Abstract: According to one embodiment, a pattern formation method includes forming a pattern on a layer. The layer has a first surface energy and includes a silicon compound. The pattern has a second surface energy different from the first surface energy. The method includes forming a block polymer on the layer and the pattern. The method includes forming a structure selected from a lamellar structure and a cylindrical structure of the block polymer containing polymers arranged by microphase separation. The lamellar structure is oriented perpendicularly to the layer surface. The cylindrical structure is oriented so as to have an axis parallel to a normal line of the layer surface. The second surface energy is not less than a maximum value of surface energies of the polymers or not more than a minimum value of the surface energies of the polymers.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a pattern, includes forming a guide pattern including a first region having a first surface energy and a second region having a second surface energy on a to-be-processed film, the first and second regions alternately arranged in one direction, forming a block copolymer layer on the guide pattern, and causing microphase separation in the block copolymer layer, the microphase-separated structure is a lamellar block copolymer pattern.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a pattern, including forming a thermally crosslinkable molecule layer including a thermally crosslinkable molecule on a substrate, forming a photosensitive composition layer including a photosensitive composition on the thermally crosslinkable molecule layer, chemically binding the thermally crosslinkable molecule to the photosensitive composition by heating, selectively irradiating the photosensitive composition layer with energy rays, forming a block copolymer layer including a block copolymer on the photosensitive composition layer, and forming a microphase-separated structure in the block copolymer layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a pattern including forming a polymer layer on a substrate, the polymer layer including a first and second regions, selectively irradiating either of the first and second regions with energy rays or irradiating the first and second regions with energy rays under different conditions to cause a difference in surface free energy between the first and second regions, thereafter, forming a block copolymer layer on the polymer layer, and causing microphase separation in the block copolymer layer to simultaneously form first and second microphase-separated structures on the first and second regions, respectively.