Abstract: An electronic protection switch includes first and second network terminals and two semiconductor switches of same kind. Each semiconductor switch is formed by an IGBT semiconductor switch and includes a switching element and a diode which is arranged antiparallel to the switching element. A first of the two semiconductor switches is arranged without a semiconductor series connection between a positive potential terminal of the first network terminal and a positive potential terminal of the second network terminal. A second of the two semiconductor switches is arranged without a semiconductor series connection between a negative potential terminal of the first network terminal and a negative potential terminal of the second network terminal. The switching element of each semiconductor switch is arranged so as to be able to conduct and switch off a current from the first network terminal to the second network terminal.

Abstract: A converter includes a load converter for supplying an electric load, an active grid converter connected at a connection point to an electric power supply grid, and an intermediate circuit supplied by the active grid converter with an intermediate circuit voltage. Flicker emissions of the active grid converter on the power supply grid can be prevented by controlling the active grid converter so that a grid current change at the connection point maintains a maximum permissible change of effective values of successive voltage half-cycles of a voltage at the connection point by taking into account a grid impedance determined from a power grid analysis of the active grid converter at the connection point.

Abstract: In a charging current method for limiting a charging current in a DC voltage circuit, the charging current is conducted from an electric supply grid into the DC voltage circuit via diodes. A DC voltage of the DC voltage circuit is ascertained and is based on the supply voltage of the electric supply grid. A variable undervoltage threshold on the DC voltage circuit is determined and a limit of the charging current is activated when the DC voltage reaches or falls below the variable undervoltage threshold.

Abstract: A method is for locating a ground fault in a DC system to which a plurality of load zones can be connected. The method includes specifying a time window and, after the ground fault is detected, assigning the ground fault to a load zone which was connected to the DC system within the time window before the detection of the ground fault.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a semiconductor module having first and second cover faces, with the first cover face facing away from the second cover face, a module face between the first and second cover faces, and side faces to enclose the module space. A heat sink cools the semiconductor module and includes a base body. Cooling elements project from a first face of the base body and a cooling medium flows around the cooling elements and the side faces of the semiconductor module in a flow direction along the base body, with a first one of the side faces and a second one of the side faces of the semiconductor module forming a common side edge which faces the flow direction. The semiconductor module is connected to the first face of the base body at the first cover face and is embedded between at least some of the cooling elements.

Abstract: A power converter arrangement includes semiconductor arrangements for two motors, wherein a control unit is used to continuously form a sum current composed of a first current and a second current and the sum current is compared with a predeterminable maximum value in order to protect the motors from being destroyed, where the control unit includes a device in which a priority grade is input by a user, where the priority grade describes the priority of one of the two machines, and where the control unit reduces the current of the respective machine that lacks priority according to the priority grade when the maximum value is exceeded.

Abstract: A method for operating a normally off or normally on power semiconductor element. A threshold voltage change in a threshold voltage of the power semiconductor element in relation to a reference threshold voltage is determined. A switch-on gate voltage is applied between a gate terminal and a source terminal of the power semiconductor element for the purpose of switching on the power semiconductor element is changed by the threshold voltage change in relation to a reference switch-on gate voltage corresponding to the reference threshold voltage.

Abstract: A method is for detecting a ground fault in a load zone that can be connected to a direct-current network. The load zone includes a first load zone line connectable to a first main line of the direct-current network via a circuit breaker, and a second load zone line connectable to a second main line of the direct-current network via an interrupter switch. In an embodiment of the method, at least one line voltage at a load zone line is continually measured. If a ground fault is not detected at any main line of the direct-current network before the load zone is connected, the interrupter switch is closed while the circuit breaker is open, and a ground fault in the load zone is inferred if at least one line voltage does not significantly change after the interrupter switch is closed.

Abstract: A load zone of a DC system includes a connection interface for supplying the load zone with electrical energy, an electronic switch arranged between the connection interface and a DC bus, and at least two electrical devices connected in parallel to the DC bus. A voltage sensor measures a voltage across a fuse arranged between the DC bus and a respective electrical device. An evaluation unit identifies a defective device of the at least two electrical devices based on a polarity of the voltage measured by the voltage sensor across the fuse. A DC system with such a load zone and an energy source connected to the connection interface of the load zone, as well as a method for operating such load zone or DC system are also disclosed. A device is identified as being defective when the voltage measured across the fuse exceeds a specified limit value.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for locating an earth fault in a DC network, to which multiple load zones are connectable. Each load zone has two symmetrically earthed load zone lines. In an embodiment of the method, for each load zone line, a line voltage is continuously measured between a line potential, at which the load zone line lies, and an earth potential. In the event that an earth fault is detected at a main line of the DC network, the main lines are separated from both load zone lines of a load zone and the earth fault is assigned to this load zone, if a magnitude difference between the magnitudes of the line voltages of the two load zone lines of this load zone are not significantly reduced after separating the main lines from the load zone lines.

Abstract: A neutral point clamped inverter with an upper half-bridge and a lower half-bridge, wherein each half-bridge has an inner transistor and an outer transistor, where the inner transistor of the upper half-bridge is configured to interact with the outer transistor of the upper half-bridge such that a signal that reproduces the switch state of the inner transistor is coupled into an actuation circuit for switching the outer transistor and influences the switch state of the outer transistor.

Abstract: An electrical supply device is connected on a network side to an electrical supply network and includes a frequency converter having a network-side power converter and an intermediate circuit, and a network filter, which is connected upstream of the network-side power converter. In a method for operating the electrical supply device, during a pulse-blocking operating state of the frequency converter, a check is carried out for the presence of a dangerous state of the network filter, and only in the presence of the dangerous state, only the network-side power converter is actuated such that a network perturbation causing the dangerous state of the network filter is at least damped to protect the network filter from the dangerous state.

Abstract: An electronic protection switch includes first and second network terminals and two semiconductor switches of same kind. Each semiconductor switch is formed by an IGBT semiconductor switch and includes a switching element and a diode which is arranged antiparallel to the switching element. A first of the two semiconductor switches is arranged without a semiconductor series connection between a positive potential terminal of the first network terminal and a positive potential terminal of the second network terminal. A second of the two semiconductor switches is arranged without a semiconductor series connection between a negative potential terminal of the first network terminal and a negative potential terminal of the second network terminal. The switching element of each semiconductor switch is arranged so as to be able to conduct and switch off a current from the first network terminal to the second network terminal.

Abstract: A load zone of a DC system includes a connection interface for supplying the load zone with electrical energy, an electronic switch arranged between the connection interface and a DC bus, and at least two electrical devices connected in parallel to the DC bus. A voltage sensor measures a voltage across a fuse arranged between the DC bus and a respective electrical device. An evaluation unit identifies a defective device of the at least two electrical devices based on a polarity of the voltage measured by the voltage sensor across the fuse. A DC system with such a load zone and an energy source connected to the connection interface of the load zone, as well as a method for operating such load zone or DC system are also disclosed. A device is identified as being defective when the voltage measured across the fuse exceeds a specified limit value.

Abstract: An electronic switch for a DC voltage system includes at least two turn-off semiconductor switches, a varistor and a capacitor, and at least two diodes connected in series with opposite polarity. The turn-off semiconductor switches are connected at a connection point in series with opposite polarity between a first connection of the electronic switch and a second connection of the electronic switch. In order to provide improved overvoltage protection, the varistor and the capacitor form a series connection, with one end of the series connection connected to the connection point. A DC voltage system employing the electronic switch and a method for limiting overvoltages in the electronic switch or in a corresponding DC voltage system are also disclosed. Inductive energy of an element connected to the electronic switch is transferred to the capacitor when a limit, defined by the varistor, has been exceeded.

Abstract: A method and a converter for controlling a multi-phase electric machine are disclosed. Each phase voltage of the electric machine is generated with two electronic switches interconnected to form a half bridge. The switching statuses of the half bridges are controlled with space vector modulation. A minimum dwell time is predefined, and each switching status, represented by an active basic voltage space vector, of the half bridges is maintained at least for the minimum dwell time.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for locating an earth fault in a DC network, to which multiple load zones are connectable. Each load zone has two symmetrically earthed load zone lines. In an embodiment of the method, for each load zone line, a line voltage is continuously measured between a line potential, at which the load zone line lies, and an earth potential. In the event that an earth fault is detected at a main line of the DC network, the main lines are separated from both load zone lines of a load zone and the earth fault is assigned to this load zone, if a magnitude difference between the magnitudes of the line voltages of the two load zone lines of this load zone are not significantly reduced after separating the main lines from the load zone lines.

Abstract: An electronic assembly has a printed circuit board with first and second component sides. A cooling element on the first component side is cooled by forced convection produced by a convection unit. A majority of electronic components are arranged on the second component side. Non-current-conducting plated-through holes are used to transport thermal energy generated by an electronic component from the second component side to the first component side. The thermal energy can be transported away from the printed circuit board and dissipated by means of the forced convection. A corresponding method for dissipating heat from an electronic assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is for locating a ground fault in a DC system to which a plurality of load zones can be connected. The method includes specifying a time window and, after the ground fault is detected, assigning the ground fault to a load zone which was connected to the DC system within the time window before the detection of the ground fault.

Abstract: A method is for detecting a ground fault in a load zone that can be connected to a direct-current network. The load zone includes a first load zone line connectable to a first main line of the direct-current network via a circuit breaker, and a second load zone line connectable to a second main line of the direct-current network via an interrupter switch. In an embodiment of the method, at least one line voltage at a load zone line is continually measured. If a ground fault is not detected at any main line of the direct-current network before the load zone is connected, the interrupter switch is closed while the circuit breaker is open, and a ground fault in the load zone is inferred if at least one line voltage does not significantly change after the interrupter switch is closed.