Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of improving the sensitivity of sensing ketones that includes providing i) a ketone sensing electrode comprising a ketone-responsive enzyme and a redox mediator; and ii) a background sensing electrode comprising a redox mediator and no ketone-responsive enzyme and applying a potential less than +40 mV to provide a steady state. The ketone sensing electrode and background sensing electrode can be simultaneously or sequentially disconnected from the circuit to allow the charge to accumulate for a set period of time. After sufficient charge has been built up, both electrodes can be reconnected to the circuit. The ketone signal can be measured by subtracting a signal obtained from the background sensing electrode from a signal obtained from the ketone sensing electrode. The present disclosure further relates to a ketone sensor comprising a first sensing electrode that senses ketone and a second sensing electrode that senses the background.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides analyte sensors comprising a sensing layer disposed upon a surface of a first working electrode, wherein the sensing layer comprises an NAD(P)-dependent enzyme and a supply of NAD(P); and a multilayered membrane that overcoats at least a part of the sensing layer and is permeable to an analyte, wherein the membrane comprises at least one layer of negatively charged polymer. The present disclosure also provides methods of using such analyte sensors for detecting one or more analytes preset in a biological sample and methods of manufacturing the analyte sensors.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides analyte sensors comprising a first working electrode, a sensing layer disposed upon a surface of the first working electrode, and a highly permeable membrane that overcoats at least a part of the sensing layer and that is permeable to an analyte, wherein the highly permeable membrane comprises a copolymer of poly(N-vinylimidazole) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and wherein the analyte sensor shows a sensitivity of at least 100 nA/mM to the analyte. The present disclosure also provides methods of using such analyte sensors for detecting one or more analytes preset in a biological sample and methods of manufacturing the analyte sensors.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a creatinine sensor comprising a first working electrode, a creatinine sensing layer on the first working electrode comprising a redox mediator, creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase, and sarcosine oxidase, and a hydrophilic polyurethane membrane overcoating the creatinine sensing layer. The creatinine sensor can further comprise a background sensing electrode that does not detect creatinine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to analyte sensors for use in detecting the concentration of potassium ions in a biological fluid and methods of using the sensors.

Abstract: A lactate-responsive enzyme may form the basis for lactate detection and quantification using an electrochemical analyte sensor. Various features may be incorporated within an analyte sensor containing a lactate-responsive enzyme, particularly lactate oxidase, to improve sensitivity and response stability of the analyte sensor. Such analyte sensors may comprise: a working electrode having an active area disposed thereon, and a mass transport limiting membrane overcoating at least the active area upon the working electrode. The active area comprises at least a polymer, an albumin, and a lactate-responsive enzyme that is covalently bonded to the polymer. The mass transport limiting membrane may comprise at least a crosslinked polyvinylpyridine homopolymer or copolymer. The analyte sensors may determine a lactate concentration in a biological fluid, particularly in vivo, which may be correlated to various physiological conditions.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: Medical devices configured for in vivo assays of one or more analytes can sometimes be problematic if left inserted in a tissue, such as skin, for an extended time. Certain medical device surface profiles may aid in alleviating this issue. Accordingly, medical devices may comprise a base surface having a tissue-facing surface profile defined thereon, and a sensor extending through the base surface and at least a portion of the tissue-facing surface profile. The tissue-facing surface profile deviates from the base surface, and the tissue-facing surface profile is also configured to undergo a change in shape, hardness, or a combination thereof after contacting a tissue for a length of time. A dynamic material may be present in at least a portion of the tissue-facing surface profile.

Abstract: Compositions of matter, methods, devices, systems and apparatus for detecting analytes are disclosed including, for example, protein switches and their use in an in vivo sensor. The protein switch can be used to determine a level of an analyte that is diagnostic for health and/or well-being of a subject.

Abstract: In vivo monitoring devices and systems for enzymes and/or analytes including devices having a reactant reservoir are provided.

Abstract: In vivo monitoring devices and systems for enzymes and/or analytes including devices having a reactant reservoir are provided.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor, the sensor including a reference electrode and a working electrode including an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, where the method includes: providing the working electrode to the analyte; accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator; measuring a potential drift of the working electrode relative to the reference electrode over a period of time, and correlating a rate of the potential drift to a concentration of the analyte.

Abstract: A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor having a working electrode, the method includes providing the working electrode with an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, providing the working electrode to the analyte, accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator for a set period of time, connecting the working electrode to circuit after the set period of time, and measuring the signal from the accumulated charge.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: A lactate-responsive enzyme may form the basis for lactate detection and quantification using an electrochemical analyte sensor. Various features may be incorporated within an analyte sensor containing a lactate-responsive enzyme, particularly lactate oxidase, to improve sensitivity and response stability of the analyte sensor. Such analyte sensors may comprise: a working electrode having an active area disposed thereon, and a mass transport limiting membrane overcoating at least the active area upon the working electrode. The active area comprises at least a polymer, an albumin, and a lactate-responsive enzyme that is covalently bonded to the polymer. The mass transport limiting membrane may comprise at least a crosslinked polyvinylpyridine homopolymer or copolymer. The analyte sensors may determine a lactate concentration in a biological fluid, particularly in vivo, which may be correlated to various physiological conditions.

Abstract: Medical devices configured for in vivo assays of one or more analytes can sometimes be problematic if left inserted in a tissue, such as skin, for an extended time. Certain medical device surface profiles may aid in alleviating this issue. Accordingly, medical devices may comprise a base surface having a tissue-facing surface profile defined thereon, and a sensor extending through the base surface and at least a portion of the tissue-facing surface profile. The tissue-facing surface profile deviates from the base surface, and the tissue-facing surface profile is also configured to undergo a change in shape, hardness, or a combination thereof after contacting a tissue for a length of time. A dynamic material may be present in at least a portion of the tissue-facing surface profile.