Abstract: An optical fiber sensor enabling simpler detection of a state of an external environment and a measuring apparatus using the same are provided. At a front end of an optical fiber portion 20a for transmitting the light a hetero core having a different diameter from that of a core of the optical fiber portion 20a is melt bonded so as to form a tip type optical fiber sensor 9 having a sensor portion 4 comprised of the hetero core on its front end. An end of the optical fiber portion 20a side of this tip type optical fiber sensor 9 has a light source 1 connected to it. Returned light striking the optical fiber portion 20a from the light source 1 and subjected to interaction with a measurement medium MD at the sensor portion 4 is split by an optical fiber coupler 2 and received at a photodiode or spectrum analyzer 6, thereby an optical fiber sensor measuring apparatus 100 is constructed.

Abstract: A flat-panel type display is provided, in which a marginal portion of a cathode panel provided with a plurality of electron emission regions and a marginal portion of an anode panel provided with luminescent layers and an anode are bonded to each other, spacers are disposed between the cathode panel and the anode panel, and a space sandwiched between the cathode panel and the anode panel is maintained under vacuum. The spacer includes a substrate of spacer and an antistatic coating disposed on the side surface of the spacer material, wherein the antistatic coating is formed from germanium nitride containing no transition metal, the thickness of the antistatic coating is within the range of 2 nm to 20 nm, and the volume resistivity of the substrate of spacer is within the range of 5×106 ?·m to 2×108 ?·m.

Abstract: An optical amplifier apparatus capable of dealing with different wavelength bands and capable of outputting an amplified light with reduced noise for any one of the wavelength bands. In a case of amplifying a light of C-band, terminals (51,52) of an optical switch (50) are connected to each other. An incident light is amplified by a first front-end optical fiber amplifier (12) and a first back-end optical fiber amplifier (18). The amplified light passes via the terminals (51,52) and through a back-end WDM coupler (36) and goes out of the optical amplifier apparatus (1). In a case of amplifying a light of L-band, terminals (51,54) of the optical switch (50) are connected to each other, while terminals (52,53) thereof are connected to each other.

Abstract: A flat-panel display includes a cathode panel including a plurality of electron emission regions, and an anode panel including a fluorescent layer and an anode electrode, both panels being bonded together in a peripheral region and holding a vacuum space therebetween; a plurality of spacers disposed between the cathode panel and the anode panel; a high-resistance layer provided between the anode panel and each of the spacers; and a conductor layer provided on a portion of each of the spacers which contacts the cathode panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell substrate 109, a plasma cell substrate 104, a dielectric layer 103 provided between the liquid crystal cell substrate 109 and the plasma cell substrate 104, a liquid crystal layer 110 provided between the liquid crystal cell substrate 109 and the dielectric layer 103, and a plurality of plasma channels 106 provided between the dielectric layer 103 and the plasma cell substrate 104, are provided. Each of the plurality of plasma channels 106 includes a discharge gas, an anode 107 and a cathode 108, and the cathode 108 includes a cathode layer 108a made of a mixture of a conductive material and an insulative material including a glass having a lead weight percentage of 30% or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell substrate 109, a plasma cell substrate 104, a dielectric layer 103 provided between the liquid crystal cell substrate 109 and the plasma cell substrate 104, a liquid crystal layer 110 provided between the liquid crystal cell substrate 109 and the dielectric layer 103, and a plurality of plasma channels 106 provided between the dielectric layer 103 and the plasma cell substrate 104, are provided. Each of the plurality of plasma channels 106 includes a discharge gas, an anode 107 and a cathode 108, and the cathode 108 includes a cathode layer 108a made of a mixture of a conductive material and an insulative material including a glass having a lead weight percentage of 30% or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a plasma addressed electro-optical display having a side surface electrode structure. In the display, a display cell is superimposed on a plasma cell. The display cell includes an intermediate substrate, an upper substrate having columns of signal electrodes, and an electro-optical material held therebetween. The plasma cell includes a lower substrate joined to the intermediate substrate, and a plurality of rows of discharge channels formed therebetween and composed of discharge electrodes and barrier ribs.

Abstract: To improve the structure of discharge electrodes formed in a discharge panel, improve the effective screen surface rate and increase productivity, a discharge panel 2 is constituted by a pair of substrates 3 and 8 bonded together with a gap and ionizable gas sealed within the gap space. Discharge electrodes 9 having a stripe pattern are formed on the lower substrate 8 and barrier ribs 10 runnig parallel with the discharge electrodes 9 are formed on the lower substrate 8 so as to divide the gap space in such a manner as to define discharge channels 12. A part of each of the discharge electrodes 9 is covered by the corresponding barrier rib 10 whereas the remaining part thereof is exposed within the discharge channel 12.

Abstract: A plasma addressed display is intended to improve structures of electrodes and barrier ribs for stabilizing the discharge characteristics and enhancing the yield and the image quality. The plasma addressed display has a flat panel structure in which a display cell is laminated on a plasma cell. The plasma cell has discharge channels sequentially arranged along the scanning direction. The display cell is joined to the plasma cell, and it has signal electrodes sequentially arranged in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction, and liquid crystal in contact with the signal electrodes. The plasma cell has a lower substrate joined to the display cell side, pairs of anode electrodes and cathode electrodes disposed in discharge channels, and barrier ribs formed on the substrate so as to partition the discharge channels from each other.

Abstract: A plasma addressed electro-optical display which is capable of formation of amalgams in the terminal electrodes to elongate the lifetime of the plasma addressed electro-optical display.

Abstract: A plasma addressed electro-optical display is disclosed which is capable of improving current resistance of discharge electrodes disposed below cover glass to be similar to that of discharge electrodes in an effective frame and which, therefore, is enabled to be free from disconnection the reliability to be improved.

Abstract: A discharge panel (2) includes substrates (3, 8) bonded together with a gap and ionizable gas sealed within the gap. Discharge electrodes including an anode (9) and a cathode (9a) having a strip pattern are formed on the lower substrate (8) so as to divide the gap into discharge channels (12). A barrier rib (10) is disposed over each anode (9) covering one side wall of the anode (9) so that a portion is exposed to the ionizable gas in the discharge channel (12). The cathodes (9a) are free of the barrier ribs (10) and are exposed to the ionizable gas in the discharge channel (12). The elimination of barrier ribs (10) from the cathodes (9a) increases the effective display region. In an alternate embodiment, the barrier ribs (10), the anodes (9) and a cathodes (9a) are of the same width and same pitch, and provide for a simplification in the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A plasma-addressed display device comprises a first substrate having a number of first electrodes arranged alternately in parallel on a main surface, a second substrate having a number of second electrodes orthogonal with respect to the first electrodes and arranged alternately in parallel, with the second electrodes facing the first electrodes, a dielectric sheet interposed between the first and second substrates, an electro-optical substance for maintaining a space between the dielectric sheet and the first substrate and a underlying layer formed between the second substrate and the second electrodes, so that warping of the glass substrate of the plasma cell side may be suppressed and substrate discharge within the plasma cell may be controlled.

Abstract: A plasma-addressed display device comprises a first substrate having a number of first electrodes arranged alternately in parallel on a main surface, a second substrate having a number of second electrodes orthogonal with respect to the first electrodes and arranged alternately in parallel, with the second electrodes facing the first electrodes, a dielectric sheet interposed between the first and second substrates, an electro-optical substance for maintaining a space between the dielectric sheet and the first substrate and a underlying layer formed between the second substrate and the second electrodes, so that warping of the glass substrate of the plasma cell side may be suppressed and substrate discharge within the plasma cell may be controlled.

Abstract: A discharge chamber wherein incomplete discharge arising from a discharge electrode surface condition is suppressed and a manufacturing method for the discharge chamber are disclosed. The discharge chamber includes a first substrate, a plurality of discharge electrodes formed on a surface of the first substrate by printing and baking, a second substrate adhered to the first substrate with a predetermined gap left therebetween, and ionizable gas enclosed in the gap. The discharge electrodes have clean surfaces from which insulating substances have been removed, and have a uniform composition in a horizontal direction and a depthwise direction. A plurality of barrier ribs are formed between the first and second substrates by printing and baking such that they overlap partially with the discharge electrodes. Insulating substances which make an obstacle to plasma discharge have been removed from exposed portions of the discharge electrodes at which the discharge electrodes are not covered with the barrier ribs.

Abstract: An alloy tool of hard metal has a working part and a non-working part. The working part is made of a hard metal containing carbide of at least a metal selected from a group of elements belonging to the groups IVa, Va and VIa of the periodic table as a basis metal of the hard phase and an iron family metal as a basis metal of the binder phase. The working part includes a region for working a work piece. The non-working part is made of a hard metal containing carbide of at least a metal selected from a group of elements belonging to the groups IVa, Va and VIa of the periodic table as a basis metal of the hard phase of the non-working part and of an iron family metal as a basis metal of the binder phase of the non-working part. A diffused junction between the working and non-working parts bonds the two parts together.

Abstract: A sintered hard metal having superior toughness and superior hardness may be used for micro-drills, tools and wear resistant parts. The metal is a cemented carbide WC formed from tungsten carbide WC as the base alloy and containing 4 to 20 percent by weight of vanadium carbide VC or zirconium nitride. Its micro-structure is that the WC or WC-VC particles are 0.6.mu. or less, its Rockwell Hardness HRA is at least 91.5 and its transverse rupture strength is at least 350 kg/mm.sup.2.