Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds such as: formula wherein linker is independently selected from the group consisting of —S—, —S—S—, —S—(CH2)n-, —NH—, —NH—(CH2)n-, —O—, —SO2-, arylene, heteroarylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of straight or branched C4-C20 alkyl, straight or branched C4-C20 alkenyl, straight or branched C4-C20 alkynyl, each optionally interrupted with at least one NH, C5-C7 saturated cycloalkyl or heteroalkyl ring, C5-C12 aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, each optionally substituted with at least one group selected from —COOH, —NH2, C1-C8 alkoxy, C1-C5 amidyle, C1-C5 carboxyl, halogen; and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, NH2, NO2, halogen, CN, C1-C8 alkoxy, C1-C5 carboxylic acid, straight or branched C1-C8 alkyl, straight or branched C2-C10 alkenyl, straight or branched C2-C12 alkynyl each optionally substituted by at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkoxy, C1-C5 carboxylic acid, OH, SH, NH2, hal

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds such as: formula wherein linker is independently selected from the group consisting of —S—, —S—S—, —S—(CH2)n—, —NH—, —NH—(CH2)n—, —O—, —S02-, arylene, heteroarylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of straight or branched C4-C20 alkyl, straight or branched C4-C20 alkenyl, straight or branched C4-C20 alkynyl, each optionally interrupted with at least one NH, C5-C7 saturated cycloalkyl or heteroalkyl ring, C5-C12 aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, each optionally substituted with at least one group selected from —COOH, —NH2, C1-C8 alkoxy, C1-C5 amidyle, C1-C5 carboxyl, halogen; and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, NH2, NO2, halogen, CN, C1-C8 alkoxy, C1-C5 carboxylic acid, straight or branched C1-C8 alkyl, straight or branched C2-C10 alkenyl, straight or branched C2-C12 alkynyl each optionally substituted by at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkoxy, C1-C5 carboxylic acid, OH, SH, NH2, hal

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the intelligent management of multi-cell battery pack. A battery management system which may be mounted on board a vehicle facilitates battery management including monitoring the state of charge of the battery pack. Wireless communication equipment facilitate communication between the battery management system to a remote location. A battery charger controlled by the battery management system charges individual cells of the battery pack.

Abstract: Control systems and methods for independent control of power systems, particularly lighting network branches, and separate control of individual branch components. Multi-branch systems comprise independently controllable branches that inter-communicate via PLC communications. In each branch, components such as ballasts, local control units, sensors, actuators, and repeaters, may exchange commands and queries independently of a branch remote control unit (BRCU). Alternatively, a BRCU may manage or arbitrate communications, or interact with other BRCUs, other control units and external management systems. Ballasts include a multi-channel ballast that enables close-loop control of individual fixtures, or of individual dimmable or non-dimmable lamps within a fixture. The close-loop control is facilitated by sampling circuits/sensors co-located with each controlled fixture or lamp. All controllers are preferably implemented using an integrated digital controller.

Abstract: Control systems and methods for independent control of power systems, particularly lighting network branches, and separate control of individual branch components. Multi-branch systems comprise independently controllable branches that inter-communicate via PLC communications. In each branch, components such as ballasts, local control units, sensors, actuators, and repeaters, may exchange commands and queries independently of a branch remote control unit (BRCU). Alternatively, a BRCU may manage or arbitrate communications, or interact with other BRCUs, other control units and external management systems. Ballasts include a multi-channel ballast that enables close-loop control of individual fixtures, or of individual dimmable or non-dimmable lamps within a fixture. The close-loop control is facilitated by sampling circuits/sensors co-located with each controlled fixture or lamp. All controllers are preferably implemented using an integrated digital controller.

Abstract: An integrated digital controller for controlling power electronic devices and method of its use, comprises an analog-to-digital converting scanner module for scanning analog data inputs and used to create digital data correlated with the analog inputs, a loop control module operative to receive the digital data ad used for controlling at least one control loop, and a pulse sequence generator (PSG) module used for generating a variety of fast, configurable, event-driven pulse sequences in cooperation with the PSG and scanner modules. The controller comprises optionally a CPU for managing various tasks and coordinate between the modules, means to create the events, and means for configuration and reconfiguration on-the-fly. The controller is preferably integrated in a semiconductor chip.

Abstract: Control systems and methods for independent control of power systems, particularly lighting network branches, and separate control of individual branch components. Multi-branch systems comprise independently controllable branches that inter-communicate via PLC communications. In each branch, components such as ballasts, local control units, sensors, actuators, and repeaters, may exchange commands and queries independently of a branch remote control unit (BRCU). Alternatively, a BRCU may manage or arbitrate communications, or interact with other BRCUs, other control units and external management systems. Ballasts include a multi-channel ballast that enables close-loop control of individual fixtures, or of individual dimmable or non-dimmable lamps within a fixture. The close-loop control is facilitated by sampling circuits/sensors co-located with each controlled fixture or lamp. All controllers are preferably implemented using an integrated digital controller.

Abstract: A digital phase locked loop (DPLL) comprising a digitally implemented voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for producing a VCO feedback signal, a phase error counter which includes a digital phase-frequency detector for producing a first phase error signal, a quadrature phase detector for producing a second phase error signal and an adder for adding the first and second phase error signals to obtain a combined phase error signal, and two programmable dividers used to cooperatively determine the VCO feedback signal and to provide a DPLL output line sync value synchronized with an input signal.

Abstract: A programmable digital power controller for gas discharge devices such as fluorescent lamps or other devices using all digital internal and external programmable controls. A specific ASIC is described. A gate array and microcomputer share parallel functions with fast sub-functions carried out by the gate array and slower sub-functions carried out by a micro-processor. Circuits are provided for automatic shut down when a high frequency ground fault is detected; for connecting the filaments of multiple gas discharge devices in a series/parallel circuit in a manner that power for a particular device is disabled when that device is removed from the circuit; for driving the load as close to resonance as possible but in an inductive mode; and for developing a dead time between high side and low side switches which is related to transformer current, switch current, bridge voltage or bridge voltage dv/dt.

Abstract: A programmable digital power controller for gas discharge devices such as fluorescent lamps or other devices using all digital internal and external programmable controls. A specific ASIC is described. A gate array and microcomputer share parallel functions with fast sub-functions carried out by the gate array and slower sub-functions carried out by a micro-processor. Circuits are provided for automatic shut down when a high frequency ground fault is detected; for connecting the filaments of multiple gas discharge devices in a series/parallel circuit in a manner that power for a particular device is disabled when that device is removed from the circuit; for driving the load as close to resonance as possible but in an inductive mode; and for developing a dead time between high side and low side switches which is related to transformer current, switch current, bridge voltage or bridge voltage dv/dt.

Abstract: An integrated digital controller for controlling power electronic devices and method of its use, comprises an analog-to-digital converting scanner module for scanning analog data inputs and used to create digital data correlated with the analog inputs, a loop control module operative to receive the digital data and used for controlling at least one control loop, and a pulse sequence generator (PSG) module used for generating a variety of fast, configurable, event-driven pulse sequences in cooperation with the PSG and scanner modules. The controller comprises optionally a CPU for managing various tasks and coordinate between the modules, means to create the events, and means for configuration and reconfiguration on-the-fly. The controller is preferably integrated in a semiconductor chip.

Abstract: An integrated digital controller for controlling power electronic devices and method of its use, comprises an analog-to-digital converting scanner module for scanning analog data inputs and used to create digital data correlated with the analog inputs, a loop control module operative to receive the digital data and used for controlling at least one control loop, and a pulse sequence generator (PSG) module used for generating a variety of fast, configurable, event-driven pulse sequences in cooperation with the PSG and scanner modules. The controller comprises optionally a CPU for managing various tasks and coordinate between the modules, means to create the events, and means for configuration and reconfiguration on-the-fly. The controller is preferably integrated in a semiconductor chip.

Abstract: Control systems and methods for independent control of power systems, particularly lighting network branches, and separate control of individual branch components. Multi-branch systems comprise independently controllable branches that inter-communicate via PLC communications. In each branch, components such as ballasts, local control units, sensors, actuators, and repeaters, may exchange commands and queries independently of a branch remote control unit (BRCU). Alternatively, a BRCU may manage or arbitrate communications, or interact with other BRCUs, other control units and external management systems. Ballasts include a multi-channel ballast that enables close-loop control of individual fixtures, or of individual dimmable or non-dimmable lamps within a fixture. The close-loop control is facilitated by sampling circuits/sensors co-located with each controlled fixture or lamp. All controllers are preferably implemented using an integrated digital controller.

Abstract: Control systems and methods for independent control of power systems, particularly lighting network branches, and separate control of individual branch components. Multi-branch systems comprise independently controllable branches that inter-communicate via PLC communications. In each branch, components such as ballasts, local control units, sensors, actuators, and repeaters, may exchange commands and queries independently of a branch remote control unit (BRCU). Alternatively, a BRCU may manage or arbitrate communications, or interact with other BRCUs, other control units and external management systems. Ballasts include a multi-channel ballast that enables close-loop control of individual fixtures, or of individual dimmable or non-dimmable lamps within a fixture. The close-loop control is facilitated by sampling circuits/sensors co-located with each controlled fixture or lamp. All controllers are preferably implemented using an integrated digital controller.

Abstract: A power controller for fluorescent lamp dimming is disclosed, using all digital internal and external programmable controls. A specific ASIC is described. A gate array and microcomputer share parallel functions with fast sub-functions carried out by the gate array and slower sub-functions carried out by a micro-processor. Circuits are provided for automatic shut down when a high frequency ground fault is detected; for connecting the filaments of gas discharge lamps in a series/parallel circuit for driving the load as close to resonance as possible but in an inductive mode; and for developing a dead time between high side and low side switches which is related to transformer current, switch current, bridge voltage or bridge voltage dv/dt.

Abstract: An integrated digital controller for controlling power electronic devices and method of its use, comprises an analog-to-digital converting scanner module for scanning analog data inputs and used to create digital data correlated with the analog inputs, a loop control module operative to receive the digital data and used for controlling at least one control loop, and a pulse sequence generator (PSG) module used for generating a variety of fast, configurable, event-driven pulse sequences in cooperation with the PSG and scanner modules. The controller comprises optionally a CPU for managing various tasks and coordinate between the modules, means to create the events, and means for configuration and reconfiguration on-the-fly. The controller is preferably integrated in a semiconductor chip.

Abstract: An integrated digital controller for controlling power electronic devices and method of its use, comprises an analog-to-digital converting scanner module for scanning analog data inputs and used to create digital data correlated with the analog inputs, a loop control module operative to receive the digital data and used for controlling at least one control loop, and a pulse sequence generator (PSG) module used for generating a variety of fast, configurable, event-driven pulse sequences in cooperation with the PSG and scanner modules. The controller comprises optionally a CPU for managing various tasks and coordinate between the modules, means to create the events, and means for configuration and reconfiguration on-the-fly. The controller is preferably integrated in a semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A power controller for flourescent lamp dimming is disclosed, using all digital internal and external programmable controls. A specific ASIC is described. A gate array and microcomputer share parallel functions with fast sub-functions carried out by the gate array and slower sub-functions carried out by a micro-processor. Circuits are provided for automatic shut down when a high frequency ground fault is detected; for connecting the filaments of gas discharge lamps in a series/parallel circuit; for driving the load as close to resonance as possible but in an inductive mode; and for developing a dead time between high side and low side switches which is related to transformer current, switch current, bridge voltage or bridge voltage dv/dt.

Abstract: Control systems and methods for independent control of power systems, particularly lighting network branches, and separate control of individual branch components. Multi-branch systems comprise independently controllable branches that inter-communicate via PLC communications. In each branch, components such as ballasts, local control units, sensors, actuators, and repeaters, may exchange commands and queries independently of a branch remote control unit (BRCU). Alternatively, a BRCU may manage or arbitrate communications, or interact with other BRCUs, other control units and external management systems. Ballasts include a multi-channel ballast that enables close-loop control of individual fixtures, or of individual dimmable or non-dimmable lamps within a fixture. The close-loop control is facilitated by sampling circuits/sensors co-located with each controlled fixture or lamp. All controllers are preferably implemented using an integrated digital controller.

Abstract: An integrated digital controller for controlling power electronic devices and method of its use, comprises an analog-to-digital converting scanner module for scanning analog data inputs and used to create digital data correlated with the analog inputs, a loop control module operative to receive the digital data and used for controlling at least one control loop, and a pulse sequence generator (PSG) module used for generating a variety of fast, configurable, event-driven pulse sequences in cooperation with the PSG and scanner modules. The controller comprises optionally a CPU for managing various tasks and coordinate between the modules, means to create the events, and means for configuration and reconfiguration on-the-fly. The controller is preferably integrated in a semiconductor chip.