Abstract: Medical devices configured for in vivo assays of one or more analytes can sometimes be problematic if left inserted in a tissue, such as skin, for an extended time. Certain medical device surface profiles may aid in alleviating this issue. Accordingly, medical devices may comprise a base surface having a tissue-facing surface profile defined thereon, and a sensor extending through the base surface and at least a portion of the tissue-facing surface profile. The tissue-facing surface profile deviates from the base surface, and the tissue-facing surface profile is also configured to undergo a change in shape, hardness, or a combination thereof after contacting a tissue for a length of time. A dynamic material may be present in at least a portion of the tissue-facing surface profile.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: Compositions of matter, methods, devices, systems and apparatus for detecting analytes are disclosed including, for example, protein switches and their use in an in vivo sensor. The protein switch can be used to determine a level of an analyte that is diagnostic for health and/or well-being of a subject.

Abstract: In vivo monitoring devices and systems for enzymes and/or analytes including devices having a reactant reservoir are provided.

Abstract: In vivo monitoring devices and systems for enzymes and/or analytes including devices having a reactant reservoir are provided.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor, the sensor including a reference electrode and a working electrode including an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, where the method includes: providing the working electrode to the analyte; accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator; measuring a potential drift of the working electrode relative to the reference electrode over a period of time, and correlating a rate of the potential drift to a concentration of the analyte.

Abstract: A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor having a working electrode, the method includes providing the working electrode with an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, providing the working electrode to the analyte, accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator for a set period of time, connecting the working electrode to circuit after the set period of time, and measuring the signal from the accumulated charge.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: A lactate-responsive enzyme may form the basis for lactate detection and quantification using an electrochemical analyte sensor. Various features may be incorporated within an analyte sensor containing a lactate-responsive enzyme, particularly lactate oxidase, to improve sensitivity and response stability of the analyte sensor. Such analyte sensors may comprise: a working electrode having an active area disposed thereon, and a mass transport limiting membrane overcoating at least the active area upon the working electrode. The active area comprises at least a polymer, an albumin, and a lactate-responsive enzyme that is covalently bonded to the polymer. The mass transport limiting membrane may comprise at least a crosslinked polyvinylpyridine homopolymer or copolymer. The analyte sensors may determine a lactate concentration in a biological fluid, particularly in vivo, which may be correlated to various physiological conditions.

Abstract: Medical devices configured for in vivo assays of one or more analytes can sometimes be problematic if left inserted in a tissue, such as skin, for an extended time. Certain medical device surface profiles may aid in alleviating this issue. Accordingly, medical devices may comprise a base surface having a tissue-facing surface profile defined thereon, and a sensor extending through the base surface and at least a portion of the tissue-facing surface profile. The tissue-facing surface profile deviates from the base surface, and the tissue-facing surface profile is also configured to undergo a change in shape, hardness, or a combination thereof after contacting a tissue for a length of time. A dynamic material may be present in at least a portion of the tissue-facing surface profile.

Abstract: A transcutaneous sensor configured to measure one or more physiological conditions of a patient. The transcutaneous sensor includes a substrate and first and second working electrodes on the substrate. The first working electrode includes a first active sensing area and the second working electrode includes a second active sensing area. The first active sensing area of the first working electrode is longitudinally offset along the substrate from the second active sensing area of the second working electrode.

Abstract: A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor having a working electrode, the method includes providing the working electrode with an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, providing the working electrode to the analyte, accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator for a set period of time, connecting the working electrode to circuit after the set period of time, and measuring the signal from the accumulated charge.

Abstract: In vivo monitoring devices and systems for enzymes and/or analytes including devices having a reactant reservoir are provided.

Abstract: Generally, embodiments of the invention relate to self-powered analyte determining devices (e.g., electrochemical analyte monitoring systems) that include a working electrode, a counter electrode, and an optional resistance value, where the working electrode includes analyte sensing components and the self-powered analyte determining device spontaneously passes a current directly proportional to analyte concentration in the absence of an external power source. Also provided are systems and methods of using the, for example electrochemical, analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to membranes composed liquid crystals having continuous aqueous channels, such as a lyotropic liquid crystal, including a cubic phase lyotropic liquid crystal, and to electrochemical sensors equipped with such membranes. The membranes are useful in limiting the diffusion of an analyte to a working electrode in an electrochemical sensor so that the sensor does not saturate and/or remains linearly responsive over a large range of analyte concentrations. Electrochemical sensors equipped with membranes of the present invention demonstrate considerable sensitivity and stability, and a large signal-to-noise ratio, in a variety of conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to membranes composed liquid crystals having continuous aqueous channels, such as a lyotropic liquid crystal, including a cubic phase lyotropic liquid crystal, and to electrochemical sensors equipped with such membranes. The membranes are useful in limiting the diffusion of an analyte to a working electrode in an electrochemical sensor so that the sensor does not saturate and/or remains linearly responsive over a large range of analyte concentrations. Electrochemical sensors equipped with membranes of the present invention demonstrate considerable sensitivity and stability, and a large signal-to-noise ratio, in a variety of conditions.

Abstract: Generally, embodiments of the invention relate to self-powered analyte determining devices (e.g., electrochemical analyte monitoring systems) that include a working electrode, a counter electrode, and an optional resistance value, where the working electrode includes analyte sensing components and the self-powered analyte determining device spontaneously passes a current directly proportional to analyte concentration in the absence of an external power source. Also provided are systems and methods of using the, for example electrochemical, analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: Generally, embodiments of the invention relate to self-powered analyte determining devices (e.g., electrochemical analyte monitoring systems) that include a working electrode, a counter electrode, and an optional resistance value, where the working electrode includes analyte sensing components and the self-powered analyte determining device spontaneously passes a current directly proportional to analyte concentration in the absence of an external power source. Also provided are systems and methods of using the, for example electrochemical, analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: A multifunctional membrane is provided. The multifunctional membrane is suitable for use in an analyte sensor. In a particular application, the multifunctional membrane may be used in connection with an amperometric biosensor, such as a transcutaneous amperometric biosensor. Some functions of the membrane are associated with properties of membrane itself, which is comprised of crosslinked polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogen groups. For example, the membrane, by virtue of its polymeric composition, may regulate the flux of an analyte to a sensor. Such regulation generally improves the kinetic performance of the sensor over a broad range of analyte concentration. Other functions of the membrane are associated with functional components, such as a superoxide-dismutating/catalase catalyst, either in the form of an enzyme or an enzyme mimic, that can be bound to the scaffold provided by the membrane.