Abstract: A composite type conductive polymer having a phenylene vinylene backbone with a condensed hydrocarbon ring system introduced into the backbone to form a bend in a linear structure of the phenylene vinylene backbone.

Abstract: A resin composite material which allows a polymer phase structure to be controlled is provided. The material comprises a particle 1 having a surface area of not less than 50 m2/g and two or more polymers 21 and 22 or a copolymer comprising two or more segments. The polymers or the copolymer form a phase structure 5 having an unit thickness (t) of 1 to 1000 nm and which is laminated on the surface of the particle. It is preferred that the particle has a needle-like, sheet-like, spherical or cylindrical shape and that the copolymer is a block copolymer or a graft copolymer comprising two or more segments.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic monomer for synthesizing a self-doped conductive polymer, the process comprising:

Abstract: A phenolic resin composite material includes a phenolic resin, a filler dispersed in the phenolic resin and being a reinforcement member and an organized layered clay mineral being different from the filler and dispersed uniformly in the phenolic resin. The phenolic resin composite material is improved in terms of the heat resistance as well as the mechanical strengths.

Abstract: A first process for producing a modified electrolyte consistent with the present invention comprises an amine treatment step of contacting a solid polymer electrolyte or a precursor thereof with an amine compound. Further, a first modified electrolyte consistent with the present invention consists essentially of what is obtained in such a process. A second process for producing the modified electrolyte consistent with the present invention includes a step of introducing, to a solid polymer compound having a functional group A, a first modifying agent comprising at least one functional group B capable of reacting with the functional group A thereby forming a first intermediate acid group; and the step also includes reacting the functional group A and the functional group B.

Abstract: Polymeric composites may be produced by a process comprising melt-kneading an organophilic clay and a polymer at an average reduced pressure of at 5×104 Pa, a maximum reduced pressure of at least 1×105 Pa, and a total shear strain between 105 and 107, and/or a total shear energy per unit volume falling between 1010 and 1014 Pa. Polymeric composites produced under these conditions may have 50% or more of the entire layers of the layered organophilic clay dispersed as monolayers.

Abstract: A resin composite material according to the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin composition containing a polyphenylene oxide, a layered clay mineral dispersed in the thermoplastic resin composition and organized with an organizing agent, and a polar compound dispersed in the thermoplastic resin composition and chemically bonded to the layered clay mineral. The layered clay mineral is satisfactorily uniformly dispersed in the thermoplastic resin composition even after kneading under high temperature conditions. The resin composite material has adequately enhanced characteristics of mechanical strength, durability, and so on.

Abstract: Poly(cyclic conjugated diene) polymers are prepared by polymerizing a cyclic conjugated diene monomer or cyclic conjugated diene monomer and a double bond-containing monomer using a transition metal catalyst, preferably a Ni-based catalyst, in a non-polar solvent containing a basic compound or an aromatic halide solvent. The poly(cyclic conjugated diene) polymer may then be subsequently modified by reaction of at least one of the double bonds of the polymer with a modifying substance, for example hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention features an immobilized enzyme wherein an enzyme or an active unit of the enzyme is immobilized in a structural unit having structural stability; namely, the present invention provides an immobilized enzyme comprising: a structural unit having structural stability; and an enzyme having an active unit, the enzyme, or the active unit being immobilized in the structural unit; in the preferred aspects, the structural unit is a porous substance having homogeneous pores, a pore size (diameter) of the porous substance of the structural unit is almost the same as that of the enzyme to be immobilized or the active unit of the enzyme, and the structural unit comprises a mesoporous silica porous material to be formed via a layered silicate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel poly(cyclic conjugated diene) and a process for producing the same; and a modifying product, a hydrogenated product, and a poly(cyclic conjugated diene) comprising phenylene thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer composite comprising a polymer and a layered clay mineral dispersed in the polymer, the layered clay mineral being a layered clay mineral organized by an organizing agent in an amount of 25% to 85% based on total cation exchange capacity of the layered clay mineral, or by an organizing agent comprising an organic polyonium compound. In such a polymer composite, even when the polymer employed is a polar polymer, the dispersibility of layered clay mineral is favorable, and physical properties such as mechanical properties and gas barrier property are excellent.

Abstract: Devulcanized rubber in which sulfuric crosslinking bonds are cut and which contains carbon black particles having very small diameters. Vulcanized rubber of discarded products is devulcanized by heating it at a temperature of 180.degree. C. --350.degree. C. and applying a shearing pressure of 10-150 kg/cm.sup.2 thereto. Reclaimed rubber products are manufactured by vulcanizing and molding, into desired shapes, a material made of only devulcanized rubber in which sulfuric crosslinking bonds are cut and which contains carbon black particles having very small diameters or a material made of the devulcanized rubber mixed with virgin unvulcanized rubber.

Abstract: A composite clay material with the interlayer distance sufficiently expanded by dispersing clay mineral in a low polar polymer on a molecular level and the method for producing the same, blend material and composite clay rubber material using the same and the production method thereof.The composite clay material is formed of a clay mineral rendered compatible with an organic material through ionic bonding to an organic onium ion having 6 or more carbon number and a main guest molecule having a polar group in its main chain and side chain and molecular length equal to or larger than that of said organic onium ion. The main guest molecule is incorporated at least partially into an interlayer section of the clay mineral which has a hydrogen bonding with the polar group of the main guest molecule. The main guest molecule preferably has a molecular weight ranging from about 100 to 100000.

Abstract: The resin composite of this invention comprises an organophilic clay and a polymer. The polymer is formed of two or more polymers at least one of which has a functional group, or the polymer is formed of a copolymer having a functional group. This structure provides the resin composite which can be easily made composite with a wide range of applications, and imparts the optimum physical properties to the composite.

Abstract: A composite clay material with the interlayer distance sufficiently expanded by dispersing clay mineral in a low polar polymer on a molecular level and the method for producing the same, blend material and composite clay rubber material using the same and the production method thereof. The composite clay material is formed of a clay mineral rendered compatible with an organic material through ionic bonding to an organic onium ion having 6 or more carbon number and a main guest molecule having a polar group in its main chain and side chain and molecular length equal to or larger than that of said organic onium ion. The main guest molecule is incorporated at least partially into an interlayer section of the clay mineral which has a hydrogen bonding with the polar group of the main guest molecule. The main guest molecule preferably has a molecular weight ranging from about 100 to 100000.

Abstract: A resin composite comprising an organophilic clay and an ionomer resin is provided. The organophilic clay is dispersed in the ionomer resin to have excellent mechanical properties. A method for producing a resin composite comprises the steps of adding an organophilic clay to an ionomer resin, melting the mixture of the clay and the ionomer resin by heating and shearing the mixture.

Abstract: An optical device employs a composite of a liquid crystalline substance and an orientation-sustaining material, such as a selected polymer, flat particles, or other material capable of sustaining the state of orientation of the liquid crystalline substance. The optical device has a memory function which is erased by the application of an electrical signal. External force for writing on the device generates local changes of the state of orientation of the liquid crystalline substance. The written display is memorized, and can be erased by the application of an electrical signal. When a two-frequency-driving liquid crystalline substance is used, the device has a long-term memory function. In this device, writing can be conducted at one frequency and erasure easily conducted at the other frequency. These optical devices can be used for light adjustment, display, and data storage.

Abstract: A composite clay material with the interlayer distance sufficiently expanded by dispersing clay mineral in a low polar polymer on a molecular level and the method for producing the same, blend material and composite clay rubber material using the same and the production method thereof.The composite clay material is formed of a clay mineral rendered compatible with an organic material through ionic bonding to an organic onium ion having 6 or more carbon number and a main guest molecule having a polar group in its main chain and side chain and molecular length equal to or larger than that of said organic onium ion. The main guest molecule is incorporated at least partially into an interlayer section of the clay mineral which has a hydrogen bonding with the polar group of the main guest molecule. The main guest molecule preferably has a molecular weight ranging from about 100 to 100000.

Abstract: A metal ion coordinated complex crystal is composed of cation of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound, anion of triiodine and metal ion. The complex crystal can be used as light-polarizing particles having a stable and strong polarizability which is resistant to ultra violet, an excellent heat resistance, excellent moisture resistance and excellent insolubility.

Abstract: Composite material with high mechanical strength and excellent high-temperature characteristics comprising a polymer matrix containing polyamide and layers of a silicate uniformly dispersed in the order of molecules in the polymer matrix, each of said silicate layers being 7 to 12 Å thick and the interlayer distance being at least 20 Å; and a process for manufacturing such composite material.