Abstract: Disclosed is an ulcer model used to practice a procedure including hemorrhage arrest, the ulcer model including a model main body which includes upper and lower surfaces facing each other and a tubular simulated blood vessel path provided between the upper surface and the lower surface and having an inlet opening and an outlet opening. The upper surface includes a ring-shaped raised surface that rises in a thickness direction of the model main body and a simulated ulcer surface that is a recessed bottom surface surrounded by the raised surface. The simulated blood vessel path extends from a part other than the upper surface of the surfaces of the model main body to the simulated ulcer surface or an area in the vicinity of the inside thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a technique that includes (a) a process chamber configured to accommodate a plurality of substrates arranged vertically, provided with a product region and a dummy region and including a main exhauster on a lateral side thereof, (b) a first injector extending vertically within the process chamber on an opposite side from the main exhauster, and configured to supply a first precursor toward the substrates accommodated in the product region and the dummy region, (c) at least one selected from the group of a second injector and a third injector, wherein the second injector supplies an assist gas for diluting the first precursor toward substrates and the third injector supplies an inert gas toward the substrates accommodated in the product region and the substrates accommodated in the dummy region; and (d) a fourth injector configured to supply an inert gas only to the dummy region.

Abstract: A developing roll for use in an image-forming apparatus using electrophotography includes a cylindrical core made of metal; an annular elastic layer made of rubber and arranged around the core; and an annular surface layer arranged around the elastic layer. The surface layer includes a central portion and end portions. The central portion is located at the center of the developing roll in the longitudinal direction, the end portions are located at opposite end portions of the developing roll in the longitudinal direction. A coefficient of kinetic friction of the outer peripheral surface of each end portion of the surface layer is less than or equal to 0.1, and a ten-point average roughness Rz of the outer peripheral surface of each end portion of the surface layer is less than or equal to 1.8 ?m.

Abstract: A vehicle control device includes a processor and memory. The memory stores relation-defining data for defining a relation between a state of a vehicle and an action variable that is a variable relating to operations of a transmission installed in the vehicle. The processor is configured to execute acquisition processing, operation processing, reward calculation processing, updating processing, counting processing, and limiting processing. The processor is configured to output the relation-defining data updated so that an expected income is increased when the transmission is operated following the relation-defining data, based on an updating map.

Abstract: A conductive roller includes: a core member including an outer surface along and about an axial line thereof; and a surface layer arranged along the outer surface of the core member. The surface layer includes a conductive portion formed of a conductive resin composition, and a surface roughness imparting material in a form of particles dispersed in the conductive portion. An average particle size of the surface roughness imparting material is in a range of 6 micrometers or greater and 10 micrometers or less. The number of particles of the surface roughness imparting material per unit area of the surface layer is in a range of 1.0×104 particles per mm2 or greater and 2.0×106 particles per mm2 or less. An average thickness of the surface layer is in a range of 3.0 micrometers or greater and 15.0 micrometers or less.

Abstract: A conductive roller includes: a core member including an outer surface along and about an axial line thereof; and a surface layer arranged along the outer surface of the core member. The surface layer includes a conductive portion, and a surface roughness imparting material in a form of particles dispersed in the conductive portion. An average particle size of the surface roughness imparting material is in a range of 6 micrometers or greater and less than 10 micrometers. The number of particles of the surface roughness imparting material per unit area of the surface layer is in a range of 3.5×105 particles per mm2 or greater and 7.5×105 particles per mm2 or less. An average thickness of the surface layer is in a range of 0.2 micrometers or greater and 5.5 micrometers or less.

Abstract: A charging roll includes a core, a rubber substrate arranged around the core, and a surface layer arranged around the rubber substrate. The surface layer includes a conductive matrix containing a base material formed of an insulator, and a conductive material dispersed in the base material, and particles of a surface roughness-imparting material dispersed in the conductive matrix. Each of the particles of the surface roughness-imparting material is formed of an insulator, is porous, and has a specific surface area of 8.7 m2/g or greater and 55 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A disclosed managing apparatus and image forming apparatus management system ensure confidentiality of information in an image forming apparatus while usability is maintained. An image forming apparatus acquires IC card identifying information with an IC card reader. A management server acquires a user ID associated with the acquired IC card identifying information and use limit information concerning use of the image forming apparatus. A process is performed in the image forming apparatus in accordance with the use limit information.

Abstract: A developing roll has a metal core, an elastic layer, and a surface layer. A value X is 65.6 N/mm3 or more and a value Y is 229 ?m or more. The value X is P1/(D1×A)?P2/(D2×A). P1 is the load to displace the roll 100 ?m when a metal probe is pressed against the roll. D1 is the displacement of the roll caused by the probe under the load P1. A is the area of the probe. P2 is the load to displace a material roll by 100 ?m when the probe presses against the material roll with the core and the elastic layer and without the surface layer. D2 is the displacement of the material roll caused by the probe under the load P2. The value Y is the displacement of the roll when the probe pierces the surface layer.

Abstract: Provided is a kneaded material including an ultraviolet absorbing agent that contains at least one compound selected from a compound represented by Formula (1) or a compound represented by Formula (2), and a polymer compound.

Abstract: A developing roll used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus has a metal core member, an elastic layer made of a rubber disposed around the core member, and a surface layer disposed around the elastic layer. The texture aspect ratio of the surface Str of the surface layer is equal to or greater than 0.55.

Abstract: Provided are a photopolymerizable composition including at least one compound selected from a compound represented by Formula (1) or a compound represented by Formula (2), a polymerizable compound, and a photopolymerization initiator, and a cured substance and an optical member which are formed of the photopolymerizable composition.

Abstract: In a disclosed plasma processing apparatus, an electrostatic chuck provided in a chamber includes a first region on which a substrate is placed and a second region on which an edge ring is placed. The first region includes a first electrode provided therein. The second region including a second electrode provided therein. A first feed line connects the first electrode and a bias power supply generating a pulse of a voltage applied to the first electrode to each other. A second feed line connects the second electrode and the bias power supply or another bias power supply generating a pulse of the voltage applied to the second electrode to each other. The second feed line includes one or more sockets and one or more feed pins. The one or more feed pins have flexibility in a radial direction thereof and are fitted into the one or more sockets.

Abstract: The optical communication system includes a transmitter including a display panel which has a curved surface and is capable of emitting light, and a transmission controller which causes the display panel to emit light representing an information signal; and a receiver including an image sensor which receives the light emitted from the display panel, and a reception controller which extracts the information signal from the light received by the image sensor. The display panel may be a transparent display panel which allows background light to pass through.

Abstract: A spacecraft including: an engine; a thrust vector control device controlling a thrust vector as a direction of a thrust acting on the spacecraft; and a main control device configured to acquire state quantities of the spacecraft in a powered descending in which the spacecraft is guided to a target point while the engine generates the thrust, and generate a throttling command by which combustion of the engine is controlled and an operation command by which the thrust vector control device is operated. The state quantities contain a first acceleration parameter and a second acceleration parameter. The first and second acceleration parameters are calculated as coefficients A and B obtained by fitting based on acceleration of the spacecraft previously detected, supposing the following equation is satisfied between a reciprocal number 1/a of the acceleration a of the spacecraft and time t: 1/a=?At+B??(1).

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a conductive resin layer that includes an insulating resin and first fillers dispersed in the insulating resin and has first and second main surfaces, and an element layer that is arranged on the first main surface and includes a semiconductor element. The first fillers are each a fibrous conductive filler. The conductive resin layer has a first surface layer section that includes the first main surface and has a thickness which is 30% of a thickness of the conductive resin layer, a second surface layer section that includes the second main surface and has a thickness which is 30% of the thickness of the conductive resin layer, and an intermediate layer section arranged between the first and second surface layer sections. First fillers have a smaller directional angle relative to the first main surface in the first surface layer section than in the intermediate layer section.

Abstract: The optical communication system includes a transmitter including a display panel which has a curved surface and is capable of emitting light, and a transmission controller which causes the display panel to emit light representing an information signal; and a receiver including an image sensor which receives the light emitted from the display panel, and a reception controller which extracts the information signal from the light received by the image sensor. The display panel may be a transparent display panel which allows background light to pass through.

Abstract: An analysis device 1 is provided with: a flow channel 12c; a suction mechanism connected to one end of the flow channel, the suction mechanism being configured to introduce a trace amount of a liquid sample L from the other end of the flow channel 12c into an inside of the flow channel 12c and hold the liquid sample L in a part of the flow channel 12c; and a measurement unit 40 configured such that a light irradiation unit 41 for irradiating the liquid sample L held by the part of the flow channel member 12 with light and a light reception unit for receiving the light from the liquid sample L are disposed around the liquid sample L. The measurement unit 40 is provided with an aperture member 46 to limit the light directed from the light irradiation unit 41 toward the liquid sample L, the aperture member 46 including an opening having an opening width L2 shorter than a liquid length L1 of the liquid sample L held by the flow channel 12c in the flow channel 12c.