Abstract: The device comprises a cylinder (3) and a piston (7) which is guided free of contact relative to the cylinder (3). A gap seal (12) is provided between the lateral surfaces (15, 14) of the cylinder (3) and of the piston (7). The gap seal (12) has a very thin and uniform annular cross section. The lateral surfaces (14, 15) of the cylinder liner (4) and of the piston (7) are essentially smooth and comprise a material with a linear thermal coefficient of expansion which is lower relative to steel. The precise maintenance of the sealing gap and the central guidance of the piston (7) in the cylinder liner (4) is ensured through two guides (8, 9) connected rigidly with the housing (5). These guides (8, 9) are elastic in the direction of the central axis (2) of the piston-cylinder unit and highly rigid transversely to the central axis (2).

Abstract: The device permits the precise guiding and centering of machine elements, for example of a piston rod (7) or a piston (3,4) in a cylinder (5,6). Therein two guides (11,12) are disposed at approximately right angles to the longitudinal axis (2) of the piston rod (7) and at a distance from each other. Each guide (11,12) comprises several spring elements (15) which extend radially from the axis (2). The spring elements (15) comprise long main spring parts (16) and short auxiliary spring (17). The spring parts (16,17) are rigidly connected one with the other via connection parts (18). The guides (11,12) have with respect to the axis (2) high transverse rigidity and permit precisely guided oscillating motions of the machine elements (3,4,5,6,7) along the longitudinal axis (2). These guides (11,12) permit for example the contact-free relative motions between piston (3,4) and cylinder (5,6) and have a high service life and operational reliability.

Abstract: The injection fuel system employs a hydraulically operated piston for pressurizing and expelling a primary fuel suspension through an injection valve into the combustion chamber. A high pressure piston pump which is driven off the camshaft delivers diesel oil to operate the piston. In addition, the high pressure piston pump provides pressurized diesel oil to open and close the injection valve for the primary fuel during an injection phase and also supplies pressurized diesel oil to operate the injection valve for the ignition oil. The hydraulically operated piston can be adjusted in dependence upon the speed of the engine with a corresponding adjustment in the pressure used to regulate the injection valve for the ignition oil.

Abstract: The check valve employs a helical tension spring which is connected at one end to the valve lid on the axis of the valve lid and at the opposite end via a ring on the axis of the valve body. Wedge-shaped elements are provided in the lid to engage with an annular groove in the spring and similar wedge-shaped elements are provided in a hub of the ring to engage with the second end of the spring. A rubber member may also be inserted within the windings of the spring to reduce the flow cross section through the valve body.

Abstract: The fuel injection system employs a relief valve which is connected to the fuel chamber in the injection valve containing the primary fuel. The relief valve opens towards the end of the primary fuel injection phase to connect the fuel chamber to a discharge duct. Further, the relief valve permits a flushing of the fuel chamber after a changeover from operation with a coal slurry suspension to operation with diesel oil as the primary fuel. A selector valve, a pair of three way valves and multiple reservoirs are provided to accommodate switching over of operation from coal slurry to diesel oil.

Abstract: The fuel injection valve is constructed of a valve body and a single valve needle. The valve needle operates under the pressure of the fuel to move a first distance permitting injection of fuel through the bottom nozzle of the valve body into a combustion chamber and moves a greater distance to expose the remaining nozzles to inject additional fuel into the combustion chamber. The valve needle has a conical end face which sealingly engages a valve seat of the valve body disposed between the respective set of nozzles when in the closed position.

Abstract: The fuel injection valve has a central aperture for the injection of diesel oil into a combustion chamber as well as additional apertures above the central aperture for selective injection of diesel oil. The valve is controlled so that a needle valves opens only the central aperture when diesel oil is to be injected as an ignition fuel during gas operation. The needle valve is moved a greater distance to open all the apertures when diesel operation occurs.

Abstract: The fuel injection system is provided with a control device for controlling the pilot fuel injection phase to be less than ten percent of the main fuel injection phase. In one embodiment, an injection pump is constructed with a piston having a part with a pair of bevelled edges which control the start and end of injection as well as a tension spring for abruptly moving the piston in the delivery stroke. In another embodiment, a control device includes a rotatable spool which has a cross-bore for communicating cyclically with a pair of radial bores in a surrounding sleeve and which, in turn, communicate with oppositely disposed bores in a casing in order to deliver a flow of pilot fuel during the injection phase.

Abstract: The reciprocating pump is provided with a sleeve between the piston and the casing. The sleeve is disposed in spaced relation to define an annular gap both with respect to the piston and with respect to the casing. The sleeve is also biased by a spring into sealing engagement with the end wall of the casing. The end of the sleeve adjacent to the spring provides a permanent connection between the gap between the casing and sleeve and the pressure medium used to drive the piston of the pump so that the same pressure prevails on the inside and outside surfaces of the sleeve.

Abstract: The fuel injection system for a multi-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine employs an accumulator in the feed line between a feed pump and each of two hydraulic pumps of hydraulic pump pairs. In addition, a high-pressure accumulator is connected on the delivery side in common to all of the hydraulic pumps to eliminate pressure variations. The pumps of each pair of hydraulic pumps are driven in a 45.degree. out-of-phase relation to each other while the adjacent pairs of hydraulic pumps are driven in co-phase relation.

Abstract: The valve seats and the valve stem of the changeover valve have different diameters from one another so that the pressure medium applied a drive force to actuate the valve. The control system is a simple and purely passive retention system without external drive, the retention being triggered by a pulse-like electric signal. The signal energy produced and transmitted within electronic control systems suffices to actuate the valve, no additional drives being necessary for such actuation.

Abstract: The cylinder head to the combustion chamber is provided with a peripheral array of injection nozzles for injection non-igniting fuel into the combustion chamber and a central fuel injection nozzle for injecting an ignition fuel. The openings of the respective nozzles are arranged to inject a distribution of the fuels in the combustion chamber which is symmetrical relative to the cylinder axis. The openings of the peripheral nozzles are disposed to inject fuel transversely into the combustion chamber symmetrically to a plane passing through each respective peripheral nozzle and the central nozzle while the central nozzle has a nozzle opening in each such plane.

Abstract: A resiliently prestressed oscillatory system having two discrete operative positions is located by means of toggle levers in the limit positions of the oscillation. One of the toggle levers is in the extended state in the associated operative position and is deflected by a control device through the agency of a movable abutment until the self-locking of the toggle lever is overcome and a prestressed spring drives the system into its other end position.The toggle levers form an amplifier reducing, for instance, by a hundred-fold to a thousand-fold, the forces which the control device is required to provide. The system can therefore be controlled directly by means of an electronic control without the need for additional pneumatic of hydraulic auxiliary systems or high power electrical systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the utilization of the waste heat of diesel engines, in which the waste heat is utilized in at least one vapor circuit to produce mechanical energy. To improve the waste heat utilization, the engine media containing the waste heat--e.g. the boost air and the exhaust gases--have heat additionally withdrawn from them during the pre-heating of the liquid working medium for the vapor circuit. The heat withdrawal is effected by liquid working medium from a heating system which is disposed in parallel relationship to the vapor circuit. The liquid working medium is introduced into the vapor circuit upstream of the pre-heater and is separated downstream thereof from the working medium which is to be evaporated.

Abstract: Liquified coal fuel is maintained in a liquified state by surrounding the injection pump, injection nozzle, suction line, pressure line and overflow line with jackets through which a heating medium is passed. The jackets surrounding the suction line, overflow line and pressure line are corrugated for expansion and are connected via bellows-like sealing bodies and flanges to the jacket surrounding the pump housing. Outlets are provided for leakage and are connected to separators to remove the fuel from the heating medium.

Abstract: The powdered fuel is dosed in metered amounts by a pocketed dosing wheel into a fuel-feeding duct which is opened and closed by reciprocally mounted slider. Air is charged into the fuel feeding duct via a compressed air duct above the fuel valve. Upon opening of the fuel valve, a blast of air is charged via a control valve into the compressed air duct to expel the powdered fuel in the fuel-receiving chambers of the fuel valve.

Abstract: The solid particulate fuel is first dried and then liquified to a viscous state at 300.degree. C within an inert atmosphere in a melting tank. Thereafter, while the heat is retained in the fuel, the liquified fuel is pumped to a heater and heated to a higher temperature of 400.degree. C. This hot fuel is then delivered via switching means to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine while the temperature of the fuel is maintained.

Abstract: The nozzle in the cylinder head is supplied with solid particulate fuel, e.g. powdered coal, via a dosing wheel while a hollow slider in the nozzle blocks a supply of compressed air. After dosing, the hollow slider is moved into a position to block further entry of the particulate fuel while opening the nozzle to the compressed air supply. The fuel is then blasted out of the discharge openings of the nozzle into the combustion chamber of a cylinder.

Abstract: A powdered coal air suspension is charged from a rotating drum via a switch means into a vertical channel which is sealed off from a powdered coal collector in the valve piston by an axially hollow slider. Downward movement of the slider allows the powdered coal to charge into the valve piston while an air valve within the vertical channel opens when the valve piston opens to create an air blast for expelling the coal and air into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The valve piston is charged with powdered fuel, such as coal, which is initially metered into a fuel transfer channel during a downward stroke of a dosing and ejecting member and then blown via compressed air through the valve piston into the combustion chamber upon completion of the downward stroke of the dosing and ejecting member. A slider is used to allow metering of the fuel without interference from the compressed air. After the fuel charge is metered, the slider moves transversely of the transfer channel to permit entry of the compressed air so that the charge can be blown into the combustion chamber via the valve piston.