Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate an aerosol density level, an optical scatter chamber configured to measure a rate at which the aerosol density level decreases after the aerosol density level has been generated, and a controller configured to compare the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases with a baseline rate, and determine whether the self-testing fire sensing device requires maintenance based on the comparison of the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases and the baseline rate.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate an aerosol density level sufficient to trigger a fire response without saturating an optical scatter chamber and the optical scatter chamber configured to measure a rate at which the aerosol density level decreases after the aerosol density level has been generated, determine an airflow rate from an external environment through the optical scatter chamber based on the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases, and determine whether the self-testing fire sensing device is functioning properly based on the fire response and the determined airflow rate.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate an aerosol density level, an optical scatter chamber configured to measure a rate at which the aerosol density level decreases after the aerosol density level has been generated, and a controller configured to compare the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases with a baseline rate, and determine whether the self-testing fire sensing device requires maintenance based on the comparison of the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases and the baseline rate.

Abstract: Golf training apparatus is provided including sensing means provided on, associated with and/or locatable on or with a golf club in use. At least one target means is provided that is detectable by the sensing means in use. The at least one target means is a target different to a golf ball that the golf club is to hit in use and is locatable separate to and remote from the sensing means and/or golf club in use. The golf training apparatus is arranged to detect the at least one target means and, once detected, use the detected position of the at least one target means to calibrate the sensing means, the apparatus and/or calibrate data being generated by the sensing means and/or apparatus in use.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate an aerosol density level sufficient to trigger a fire response without saturating an optical scatter chamber and the optical scatter chamber configured to measure a rate at which the aerosol density level decreases after the aerosol density level has been generated, determine an airflow rate from an external environment through the optical scatter chamber based on the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases, and determine whether the self-testing fire sensing device is functioning properly based on the fire response and the determined airflow rate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to activate, modify, and sanitize the surfaces of granular, powdered, or seed material placed in a continuous flow of a low-temperature, reduced-pressure gas plasma. Said plasma may be created with radio-frequency power, using capacitive-inductive, or a combination of both types of discharge. The plasma is generated at pressures in the 0.01 to 10 Torr range. RF frequency ranges from 0.2 to 220 MHz, and correspond to a plasma density between about ne×108-ne×1012 or 0.001 to 0.4 W/cm3. Inserts and electrodes may be temperature controlled to control process conditions. RF discharge may be pulsed or modulated by different frequency in order to stimulate energy exchange between gas plasma and process material. The apparatuses may be grounded, biased and mechanically activated (e.g., vibration, rotation, etc.).

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-calibrating fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate aerosol having a particular particle size and optical scatter properties at a controllable density level, a first transmitter light-emitting diode (LED) configured to emit a first light that passes through the aerosol, a second transmitter LED configured to emit a second light that passes through the aerosol, a photodiode configured to detect a scatter level of the first light that passes through the aerosol and detect a scatter level of the second light that passes through the aerosol, and a controller configured to calibrate a gain of the photodiode based on the detected scatter level of the first light, the detected scatter level of the second light, and the controllable aerosol density level.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing hazard sensing device are described herein. One device includes a sensor, a wire dipped in a material, a controller configured to provide a current to the wire to heat the material and generate aerosol and/or carbon monoxide, and an airflow generator configured to provide the aerosol and/or carbon monoxide to the sensor. The controller configured to determine whether the self-testing hazard sensing device is functioning properly using the aerosol and/or carbon monoxide provided to the sensor.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate an aerosol density level sufficient to trigger a fire response without saturating an optical scatter chamber and the optical scatter chamber configured to measure a rate at which the aerosol density level decreases after the aerosol density level has been generated, determine an airflow rate from an external environment through the optical scatter chamber based on the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases, and determine whether the self-testing fire sensing device is functioning properly based on the fire response and the determined airflow rate.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-calibrating fire sensing device are described herein.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-calibrating fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate aerosol having a particular particle size and optical scatter properties at a controllable density level, a first transmitter light-emitting diode (LED) configured to emit a first light that passes through the aerosol, a second transmitter LED configured to emit a second light that passes through the aerosol, a photodiode configured to detect a scatter level of the first light that passes through the aerosol and detect a scatter level of the second light that passes through the aerosol, and a controller configured to calibrate a gain of the photodiode based on the detected scatter level of the first light, the detected scatter level of the second light, and the controllable aerosol density level.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate an aerosol density level, an optical scatter chamber configured to measure a rate at which the aerosol density level decreases after the aerosol density level has been generated, and a controller configured to compare the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases with a baseline rate, and determine whether the self-testing fire sensing device requires maintenance based on the comparison of the measured rate at which the aerosol density level decreases and the baseline rate.

Abstract: A first request of the first user device to perform a copy-past change to copy content from a source range to a destination range of a local model of the collaborative spreadsheet stored at the first user device is received by a first user device. An indication of a second request of a second user device to perform an intersecting change to modify one or more cells is received by the first user device. Responsive to receiving the indication of the second request of the second user device, the local model of the collaborative spreadsheet is transformed by the first user device. The transforming includes determining, among a plurality of intersecting change types, that the intersecting change qualifies as a first intersecting change type, and performing one or more transformation operations corresponding to the first intersecting change type to transform the local model of the collaborative spreadsheet.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to activate, modify, and sanitize the surfaces of granular, powdered, or seed material placed in a continuous flow of a low-temperature, reduced-pressure gas plasma. Said plasma may be created with radio-frequency power, using capacitive-inductive, or a combination of both types of discharge. The plasma is generated at pressures in the 0.01 to 10 Torr range. RF frequency ranges from 0.2 to 220 MHz, and correspond to a plasma density between about ne×108?ne×1012 or 0.001 to 0.4 W/cm3. Inserts and electrodes may be temperature controlled to control process conditions. RF discharge may be pulsed or modulated by different frequency in order to stimulate energy exchange between gas plasma and process material. The apparatuses may be grounded, biased and mechanically activated (e.g., vibration, rotation, etc.).

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing hazard sensing device are described herein. One device includes a sensor, a wire dipped in a material, a controller configured to provide a current to the wire to heat the material and generate aerosol and/or carbon monoxide, and an airflow generator configured to provide the aerosol and/or carbon monoxide to the sensor. The controller configured to determine whether the self-testing hazard sensing device is functioning properly using the aerosol and/or carbon monoxide provided to the sensor.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-calibrating fire sensing device are described herein. One device includes an adjustable particle generator and a variable airflow generator configured to generate aerosol having a particular particle size and optical scatter properties at a controllable density level, a first transmitter light-emitting diode (LED) configured to emit a first light that passes through the aerosol, a second transmitter LED configured to emit a second light that passes through the aerosol, a photodiode configured to detect a scatter level of the first light that passes through the aerosol and detect a scatter level of the second light that passes through the aerosol, and a controller configured to calibrate a gain of the photodiode based on the detected scatter level of the first light, the detected scatter level of the second light, and the controllable aerosol density level.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for editing a collaborative spreadsheets hosted on a server. Multiple users may edit the spreadsheet, resulting in situations of intersecting or conflicting edits. A change provided by one user may intersect the cells affected by a change provided by another user. In these cases, one user's change is transformed against the other user's change. In this manner, the conflict is resolved and both changes can be applied to the spreadsheet. Each user device may perform these transforms, and the server may also perform these transforms. This can result in transmission of a reduced volume of data over a network between the devices and the server, in comparison with other methods.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for verification of a visual inspection are described herein. One method for visual inspection verification of a fire alarm system having self-testing components includes using a visual inspection verification software mobile application on a mobile device, a technician selects one or more groups of fire alarm system components within areas of a building for visual inspection, wherein each self-testing fire alarm system component has an associated wireless beacon; and wherein each fire alarm system component having an associated wireless beacon emits a unique identifying signal which can be received by the mobile device when the technician moves the mobile device into a range corresponding to a visual distance of the technician to a particular fire alarm system component emitting the unique identifying signal to verify that a technician has been within the range corresponding to a visual distance of the technician to the particular component.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-testing hazard sensing device are described herein. One device includes a sensor, a wire dipped in a material, a controller configured to provide a current to the wire to heat the material and generate aerosol and/or carbon monoxide, and an airflow generator configured to provide the aerosol and/or carbon monoxide to the sensor. The controller configured to determine whether the self-testing hazard sensing device is functioning properly using the aerosol and/or carbon monoxide provided to the sensor.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for a self-calibrating fire sensing device are described herein.