Abstract: An actuated film display device comprises a first fixed electrode, a first movable film electrode, which is placed to face the first fixed electrode to form a first optical path on an opposing side to the first fixed electrode, and which has a fixed end and a movable end, the movable end being displaced toward the first fixed electrode by application of a first potential difference between the first fixed electrode and the first movable film electrode, thereby shutting off the first optical path, a second fixed electrode placed at a predetermined distance from the first fixed electrode, and a second movable film electrode, which is placed to face the second fixed electrode to form a second optical path on an opposing side to the second fixed electrode, which has a fixed end and a movable end, the movable end being displaced toward the second fixed electrode by application of a second potential difference between the second fixed electrode and the second movable film electrode, thereby shutting off the second

Abstract: An actuated film display device comprises a first fixed electrode, a first movable film electrode, which is placed to face the first fixed electrode to form a first optical path on an opposing side to the first fixed electrode, and which has a fixed end and a movable end, the movable end being displaced toward the first fixed electrode by application of a first potential difference between the first fixed electrode and the first movable film electrode, thereby shutting off the first optical path, a second fixed electrode placed at a predetermined distance from the first fixed electrode, and a second movable film electrode, which is placed to face the second fixed electrode to form a second optical path on an opposing side to the second fixed electrode, which has a fixed end and a movable end, the movable end being displaced toward the second fixed electrode by application of a second potential difference between the second fixed electrode and the second movable film electrode, thereby shutting off the second

Abstract: A moving-film display device includes a moving-film having fixed and movable ends, and a stationary body having a counter face that is shaped more distant from the moving-film as a position of the counter face shifts from the fixed end side to the movable end side. A colored portion is disposed at the movable end of the moving-film. An auxiliary electrode is disposed on the moving-film between the fixed end and the movable end. A scanning electrode and holding electrode are disposed on the counter face to face the auxiliary electrode on the fixed end side and movable end side, respectively. A signal line is electrically connected to the holding electrode to supply an image signal. A drive section is configured to control voltages to be supplied to the auxiliary electrode, the scanning electrode, and the holding electrode.

Abstract: A parking assistance apparatus for assisting a driver to once stop a vehicle at a predetermined reference position where the driver can view a target parking position in a lateral direction of the vehicle and then to perform parking operation from the reference position to the target parking position. The parking assistance apparatus includes: a camera being installed on the front of the vehicle and configured to capture an image from a side of the vehicle; an image display unit installed in a cabin of the vehicle and configured to display the image captured by the camera; and an image information control unit configured to control image information on the image display unit and to superimpose indicators to guide the vehicle to the reference position on the image.

Abstract: In a reflective film display device, a platform has a covered stationary electrode mounted thereon, which holds a plurality of movable cantilevers in substantially a plane, and fixing a wiring board. The platform includes an aligning slit for accurately connecting a conducting line on the wiring board to the stationary electrode and to the movable cantilever that can be elastically bent and a through-hole for aligning the position of the platform with another platform. The cantilever having a tab at its free end is electrically separated from the stationary electrode on the platform and a gap is provided between the free end of the cantilever and the stationary electrode. A plurality of platforms are stacked one upon the other by utilizing the through-holes of the platforms so as to allow the tabs to be arranged to form a grid.

Abstract: In a moving-film display device, each pixel includes a moving film electrode capable of bending and a counter electrode. The display color of each pixel is determined when the moving film electrode bends by a potential difference between the moving film electrode and the counter electrode. The moving film electrode is connected to a signal line via a TFT. The TFT is turned on/off by an address line. A controller keeps the TFT ON until the potential of the moving film electrode becomes substantially equal to a signal potential, and turns off the TFT before the moving film electrode comes closest to the counter electrode.

Abstract: An actuated film display device comprises a first fixed electrode, a first movable film electrode, which is placed to face the first fixed electrode to form a first optical path on an opposing side to the first fixed electrode, and which has a fixed end and a movable end, the movable end being displaced toward the first fixed electrode by application of a first potential difference between the first fixed electrode and the first movable film electrode, thereby shutting off the first optical path, a second fixed electrode placed at a predetermined distance from the first fixed electrode, and a second movable film electrode, which is placed to face the second fixed electrode to form a second optical path on an opposing side to the second fixed electrode, which has a fixed end and a movable end, the movable end being displaced toward the second fixed electrode by application of a second potential difference between the second fixed electrode and the second movable film electrode, thereby shutting off the second

Abstract: This channel switching apparatus comprises a first channel switching device (303) for switching a first main channel and a second main channel, a second channel switching device (305) for switching a third main channel and a fourth main channel, a third channel switching device (307) for switching a fifth main channel and a sixth main channel, and a fourth channel switching device (308) for switching a seventh main channel and an eighth main channel. Thus, a channel switching apparatus which can readily and correctly perform even by touch can be provided.

Abstract: In a reflective film display device, a platform has a covered stationary electrode mounted thereon, which holds a plurality of movable cantilevers in substantially a plane, and fixing a wiring board. The platform includes an aligning slit for accurately connecting a conducting line on the wiring board to the stationary electrode and to the movable cantilever that can be elastically bent and a through-hole for aligning the position of the platform with another platform. The cantilever having a tab at its free end is electrically separated from the stationary electrode on the platform and a gap is provided between the free end of the cantilever and the stationary electrode. A plurality of platforms are stacked one upon the other by utilizing the through-holes of the platforms so as to allow the tabs to be arranged to form a grid.

Abstract: In a moving-film display device, each pixel includes a moving film electrode capable of bending and a counter electrode. The display color of each pixel is determined when the moving film electrode bends by a potential difference between the moving film electrode and the counter electrode. The moving film electrode is connected to a signal line via a TFT. The TFT is turned on/off by an address line. A controller keeps the TFT ON until the potential of the moving film electrode becomes substantially equal to a signal potential, and turns off the TFT before the moving film electrode comes closest to the counter electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes a light guiding fixed electrode portion formed of a transparent material for guiding light incident from an exterior to the surface portion having a transparent conductive layer and then emitting the light, a flexible conductive light shielding plate arranged to face the transparent conductive layer of the light guiding fixed electrode portion and having one end fixed to pass the emitted light therethrough, and an electrostatic force generating circuit for applying a potential difference between the conductive light shielding plate and the transparent conductive layer to generate electrostatic force between the transparent conductive layer and the conductive light shielding plate, wherein the conductive light shielding plate is displaced according to the electrostatic force with one end thereof set as an axis to shield the surface portion of the light guiding fixed electrode portion when the potential difference is applied between the conductive light shielding plate and the transpar

Abstract: An actuatable film type display device has a plurality of actuatable films. Each of the actuatable films is colored in a desired color and is put in or out of a gap between two white plates of adjacent pixels according to the driving control. The actuatable film is supported by a cantilever. An electrode (actuatable electrode) is attached to the cantilever. Further, two fixed electrodes are disposed to sandwich the cantilever. The actuatable electrode is moved closer to one of the fixed electrodes by a potential applied to the electrode on the cantilever, that is, the actuatable electrode and potentials applied to the fixed electrodes. The actuatable film, white plate, cantilever, and fixed electrodes are combined to constitute one pixel. A plurality of pixels thus formed are arranged in a matrix form to constitute a dot matrix display device.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, a plurality of switching elements formed on a face of the first substrate, which is opposite to the second substrate, a common electrode formed on a face of the second substrate, the face being opposite to the first substrate, a plurality of liquid crystal layers stacked on the second substrate to hold the common electrode between the layers and the second substrate, and arranged between the first and second substrates a plurality of projection electrodes selectively formed on the liquid crystal layers and a plurality of pixel electrode each formed on a corresponding one of the liquid crystal layers. The pixel electrodes respectively formed between a corresponding couple of the liquid crystal layers are connected to a corresponding one of the switching elements formed on the first substrate through one or several of the protrusion electrode/electrodes.

Abstract: White opaque fixed films in a fixed section are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. On each fixed film, a cyan transparent film, a magenta transparent film, and a yellow transparent film that constitute a pixel are placed. By electrostatic force, these transparent films are driven and placed under the fixed film of an adjacent pixel, thereby controlling the color of the pixel. To generate electrostatic force, the fixed film and transparent film are provided with electrodes and an insulating film is inserted between these two films. The consecutive reversing of the polarity of both electrodes enables the transparent film to move in parallel with the fixed section. To achieve half tone display and no power consumption in displaying a still picture, an electrostatic mechanical latch mechanism that stops the film still in motion is employed.

Abstract: In a thin-film transistor 171, in order to sufficiently suppress an optical leakage current Ioff, thereby achieving a high ON/OFF current ratio, at least one of shortest distances between an arbitrary intersection of an outline of a gate electrode 131 and an outline of a drain electrode 141 and an intersection of the outline of the gate electrode 131 and an outline of a source electrode 151 is formed to be larger than the shortest distance between a portion of the outline of the gate electrode 131 overlapping the drain electrode 141 and another portion thereof overlapping the source electrode 151.

Abstract: This invention is a liquid crystal display device including a reflecting plate formed above a substrate, and a liquid crystal cell formed by alternately, repeatedly stacking a liquid crystal layer and a transparent electrode layer at least once on the reflecting plate, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a thin film constituted by a microcapsulated guest-host liquid crystal containing dye molecules and liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: An object of the technology of our invention is to solve a luminance defect viewed as a "seam" or the like and to provide a liquid crystal display device having a screen for equally displaying an image. For example, when an exposing process is performed for one conductor layer or a dielectric layer, a total of four photomasks are used corresponding to four shot areas. A light insulation layer of a photomask used for the exposing process for patterning for example a signal line is formed so that it becomes a projection pattern of the signal line. The photomasks corresponding to adjacent shot areas are formed so that patterns of the light insulation layers of the boundary portion are engaged with each other on the plane.

Abstract: A novel display device suitable as a portable display device is disclosed. The device includes a pair of substrates and a light modulation layer sandwiched between the substrates. A functional gel is adapted to be deformed by an electric field applied between a pair of electrodes interposed between the substrates, thereby regulating the light incident on the light modulation layer. A high contrast, a high reflectance and a high light utilization are achieved without regard to the angle of visibility.

Abstract: A wire for electric railways comprises a copper alloy which consists essentially, by weight percent, of 0.1 to 1.0% Cr, 0.01 to 0.3% Zr, 0.05 to 0.15% Sn, and 10 ppm or less O, and if required, further contains 0.01 to 0.1% Si, or 0.01 to 0.1% Si and 0.001 to 0.05% Mg, with the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: An object of the technology of our invention is to solve a luminance defect viewed as a "seam" or the like and to provide a liquid crystal display device having a screen for equally displaying an image. For example, when an exposing process is performed for one conductor layer or a dielectric layer, a total of four photomasks are used corresponding to four shot areas. A light insulation layer of a photomask used for the exposing process for patterning for example a signal line is formed so that it becomes a projection pattern of the signal line. The photomasks corresponding to adjacent shot areas are formed so that patterns of the light insulation layers of the boundary portion are engaged with each other on the plane.