Abstract: Processes for upgrading resid hydrocarbon feeds are disclosed. The upgrading processes may include: hydrocracking a resid in a first reaction stage to form a first stage effluent; hydrocracking a deasphalted oil fraction in a second reaction stage to form a second stage effluent; fractionating the first stage effluent and the second stage effluent to recover at least one distillate hydrocarbon fraction and a resid hydrocarbon fraction; feeding the resid hydrocarbon fraction to a solvent deasphalting unit to provide an asphaltene fraction and the deasphalted oil fraction.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, storing a plurality of key value pairs may be accomplished by first, for each of two or more quantities of most significant bits, determining how much overall memory usage will be saved upon removal of the corresponding quantity of most significant bits from each key in the plurality of key value pairs. Then, for the quantity of most significant bits determined to have the most overall memory usage savings, the quantity of most significant bits may be removed from each key in the plurality of key value pairs. Then a first auxiliary data structure may be formed, wherein the first auxiliary data structure contains the removed quantity of most significant bits from each key in the plurality of key value pairs and pointers to the remaining bits of each key of the plurality of keys in a primary data structure.

Abstract: A hydroconversion process is disclosed, including contacting of hydrogen and a residuum hydrocarbon with a pre-conditioned and at least partially sulfided hydroconversion catalyst for converting at least a portion of the residuum hydrocarbon into at least one of a hydrotreated product and a hydrocracked product.

Abstract: Processes for upgrading resid hydrocarbon feeds are disclosed. The upgrading processes may include: hydrocracking a resid in a first reaction stage to form a first stage effluent; hydrocracking a deasphalted oil fraction in a second reaction stage to form a second stage effluent; fractionating the first stage effluent and the second stage effluent to recover at least one distillate hydrocarbon fraction and a resid hydrocarbon fraction; feeding the resid hydrocarbon fraction to a solvent deasphalting unit to provide an asphaltene fraction and the deasphalted oil fraction.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and/or computer program product manage a request for a message destination. A request to create a new temporary destination at a receiving computer is intercepted, and generation of the new temporary destination is suppressed. A pre-defined destination that is operable to store the message instead of the new temporary destination is selected. An identifier, which is assigned to the new temporary destination, is associated with the pre-defined destination.

Abstract: In a crystal growth method, a seed crystal 8 and a source material 4 are provided in spaced relation inside of a growth crucible 6. Starting conditions for the growth of a crystal 14 in the growth crucible 6 are then established therein. The starting conditions include: a suitable gas inside the growth crucible 6, a suitable pressure of the gas inside the growth crucible 6, and a suitable temperature in the growth crucible 6 that causes the source material 4 to sublimate and be transported via a temperature gradient in the growth crucible 6 to the seed crystal 8 where the sublimated source material precipitates. During growth of the crystal 14 inside the growth crucible 6, at least one of the following growth conditions are intermittently changed inside the growth crucible 6 a plurality of times: the gas in the growth crucible 6, the pressure of the gas in the growth crucible 6, and the temperature in the growth crucible 6.

Abstract: The instant invention comprises a hydroprocessing method having at least two stages. The first stage employs a hydroprocessing catalyst which may contain hydrotreating catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst, or a combination of both. The subsequent stage is limited to hydrocracking. Conversion in subsequent stages may be improved by the addition of multiple reaction zones for hydrocracking, with flash separation zones between the stages. Middle distillate yield is thereby increased and the volume of the recycle stream is reduced. This invention reduces the need for equipment which would normally be required for a large recycle stream.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, storing a plurality of key value pairs may be accomplished by first, for each of two or more quantities of most significant bits, determining how much overall memory usage will be saved upon removal of the corresponding quantity of most significant bits from each key in the plurality of key value pairs. Then, for the quantity of most significant bits determined to have the most overall memory usage savings, the quantity of most significant bits may be removed from each key in the plurality of key value pairs. Then a first auxiliary data structure may be formed, wherein the first auxiliary data structure contains the removed quantity of most significant bits from each key in the plurality of key value pairs and pointers to the remaining bits of each key of the plurality of keys in a primary data structure.

Abstract: The instant invention comprises a hydroprocessing method having at least two stages. The first stage employs a hydroprocessing catalyst which may contain hydrotreating catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst, or a combination of both. The subsequent stage is limited to hydrocracking. Conversion in subsequent stages may be improved by the addition of multiple reaction zones for hydrocracking, with flash separation zones between the stages. Middle distillate yield is thereby increased and the volume of the recycle stream is reduced. This invention reduces the need for equipment which would normally be required for a large recycle stream.

Abstract: In a crystal growth method, an enclosed growth crucible is provided inside of a growth chamber. The growth crucible has polycrystalline source material and a seed crystal disposed in spaced relation therein. The interior of the growth crucible is heated whereupon a temperature gradient forms between the source material and the seed crystal. The temperature gradient is sufficient to cause the source material to sublimate and be transported to the seed crystal where it precipitates on the seed crystal. A gas mixture is caused to flow into the growth crucible and between the polycrystalline source material and an interior surface of the growth crucible. The gas mixture reacts with an unwanted element in the body of the growth crucible to form a gaseous byproduct which then flows through the body of the growth crucible to the exterior of the growth crucible.

Abstract: In a physical vapor transport method and system, a growth chamber charged with source material and a seed crystal in spaced relation is provided. At least one capsule having at least one capillary extending between an interior thereof and an exterior thereof, wherein the interior of the capsule is charged with a dopant, is also provided. Each capsule is installed in the growth chamber. Through a growth reaction carried out in the growth chamber following installation of each capsule therein, a crystal is formed on the seed crystal using the source material, wherein the formed crystal is doped with the dopant.

Abstract: The instant invention comprises a hydroprocessing method having at least two stages. The first stage employs a hydroprocessing catalyst which may contain hydrotreating catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst, or a combination of both. The subsequent stage is limited to hydrocracking. Conversion in subsequent stages may be improved by the addition of multiple reaction zones for hydrocracking, with flash separation zones between the stages. Middle distillate yield is thereby increased and the volume of the recycle stream is reduced. This invention reduces the need for equipment which would normally be required for a large recycle stream.

Abstract: A fixed particle bed in a vessel wherein the bed is a structured bed in a plurality of flow channels with the cross-section of the bed in each channel being from 1 to 20 particles, more preferably 1 to 10 particles.

Abstract: Disclosed are both an apparatus and method for the radiation-augmented electrolytic production of alkali metal hydroxide, molecular halogen, and hydrogen.Reduction of electrical energy requirements is achieved by using radiation to activate photo-sensitive metallic hexahalide ions, which reduces the electrolysis electrode potential. By utilizing radiation-augmented electrolysis, the conventional halogen oxidation reaction is replaced by oxidation of a metallic hexahalide, which occurs at a lower overvoltage and smaller reversible cell potential. Radiant energy thus replaces electrical energy for the production of alkali metal hydroxide, molecular halogen, and hydrogen. Since the action of radiation on the oxidized form of the metallic hexahalide, in the presence of a concentrated halide ion, leads to the production of free halogen gas, the net products are not modified by use of the metallic hexahalide, but the energy requirement of the process is reduced.

Abstract: In the two stage liquefaction of a carbonaceous solid such as coal wherein coal is liquefied in a first stage in the presence of a liquefaction solvent and the first stage effluent is hydrogenated in the presence of a supported hydrogenation catalyst in a second stage, catalyst which has been previously employed in the second stage and comminuted to a particle size distribution equivalent to 100% passing through U.S. 100 Mesh, is passed to the first stage to improve the overall operation.

Abstract: In a process for producing distillates from coal by a first stage thermal liquefaction followed by a catalytic hydrogenation, liquefaction solvent is added at points spaced over the length of the thermal liquefaction heater.Coal may be co-processed with petroleum oil by adding pre-hydrogenated oil to the first stage or unhydrogenated oil to the second stage.

Abstract: Impure sugar solution having a pH of 2 - 6.5 is decolorized by passing the same through a weakly basic anion exchanger having tertiary amine functionality and operated over a hydroxyl form.