Abstract: In a method for operating a spark-ignition internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection in the post-start phase at low temperatures, fuel is supplied to the combustion air in a pilot injection (MH) of a first fuel quantity during an intake stroke of the internal combustion engine such that the pilot injection (MH) forms a homogeneous, lean air/fuel mixture (?>1) in substantially the entire combustion chamber, and a main injection (MS) of a second fuel quantity is subsequently injected into the combustion chamber during a compression stroke directly before the ignition time (ZT), said main injection (MS) forming in the region of the spark plug a stratified, rich air/fuel mixture (?<1), which is then ignited by the spark plug.

Abstract: In a method of operating an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection such that, in the engine startup period, a three-way catalytic converter disposed in the engine exhaust system is rapidly heated to a working temperature, in that a fuel quantity which is injected is injected in two separate injection steps with the first fuel volume being injected during the intake stroke and the second fuel volume being injected during the expansion stroke so as to form immediately before the ignition instant a rich stratified charge cloud in the region of the spark plug thereby ensuring reliable ignition of the stratified cloud while, overall, achieving a lean fuel/air mix in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In a method of operating an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection such that, in the engine startup period, a three-way catalytic converter disposed in the engine exhaust system is rapidly heated to a working temperature, in that a fuel quantity which is injected is injected in two separate injection steps with the first fuel volume being injected during the intake stroke and the second fuel volume being injected during the expansion stroke so as to form immediately before the ignition instant a rich stratified charge cloud in the region of the spark plug thereby ensuring reliable ignition of the stratified cloud while, overall, achieving a lean fuel/air mix in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In a software system (200/210/220) with a business application (200), database migration from a source database (210) to a physically different target database (230) is performed by a migration tool (260) that evaluates database instructions (201) that the application (200) consecutively sends to the source database (210). The migration tool (260) stores representations (254, 255) of an action type (205, D, I, U) and of a key (231) in a log table (250) when an action type coincides with a predetermined action type (D, I, U); copies source table entries to the target table (240); and adjusts entries in the target table that have keys represented in the log table (250). During migration, the application (200) and the source table continue communicating.

Abstract: A process for separating metal chlorides from a suspension of metal chlorides in chlorosilanes, in which the suspension is filtered under pressure in the absence of air and moisture forming a filter cake, which is granulated and passed to a dissolution zone where the metal chlorides are dissolved to form an aqueous metal chloride solution. The invention also relates to a filtration and dissolution apparatus for this process, and to an apparatus for introducing the crude reaction gas into a circulated suspension of metal chlorides in chlorosilanes, thus producing a feedstock for the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing alkylchlorosilanes from the liquid constituents of the residues from the direct synthesis of alkylchlorosilanes which have a boiling point of above 70° C. at 1013 hPa and comprise disilanes, in which the residues are heated with hydrogen chloride and silicon at temperatures of at least 300° C., with at least 10% by weight of trichlorosilane and/or tetrachlorosilane, based on the weight of the alkylchlorosilanes formed, being formed at the same time.

Abstract: A process for separating metal chlorides from a suspension of metal chlorides in chlorosilanes, in which the suspension is filtered under pressure in the absence of air and moisture forming a filter cake, which is granulated and passed to a dissolution zone where the metal chlorides are dissolved to form an aqueous metal chloride solution. The invention also relates to a filtration and dissolution apparatus for this process, and to an apparatus for introducing the crude reaction gas into a circulated suspension of metal chlorides in chlorosilanes, thus producing a feedstock for the process.

Abstract: A process for separating metal chlorides from the hot, gaseous reaction mixture (crude gas) formed in the reaction of technical-grade silicon with hydrogen chloride, in which the crude gas is introduced into a circulated suspension of metal chlorides in chlorosilanes, the temperature of the crude gas is reduced from its introduction temperature to the temperature of the three-phase gas/liquid/solid mixture formed on introduction of the crude gas into the suspension partly by direct cooling resulting from vaporization of chlorosilanes and partly by indirect cooling, part of the resulting suspension of metal chlorides in liquid chlorosilanes is recirculated to the introduction point of the crude gas and the metal chlorides are separated from the other part of the suspension.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the production of unsymmetrically substituted cyanobiphenyls by the slow addition of an aryl Grignard compound to an optionally substituted bromobenzonitrile in the presence of a palladium complex catalyst.