Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve the transmission efficiency and reduce circuit size in error compensating techniques where bit errors occurring during transmission are compensated for by retransmission.Transmission equipment get sequence number(s) from control information and sequence numbers which follows from the sequence number which correspond to newest data packet amongst the sequence numbers, and transmits data packet corresponding to these sequence numbers at a predetermined timing. On the other hand, reception equipment receives data packet from the transmission equipment, and manages the sequence numbers of not yet received data packets. The reception equipment then sends back sequence number(s) of predetermined number, which is smaller number than the maximum number of data packets which is sent from transmission equipment at a predetermined timing, which correspond to not yet received data packet as control information for each predetermined timing.

Abstract: There is provided a pipe connector connection checking assembly in which it can surely be checked that a male connector is incompletely connected with a female connector. A connection checking member is formed with an ear portion for integrally connecting a pair of claws disposed opposingly and a portion having a low strength formed at a portion except the ear portion, and the claws of the connection checking member are inserted into holes in the female connector. When the connection checking member is pulled outward in the state in which the male connector is incompletely inserted into the female connector, the portion having a low strength is broken before the engagement of the claws is released.

Abstract: A continuous-casting operation controlling method and apparatus in which: the molten-bath level of molten steel in a mold is detected in a period of from the time point just after the start of injection of the molten steel to the time point when the molten-bath level reaches a molten-bath level for the steady-state operation; and the quantity of discharge of the molten steel is controlled appropriately on the basis of the detected molten-bath level to thereby make it possible to start drawing-out of casting automatically. The molten-bath level is measured continuously by an electrode type molten-bath level meter, so that the molten-bath level ascending rate is obtained on the basis of the change of the molten-bath level. The flow rate of the molten steel discharged from a tundish is adjusted on the basis of the deviation of the molten-bath level ascending rate from a reference rate.

Abstract: A method of producing a developing roller applicable to a developing device included in an image forming apparatus and capable of carrying a great amount of toner thereon by generating microfields. The surface of a conductive base is covered with a net constituting of conductive fibers and dielectric fibers woven together. The fibers are heated by a heater to melt with the result that conductive portions and dielectric portions appear on the surface of the developing roller.

Abstract: A developing device for an image forming apparatus and capable of maintaining desirable image quality by reducing a change in the charged state of the surface of a developing roller and a change in the amount of charge to deposit on a developer. An insulating layer constitutes the surface of the developing roller and is made of a material more than 50 percent of which constitutes a non-polar high molecule. This prevents a toner from filming the surface of the roller. The insulating layer is implemented by a material substantially the same as the toner in charge series, so that the toner is frictionally charged by a member other than the developing roller. A discharge brush is held in contact with the roller and made of a material substantially identical with the toner in charge series, thereby preventing the toner from being frictionally charged by the brush even when the toner films the roller.

Abstract: A method of producing a developing roller applicable to a developing device included in an image forming apparatus and capable of carrying a great amount of toner thereon by generating microfields. The surface of a conductive base is covered with a net constituting of conductive fibers and dielectric fibers woven together. The fibers are heated by a heater to melt with the result that conductive portions and dielectric portions appear on the surface of the developing roller.

Abstract: In an numerical control machining system, a plurality of parts on a work are cut into predetermined shapes with one cutting tool by moving back and forth the cutting tool a plurality of times for each part to be cut. When determining a tool running path, a cutting trajectory of the cutting tool for each of the parts is obtained, all the end points of the cutting trajectory which can be a tool inlet end or a tool outlet end for each of the parts are stored, the part the cutting trajectory for which has an end point which is the nearest to the tool outlet end of the cutting trajectory for one of the parts as measured along the path of movement of the tool is determined to be the part to be cut next, and said nearest end point is determined to be the tool inlet end of the cutting trajectory for the part to be cut next.