Abstract: This invention provides a device and method for upwelling large amounts of cool, nutrient rich water by moving or pulling the device behind surface or subsurface marine vehicles to cool and/or enrich the surface and near-surface waters of selected oceanic regions. This invention also provides a device to upwell cool oceanic water from depth and use it to propel a vessel. This invention also provides a method for altering the course or intensity of cyclonic storms to reduce human and property damage from such storms by selective cooling of regions of ocean surface. This invention also provides a device and method for augmentation of the natural coastal upwelling of vital nutrient rich waters.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an exterior shell and an interior shell with various impact absorbing material between the exterior shell and the interior shell. The impact absorbing material includes multiple structures, such as rods or filaments, capable of deforming when force is applied then returning to its state prior to application of the force. In various embodiments, a rate sensitive material (RSM) is positioned in one or more locations relative to the exterior shell and the interior shell of the garment to further attenuate impacts to the garment. The RSM changes its resistance to force based on a rate at which the material is loaded.

Abstract: Protective clothing and/or equipment may comprise an impact mitigation layer which comprises a plurality of impact mitigation assemblies positioned between an exterior surface and an interior surface. The plurality of impact mitigation assemblies may comprise an impact absorbing array of impact mitigation structures having at least one filament and a lateral support wall or connecting element. When force is applied to the exterior surface, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform in a desired and controlled manner, reducing the force received by the interior surface.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an exterior shell and an interior shell with various impact absorbing material between the exterior shell and the interior shell. The impact absorbing material includes multiple structures, such as rods or filaments, capable of deforming when force is applied then returning to its state prior to application of the force. In various embodiments, a rate sensitive material (RSM) is positioned in one or more locations relative to the exterior shell and the interior shell of the garment to further attenuate impacts to the garment. The RSM changes its resistance to force based on a rate at which the material is loaded.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an impact absorbing material comprising arrays of various hexagonal or other deformable polygonal-shaped structures positioned between an exterior surface and an interior surface. When force is applied to the exterior surface, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform (e.g., buckle) in a desired manner, reducing the force received by the interior surface.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an impact absorbing material comprising arrays of various hexagonal or other deformable polygonal-shaped structures positioned between an exterior surface and an interior surface. When force is applied to the exterior surface, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform (e.g., buckle) in a desired manner, reducing the force received by the interior surface.

Abstract: Protective clothing and/or equipment may comprise an impact mitigation layer which comprises a plurality of impact mitigation assemblies positioned between an exterior surface and an interior surface. The plurality of impact mitigation assemblies may comprise an impact absorbing array of impact mitigation structures having at least one filament and a lateral support wall or connecting element. When force is applied to the exterior surface, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform in a desired and controlled manner, reducing the force received by the interior surface.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an exterior shell and an interior shell with various impact absorbing material between the exterior shell and the interior shell. The impact absorbing material includes multiple structures, such as rods or filaments, capable of deforming when force is applied then returning to its state prior to application of the force. In various embodiments, a rate sensitive material (RSM) is positioned in one or more locations relative to the exterior shell and the interior shell of the garment to further attenuate impacts to the garment. The RSM changes its resistance to force based on a rate at which the material is loaded.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an exterior shell and an interior shell with various impact absorbing material between the exterior shell and the interior shell. The impact absorbing material includes multiple structures, such as rods or filaments, capable of deforming when force is applied then returning to its state prior to application of the force. In various embodiments, a rate sensitive material (RSM) is positioned in one or more locations relative to the exterior shell and the interior shell of the garment to further attenuate impacts to the garment. The RSM changes its resistance to force based on a rate at which the material is loaded.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an exterior shell and an interior shell with various impact absorbing material between the exterior shell and the interior shell. The impact absorbing material includes multiple structures, such as rods or filaments, capable of deforming when force is applied then returning to its state prior to application of the force. In various embodiments, the impact absorbing material is manufactured using injection molding to allow positioning of various structures in the impact absorbing material relative to each other during manufacture. During manufacturing, one or more living hinges are included in portions of the impact absorbing material to allow certain portions of the impact absorbing material to be accurately positioned relative to each other. Other manufacturing methods may be used, such as three-dimensional printing may be used to include structures in the impact absorbing material.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an impact absorbing material comprising arrays of various hexagonal or other deformable polygonal-shaped structures positioned between an exterior surface and an interior surface. When force is applied to the exterior surface, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform (e.g., buckle) in a desired manner, reducing the force received by the interior surface.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an impact absorbing material comprising arrays of various hexagonal or other deformable polygonal-shaped structures positioned between an exterior surface and an interior surface. When force is applied to the exterior surface, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform (e.g., buckle) in a desired manner, reducing the force received by the interior surface.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an exterior shell and an interior shell with various impact absorbing material between the exterior shell and the interior shell. The impact absorbing material includes multiple structures, such as rods or filaments, capable of deforming when force is applied then returning to its state prior to application of the force. In various embodiments, a rate sensitive material (RSM) is positioned in one or more locations relative to the exterior shell and the interior shell of the garment to further attenuate impacts to the garment. The RSM changes its resistance to force based on a rate at which the material is loaded.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an exterior shell and an interior shell with impact absorbing material comprising various structures between the exterior shell and the interior shell. When force is applied to the exterior shell, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform (e.g., compress), reducing the force received by the interior shell. For example, the impact absorbing material forms structures such as multiple branched “Y” shapes or multiple cylindrical rods with a surface contacting the exterior shell and a surface contacting the interior shell. The interior of the rods and other impact absorbing structures may be filled with a deformable material, such as foam. The impact absorbing material may be formed into jacks, spherical shapes, bristles, intersecting arches, or other shapes positioned between the exterior shell and the interior shell.

Abstract: A garment worn by a wearer has an exterior shell and an interior shell with various impact absorbing material between the exterior shell and the interior shell. The impact absorbing material includes multiple structures, such as rods or filaments, capable of deforming when force is applied then returning to its state prior to application of the force. In various embodiments, the impact absorbing material is manufactured using injection molding to allow positioning of various structures in the impact absorbing material relative to each other during manufacture. During manufacturing, one or more living hinges are included in portions of the impact absorbing material to allow certain portions of the impact absorbing material to be accurately positioned relative to each other. Other manufacturing methods may be used, such as three-dimensional printing may be used to include structures in the impact absorbing material.

Abstract: The present invention provides dynamically changing musical compositions and sound compositions. Provided is a dynamic music sound file format, as well as an illustrative operating environment in which the invention may be practiced. The sound file includes many different characteristics relating to the components that are easily accessible. Each time the user listens to a song or sound composition, it may change. For example, the user may listen to a song and then play the same song again and hear a different version of the song. A script tool is used to create scripts that are used to play back a song. The scripts are user definable and may, for example, define a specific order to play the components, define the components that may be played next to each other during the playback. The possibilities for new music experience are expanded, adding tremendous value for the listener and tremendous creative opportunities for the artists.

Abstract: The present invention provides dynamically changing musical compositions and sound compositions. Provided is a dynamic music sound file format, as well as an illustrative operating environment in which the invention may be practiced. The sound file includes many different characteristics relating to the components that are easily accessible. Each time the user listens to a song or sound composition, it may change. For example, the user may listen to a song and then play the same song again and hear a different version of the song. A script tool is used to create scripts that are used to play back a song. The scripts are user definable and may, for example, define a specific order to play the components, define the components that may be played next to each other during the playback. The possibilities for new music experience are expanded, adding tremendous value for the listener and tremendous creative opportunities for the artists.