Abstract: A polymer compound having a monosaccharide or an oligosaccharide residue, or an amino acid or peptide residue bound to a monosaccharide or an oligosaccharide residue bound to a side chain of a water-soluble polymer through a linker containing a selectively cleavable bond, the water-soluble polymer containing 20 to 80 mol % of (meth)acrylic acid residue.

Abstract: A lighting system for a vehicle includes a lamp and a deciding circuit to detect the number of abnormal light emitting elements or the abnormal elements in the lamp. The deciding circuit may be connected to a disconnection detecting circuit by one signal line to detect an abnormality of a particular one light emitting element, wherein the disconnection detecting circuit is adapted to provide to the signal line a potential corresponding to the particular light emitting element whose disconnection is detected and the deciding circuit is adapted to identify the abnormal light emitting element on the basis of the potential of the signal line.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical switch for making part of incident light, which has been made incident on an optical waveguide, selectively emergent to a light emergence portion provided outside the optical waveguide. The optical switch includes a liquid crystal device for selective emergence of the incident light. An arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device is set such that letting ?n be a difference between a refractive index no of the optical waveguide and a refractive index n1 of the arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device, “d” be a thickness of the arbitrary layer, and ? be a wavelength of the incident light, the values of ?n, “d”, and ? satisfy a condition of 2.20×10?3?|?n·d·??1|?3.03×10?3. With this optical switch, the uniformity of a light emergence efficiency can be easily realized by making use of a small change region in which the light emergence efficiency is not largely varied. The present invention also provides a display unit using the optical switches.

Abstract: Such a structure is to be provided in that in the case where a material, such as a protective film, is coated on a fine particle accumulated layer, such as a photonic crystal, penetration of the material into gaps among the fine particles is suppressed, whereby the mechanical strength against bending stress and tensile stress is improved, and peeling and breakage of the fine particle accumulated layer are suppressed, without adverse affect on the optical characteristics, such as reflection characteristics.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for acquiring physical information, method for manufacturing semiconductor device including array of a plurality of unit components for detecting physical quantity distribution, light-receiving device and manufacturing method therefor, and solid-state imaging device and manufacturing method therefore are provided. The method for acquiring physical information uses a device for detecting a physical distribution, the device including a detecting part for detecting an electromagnetic wave and a unit signal generating part for generating a corresponding unit signal on the basis of the quantity of the detected electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A processing agent for synthetic fibers contains four specified kinds of components (Components A, B, C and D) each by a specified amount and also by a specified total amount so as to have improved characteristics of preventing occurrence of fluffs. yard breaking and uneven dyeing when applied to synthetic fibers at a specified rate.

Abstract: A projection screen comprises a red-reflecting particle layer, green-reflecting particle layer and blue-reflecting particle layer sequentially stacked on a substrate. In each particle layer particles are accumulated by eleven cycles in a regularly alignment such as close-packed structure. Diameter of red-reflecting particles is approximately 280 nm, diameter of green-reflecting particles is approximately 235 nm, and diameter of blue-reflecting particles is approximately 212 nm. Each particles layer is accumulated by self-organized technique. The substrate used here can absorb light of wavelengths other than those of red, green and blue three primary colors.

Abstract: A projecting direction control system for a vehicle lighting device is provided with height detecting means for detecting variation in the height of a front-wheel or a rear-wheel axle portion, auxiliary detection means for accurately controlling the direction of an optical axis of projection light for a vehicle headlamp in response to vehicle load variation, and light projection control means for controlling the optical axis of light in response to variation in the vehicle posture according to the information obtained by the height detecting means and the auxiliary detection means. When the auxiliary detection means such as a seat sensor becomes in abnormal condition, the direction of the optical axis of light is controlled so as to be tilted downward from the direction of the optical axis of projection light with the auxiliary detection means remaining in a normal condition.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a developer container containing a developer and a developer carrying member for carrying the developer and adapted to switch an AC voltage to be applied to the developer carrying member, the apparatus comprising a detecting member for detecting the amount of developer in the developer container and a processing portion for determining the amount of developer in the developer container according to the value output by the detecting member when the AC voltage is applied to the developer carrying member, the processing portion being adapted to determine the amount of developer by executing a process that corresponds to the operation of switching the AC voltage.

Abstract: A auto-leveling system for vehicle headlamp comprises a headlamp an optical axis L of which is tilted vertically by a drive of a motor, a control unit 16 for controlling the drive of the motor 10, a vehicle pitch angle sensing means 14, and a headlamp lighting switch 11, whereby the control unit 16 controls the drive of the motor 10 based on a sensed pitch angle such that the optical axis of the headlamp is always set to a predetermined tilted state with respect to a road surface when the headlamp lighting switch is in an ON state, wherein the system has a daytime running light lighting deciding function, and the control unit 16 controls the drive of the motor 10 so as to fix the optical axis L of the headlamp at a frontal lower limit position when the headlamp lighting switch 11 is in an OFF state and a daytime running light is turned on. Thus, the drive of the motor 10 in a daytime running is eliminated and a load applied to the motor 10 is reduced.

Abstract: To enable an imaging apparatus to achieve high resolution and sufficient color reproducibility. A diffraction grating 1 is provided on the incident light side of a spectral image sensor 10, the diffraction grating 1 including scatterers such as scatterers 3, slits 5, and scatterers 7 which are disposed in that order. An electromagnetic wave is scattered by the scatterers to produce diffracted waves, and by using the fact that interference patterns between the diffracted waves change with wavelengths, signals are detected for respective wavelengths by photoelectric conversion elements 12B, 12G, and 12R in each photodiode group 12.

Abstract: A projection screen comprises a red-reflecting particle layer, green-reflecting particle layer and blue-reflecting particle layer sequentially stacked on a substrate. In each particle layer, particles are accumulated by eleven cycles in a regularly alignment such as close packed structure. Diameter of red reflecting particles is approximately 280 nm, diameter of green-reflecting particles is approximately 235 nm, and diameter of blue-reflecting particles is approximately 212 nm. Each particles layer is accumulated by self-organized technique. The substrate used here can absorb light of wavelengths other than those of red, green and blue three primary colors.

Abstract: A sugar chain synthesizer comprising one or more reaction columns packed with immobilized glycosyltransferase and/or glycosidase; one or more separation means, arranged downstream from the reaction columns, for separating reaction products, unreaction products and byproducts contained in the solution eluted from the reaction columns; a first pump for feeding a primer of water soluble polymer and buffer solution to the reaction columns through a first selector valve; a second pump for feeding a buffer solution and sugar nucleotide solution to any one of the reaction columns through a second selector valve; one or more circulation flow paths connecting between a flow path downstream from the separation means and a flow path upstream from each of the reaction columns; and a third selector valve, arranged between the separation means and one or more circulation flow paths, for selective connection between the separation means and a desired circulation flow path.

Abstract: A projection screen comprises a red-reflecting particle layer, green-reflecting particle layer and blue-reflecting particle layer sequentially stacked on a substrate. In each particle layer, particles are accumulated by eleven cycles in a regularly alignment such as close-packed structure. Diameter of red-reflecting particles is approximately 280 nm, diameter of green-reflecting particles is approximately 235 nm, and diameter of blue-reflecting particles is approximately 212 nm. Each particles layer is accumulated by self-organized technique. The substrate used here can absorb light of wavelengths other than those of red, green and blue three primary colors.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical switch for making part of incident light, which has been made incident on an optical waveguide, selectively emergent to a light emergence portion provided outside the optical waveguide. The optical switch includes a liquid crystal device for selective emergence of the incident light. An arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device is set such that letting ?n be a difference between a refractive index no of the optical waveguide and a refractive index n1 of the arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device, “d” be a thickness of the arbitrary layer, and ? be a wavelength of the incident light, the values of ?n, “d”, and ? satisfy a condition of 2.20×10?3?|?n·d·??1|?3.03×10?3. With this optical switch, the uniformity of a light emergence efficiency can be easily realized by making use of a small change region in which the light emergence efficiency is not largely varied. The present invention also provides a display unit using the optical switches.

Abstract: A projection screen comprises a red-reflecting particle layer, green-reflecting particle layer and blue-reflecting particle layer sequentially stacked on a substrate. In each particle layer particles are accumulated by eleven cycles in a regularly alignment such as close-packed structure. Diameter of red-reflecting particles is approximately 280 nm, diameter of green-reflecting particles is approximately 235 nm, and diameter of blue-reflecting particles is approximately 212 nm. Each particles layer is accumulated by self-organized technique. The substrate used here can absorb light of wavelengths other than those of red, green and blue three primary colors.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus group including a plurality of kinds of image forming apparatuses different in their process speeds, and a cartridge which can be commonly used in a plurality of kinds of image forming apparatuses, when there is provided a cartridge which can be detachably mountable to both a first image forming apparatus and a second image forming apparatus different in their process speeds from the first image forming apparatus, an control operation is carried out such that a difference between a peak-to-peak voltage of an A.C. voltage in a first image forming apparatus main body and a peak-to-peak voltage of an A.C. voltage in a second image forming apparatus main body varies with an increase in amount of used toners in the cartridge. Even when use of the cartridge is changed between the image forming apparatuses in the middle of being used, an image density level of an output image can be maintained nearly constant.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical switch for making part of incident light, which has been made incident on an optical waveguide, selectively emergent to a light emergence portion provided outside the optical waveguide. The optical switch includes a liquid crystal device for selective emergence of the incident light. An arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device is set such that letting ?n be a difference between a refractive index n0 of the optical waveguide and a refractive index n1 of the arbitrary layer of the liquid crystal device, “d” be a thickness of the arbitrary layer, and ? be a wavelength of the incident light, the values of ?n, “d”, and ? satisfy a condition of 2.20×10?3?|?n·d·??1|?3.03×10?3. With this optical switch, the uniformity of a light emergence efficiency can be easily realized by making use of a small change region in which the light emergence efficiency is not largely varied. The present invention also provides a display unit using the optical switches.

Abstract: An information receiving/display apparatus, which can receive and display third sensory information such as tactual information or olfactory information in addition to visual and/or audio information. A number of image display optical fibers and tactual representation fibers both having cores made of a liquid are arranged in alignment, and a number of image display control signal lines and tactual representation control signal lines made of piezoelectric element are aligned across the fibers, thereby to form the information receiving/display apparatus.

Abstract: An irradiating direction control device 1 of a lamp 7 for a vehicle carries out an operation for a vehicle attitude based on detection information obtained by vehicle height detecting means 2 and changes the irradiating direction of the lamp according to the vehicle attitude. Nonvolatile storage means 4 is caused to store data indicate of an actual vehicle height value in the reference state of the vehicle attitude or a difference between the actual vehicle height value and a vehicle height value for a vehicle design, thereby calculating the tilt of the vehicle attitude based on vehicle height data corrected by the stored data at time of irradiation control and controlling the irradiating direction of the lamp correspondingly.