Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for detecting faults of a battery heating system and relays. In particular, a method for detecting welding of each relay such as a main relay, a precharge relay or a heater relay and a method for detecting a fault of a battery heating system such as a short circuit, disconnection or damage of each heater are provided by sensing a voltage. In the methods, the on/off state of the heater relay and the high voltage relays is controlled through a predetermined process to detect a fault of the heater relay or the high voltage relay, and welding of the heater relay or the high voltage relay is then detected from a voltage for fault detection which is sensed through a voltage sensing circuit unit for fault detection.

Abstract: A battery management system of a vehicle is provided to prevent a lithium battery from being overcharged and over-discharged and to safely protect the lithium battery from various conditions degrading the lithium battery when the lithium battery is used as a low-voltage battery in the vehicle. The battery management system includes a relay that electrically connect and disconnects power supplied to a load from a battery and a reconnection switch that determines a connection state based on user manipulation and generates a signal for turning the relay on and off based on the connection state. Additionally, a controller turns the relay on and off based on the connection state of the reconnection switch.

Abstract: A battery apparatus for a vehicle is provided. The apparatus includes a basic battery pack that is mounted within the vehicle and an auxiliary battery pack that is selectively mountable within the vehicle. The auxiliary battery pack is connected in series with or in parallel to the basic battery pack.

Abstract: A battery control system includes a main battery and an auxiliary battery, a direct current DC-DC converter for converting a high voltage output from the main battery into a low voltage between the main battery and the auxiliary battery and supplying the converted low voltage to the auxiliary battery or an electronic load, a relay for intermitting a voltage of the auxiliary battery, and a battery management system for controlling the relay to be turned off in a state in which the DC-DC converter is operated in a constantly ON state, comparing an output voltage of the DC-DC converter and a summation of cell voltages of the auxiliary battery, and detecting a fusion state of the relay according to a comparison result.

Abstract: A method and system of diagnosing a breakdown during pre-charging are provided. The method includes detecting, by a controller, an output voltage of a battery and pre-charging a capacitor of an inverter using energy from the battery. In addition, the controller is configured to measure a voltage applied to the capacitor of the inverter and detect an output current of the battery. A breakdown may then be detected by the controller by collating the detected output voltage, the voltage applied to the capacitor, and the detected output current.

Abstract: A method and system of balancing battery cells are provided that use a data map that includes a balancing duty ratio based on an environment temperature of a battery and the number of balancing target-cells. The method includes measuring, by a temperature sensor, the environment temperature of a battery. In addition, a controller is configured to identify the number of the balancing target-cells and calculate a balancing duty ratio by substituting the environment temperature and the number of the balancing-target cells to the data map. A balancing time is deducted by the controller based on the calculated duty ratio and the corresponding battery cells are balanced by the controller with the calculated duty ratio for the balancing time.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing leakage of electronic parts and servicing guide of a driving state for a vehicle in a battery management system is provided. The method includes normally driving the vehicle or stopping the vehicle by cutting off a relay based on whether electronic parts broken due to insulation resistance breakdown are required for the driving of the vehicle. In addition, the method includes services a guide required for each broken electronic part about a driving state of the vehicle, by stepwise measuring insulation resistance of vehicle key on, engine starting, an operation of load parts such as a driving motor in the vehicle, an air conditioner, and a low-voltage DC-DC converter, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for detecting faults of a battery heating system and relays. In particular, a method for detecting welding of each relay such as a main relay, a precharge relay or a heater relay and a method for detecting a fault of a battery heating system such as a short circuit, disconnection or damage of each heater are provided by sensing a voltage. In the methods, the on/off state of the heater relay and the high voltage relays is controlled through a predetermined process to detect a fault of the heater relay or the high voltage relay, and welding of the heater relay or the high voltage relay is then detected from a voltage for fault detection which is sensed through a voltage sensing circuit unit for fault detection.

Abstract: There are provided embodiments for changing initial values of a mid-point algorithm to calculate a constant delay value throughout depths based on a sample volume and performing a receive-focusing based on the constant delay value. In one embodiment, an ultrasound system comprises: an ultrasound data acquisition unit configured to calculate a constant delay value throughout depths based on a sample volume by using a mid-point algorithm, transmit ultrasound signals to a living body, receive ultrasound echo signals from the living body and form digital signals based on the ultrasound echo signals, the ultrasound data acquisition unit being further configured to apply the constant delay value to the digital signals to acquire ultrasound data corresponding to a high pulse rate frequency Doppler image of the sample volume.

Abstract: A secondary battery pack is described that is rechargeable and has a large capacity. The secondary pack has multiple battery units and at least one controller. Each battery unit of the battery pack includes a cell unit and a cell balancing system. In one embodiment, the cell balancing system has at least three detachable connections for connecting the cell balancing system to the cell unit, the controller or to other cell balancing units. The connections allow the cell balancing systems to be detached from the battery units and reused.

Abstract: A method and system of diagnosing a breakdown during pre-charging are provided. The method includes detecting, by a controller, an output voltage of a battery and pre-charging a capacitor of an inverter using energy from the battery. In addition, the controller is configured to measure a voltage applied to the capacitor of the inverter and detect an output current of the battery. A breakdown may then be detected by the controller by collating the detected output voltage, the voltage applied to the capacitor, and the detected output current.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a protection circuit module (PCM) electrically connected to a bare cell. The bare cell is wrapped with a first sheet, a water permeable second sheet placed on the first sheet, and a submergence label placed between the first sheet and the water permeable second sheet. The submergence label indicates if the bare cell has been exposed to moisture. The label sheet further has a stacking structure, wherein the second sheet is placed on top of the first sheet and the submergence label is interposed between the first sheet and the second sheet. Accordingly, it is possible to determine whether a user has disassembled, modified, or reused the battery and it is possible to easily verify whether or not the secondary battery has been submerged in a liquid due to a user's carelessness or mistake.

Abstract: A battery pack including a plurality of battery cells and a method of controlling the battery pack are provided. The method includes: permanently cutting off charging and discharging paths of the battery pack; and discharging one or more of the battery cells when a condition of which satisfies a reference condition. Therefore, state of the battery pack changes from its failure state to a stable state.

Abstract: A method and system of balancing battery cells are provided that use a data map that includes a balancing duty ratio based on an environment temperature of a battery and the number of balancing target-cells. The method includes measuring, by a temperature sensor, the environment temperature of a battery. In addition, a controller is configured to identify the number of the balancing target-cells and calculate a balancing duty ratio by substituting the environment temperature and the number of the balancing-target cells to the data map. A balancing time is deducted by the controller based on the calculated duty ratio and the corresponding battery cells are balanced by the controller with the calculated duty ratio for the balancing time.

Abstract: A battery pack includes: a first battery cell group including at least one high capacity battery cell; and a second battery cell group including at least one high output battery cell and being coupled in parallel to the first battery cell group, wherein the high output battery cell is configured to output a greater current than the high capacity battery cell, the high capacity battery cell is configured to store a greater amount of electric energy compared to the high output battery cell, and the battery pack is configured to operate in one of operational modes including: a high capacity mode for outputting electric energy stored in the first battery cell group; a high output mode for outputting electric energy stored in the second battery cell group; and a mutual charge mode for charging the first battery cell group or the second battery cell group.

Abstract: A battery pack is disclosed. The battery pack has an analog front end which senses if a failure occurs in a microcontroller, and interrupts charging and discharging of the battery in response to the failure.

Abstract: A protection circuit of a battery pack capable of detecting the error of a charging device from the battery pack. The protection circuit of the battery pack having a battery cell charged by a charging device, the protection circuit including a charge switch coupled to a high current path (HCP), the charge switch disposed between the battery cell and the charging device charging the battery cell and a controller sensing a voltage or a current of the charging device during a charge stop period stopping a charging of the battery cell and determining whether an error of the charging device occurs according to the voltage or the current of the charging device.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus is disclosed. The power supply apparatus includes a rechargeable battery and a battery management system (BMS) for managing charging and discharging of the battery. The power supply apparatus is configured to supply an operating power to the BMS from an external power of an external power source when the external power source is in a normal state and is capable of supplying the external power to a load through the power supply apparatus. The power supply apparatus is further configured to supply the operating power to the BMS from electric energy stored in the battery when the external power source is in a state different from the normal state and not capable of supplying the external power to the load through the power supply apparatus.

Abstract: A battery management system of a vehicle utilizing electrical energy and a driving method thereof is provided. The battery management system includes a sensing unit and a main control unit (MCU). The sensing unit detects voltage of a battery cell. MCU determines an operation state of a vehicle, and generates a sampling signal depending on the operation state of the vehicle. The sampling control signal transmits to the sensing unit, and controls the detection of the voltage of the battery cell. The operation state of the vehicle includes a running state and a stopping state.

Abstract: A battery pack, a charger, and a charging system. The battery pack includes a rechargeable battery, and a protection circuit to control charging and discharging of the battery, wherein the protection circuit includes a micom to output an operating state signal representing an operating state of the micom and a malfunction transferring unit to transfer information on whether the battery is malfunctioning based on the operating state signal. Accordingly, when an error is detected by the protection circuit of the battery pack, charging is stopped, and thus the battery pack may be stably charged.