized by reflections determined with Cu—K? X-ray diffraction (XRD) as follows.

Abstract: A method for converting alkanes to olefins includes contacting a feed stream comprising alkanes with an oxidative dehydrogenation that does not comprise tellurium catalyst in a reaction zone and dehydrogenating the alkanes without a co-feed of oxygen to yield a product stream having olefins. The oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst has the formula: MovVwNbyAzOx, where v is 1.0, w is from 0.1 to 0.5, y is from 0.001 to 0.3, A is Bi, Sb, Pr, or mixtures thereof, z is from 0.01 to 0.3, and x charge-balances the structure. The oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst has a crystallographic structure with Pba2-32 space group, characterized by reflections determined with Cu-K? X-ray diffraction (XRD) as follows.