Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienal (citral) comprises the steps of a) continuously condensing prenol with prenal in the presence of at least one catalyst in a reaction column with water of condensation being distilled off as a prenal-water azeotrope as a vapor, at least partially condensing the vapor and separating the condensate into an aqueous phase and an organic phase and directing the organic phase partially as a reflux to the reaction column and partially discharging the organic phase as a purge stream, while continuously withdrawing an acetal fraction comprising diprenyl acetal of prenal from the reaction column, wherein the reaction temperature is below 100 °C, the catalyst is nitric acid and the concentration of the nitric acid is below 500 ppm; b) continuously subjecting the acetal fraction in a cleaving column to cleaving conditions in the presence of at least one catalyst with elimination of prenol while continuously withdrawing from the cleaving column a cleaving fracti

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of unsaturated alcohols of the formula which comprises subjecting unsaturated aldehydes of the formula to a hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst and a tertiary amine; characterized in that the hydrogenation takes place in a reactor cascade. Conducting the hydrogenation in a reactor cascade, in particular a cascade of stirred vessel reactors, a cascade of bubble column reactors, or a cascade of jet loop reactors, reduces the amount of formed side products and enhances yield and selectivity of the products.

Abstract: A shell-and-tube heat exchange reactor for carrying out a catalytic gas-phase partial oxidation reaction comprises a shell-side heat exchange passage for circulating a heat transfer medium and a reaction passage comprising a plurality of reaction tubes; an inlet for introducing the reactant stream to the reaction passage; and an outlet from the reaction passage for recovering an effluent stream from the reaction tubes. The reaction tubes comprise a reactant pre-heating zone adjacent to the inlet, and a reaction zone downstream of the reactant pre-heating zone, the reaction zone having a catalytically active wire matrix insert having at least on a part of its surface a catalytically active precious metal. The reactor requires less frequent maintenance in the form of regeneration and/or replacement of the catalyst. The catalyst can be easily placed into the reaction tubes, and be removed therefrom. Only the portion of the entire reactant stream that travels near the hot reaction tube wall is heated up.

Abstract: A process for recovering isoprenol essentially free of formaldehyde from a stream of crude isoprenol containing isoprenol, water and formaldehyde, the process comprising subjecting the stream of crude isoprenol or an isoprenol containing fraction thereof to distillation in a low-boiler separation tower operated at a pressure of 2.5 bara or higher to obtain a distillate stream containing aqueous formaldehyde and a bottoms stream containing isoprenol. The process of the invention allows for obtaining isoprenol essentially free of formaldehyde. Further provided is a plant for recovering isoprenol essentially free of formaldehyde from a stream of crude isoprenol containing isoprenol, water and formaldehyde, the plant comprising a first low-boiler separation tower, a second low-boiler separation tower, and a finishing tower.

Abstract: Propylene is an important industrial intermediate for the production of propylene oxide and polypropylene, while isobutylene is similarly widely used for the production of a variety of industrially important products, such as butyl rubber. Both of propylene and isobutylene are obtained through the catalytic or steam cracking of fossil feedstocks, and the development of a commercially viable process for the direct conversion of alcohol to either material would accordingly be of great interest as fossil resources are depleted and/or become more costly to use, especially in consideration of increased demand for both of propylene and isobutylene. The present invention relates to the process for preparing lower olefins from primary alcohols. More particularly the present invention relates to the process of conversion of primary alcohols to lower olefins wherein the primary alcohols are obtained from renewable sources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compound of formula (I) as an aroma chemical to impart a woody note, fruity note, herbal note, green note, rooty note, citrus note, petitgrain note, floral note, damascone note, tobacco note, ashtray note, gourmand note, sweet note, vetiver note, ionone note, ambra note, fresh note, natural note, fir needle note, camphoraceous note, or any combination of two or more of these impressions to composition and also for enhancing and/or modifying the aroma of a composition. The present invention is further directed to a composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) and (i) at least one aroma chemical different from the compound of formula (I) or (ii) at least one non-aroma chemical carrier, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclohomogeranates. The invention relates to the synthesis of cyclohomogeranates from well available esters of homogeranic acid in only one step. The cyclohomogeranates prepared according to the process of the present invention can be used in the fragrance industry as intermediates or the compounds can be used as such as aroma compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates mixture of compound of formula (A) and compound of formula (B) and its use as aroma ingredient. The mixture is used to impart an aroma impression which is reminiscent of woody note, pine like note, amber note, fresh note, musky note, fruity note, green note, floral note, powdery note, spicy note, smokey note, or any combination of two or more of these notes. It is also used for enhancing and/or modifying the aroma of a composition. The present invention is further directed to a composition comprising the mixture and (i) at least one aroma chemical different from compound of formula (I) or (ii) at least one non-aroma chemical carrier, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

Abstract: A connection assembly for the electrical and mechanical connection between a contact electrode and an electrical conductor element has a flexible sensor/electrode section in which the contact electrode is at least partially arranged. The connection assembly has at least one electrical inner conductor of the electrical conductor element for applying and/or removing an electrical voltage and/or capacitive change at the contact electrode. An electrical contact region is provided in which the at least one electrical inner conductor makes electrical contact with the contact electrode of the sensor. A connecting device is provided which can be prestressed against the contact electrode of the sensor in the contact region, with interposition of the inner conductor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone. It suggests an apparatus (1) comprising first and second substantially vertically oriented reactor chambers oriented such that components flow through the first and second reactor chambers in different directions, wherein the first reactor chamber (13) is configured to receive a first component feed (C1) containing a first aqueous mixture through an inlet (15), and to produce a second aqueous mixture, and wherein the apparatus (1) comprises a mixing device (17) positioned downstream of the first component feed inlet (15) and configured to add a second component feed (C2) to the first component feed (C1) when the second aqueous mixture has formed, and the second reactor chamber (23) is configured to receive the first and second component feeds unified in the mixing device (17) from the first reactor chamber (13) and to produce a third aqueous mixture from the first and second aqueous mixtures.

Abstract: An internal loop reactor comprises: a vertically disposed cylindrical vessel comprising a sidewall and reactor fluid outlet means; and at least one draft tube arranged vertically within the vessel. The draft tube(s) have/s an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the draft tube(s) provide(s) (a) first conduit(s) within the draft tube(s) having a tube inlet end and a tube outlet end, and a second conduit outside of the draft tube(s) and within the sidewall, the first conduit(s) being in fluid communication with the second conduit. The reactor comprises at least one nozzle arranged concentrically to the draft tube(s) for injecting a fluid into the first conduit(s) from the tube inlet end. The inner surface of the draft tube(s) convexly curves so that the first conduit(s) exhibit(s) an annular constriction of the cross-section between the tube inlet end and the tube outlet end; wherein the constriction is located closer to the tube inlet end.

Abstract: A silicon carbide device that includes a transistor cell is described. The transistor cell may include a gate electrode and a source region. The silicon carbide device may further include a first clamp region of a first conductivity type electrically connected with the gate electrode and a second clamp region of the first conductivity type electrically connected with the source region. The silicon carbide device may further include a well region of a second conductivity type laterally surrounding each of the first clamp region and the second clamp region. A shortest distance between the first clamp region and the second clamp region may be equal to or less than 10 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) which is used as an aroma chemical to impart a sweet, tonka, acacia, woody kind of impression to a composition. The present invention further relates to the use of compound of formula (I) as an aroma chemical to impart a sweet, tonka, acacia and/or woody kind impression to a composition and also for enhancing and/or modifying the aroma of a composition. The present invention is further directed to a composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) and (i) at least one aroma chemical different from the compound of formula (I) or (ii) at least one non-aroma chemical carrier, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

Abstract: The present invention relates to dialkylpentene ether and dialkylpentadiene ether derivatives as fragrances. Specifically, it relates to the use of the ether derivatives as an aroma chemical and also for enhancing and/or modifying the aroma of a composition. The present invention is further directed to a composition comprising at least one dialkylpentene ether or dialkylpentadiene ether derivative and (i) at least one aroma chemical different from the dialkylpentene ether and dialkylpentadiene ether derivative or (ii) at least one non-aroma chemical carrier, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2-aryl-pent-4-enal or 2-alkenyl-pent-4-enal derivatives as aroma chemicals. Specifically, it relates to the use of 2-aryl-pent-4-enal or 2-alkenyl-pent-4-enal derivatives as aroma chemicals and also for enhancing and/or modifying the aroma of a composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) which is used as an aroma chemical to impart a flowery, citrus, watery kind of impression to a composition and also for enhancing and/or modifying the aroma of a composition. The present invention further relates to a mixture comprising at least compound of formula (I) and at least one compound of formula (II).

Abstract: A process for recovering isoprenol essentially free of formaldehyde from a stream of crude isoprenol containing isoprenol, water and formaldehyde, the process comprising subjecting the stream of crude isoprenol or an isoprenol containing fraction thereof to distillation in a low-boiler separation tower operated at a pressure of 2.5 bara or higher to obtain a distillate stream containing aqueous formaldehyde and a bottoms stream containing isoprenol. The process of the invention allows for obtaining isoprenol essentially free of formaldehyde. Further provided is a plant for recovering isoprenol essentially free of formaldehyde from a stream of crude isoprenol containing isoprenol, water and formaldehyde, the plant comprising a first low-boiler separation tower, a second low-boiler separation tower, and a finishing tower.

Abstract: The presently claimed invention relates to a process for the recovery of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol from a stream obtained in the production of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol from 2-methylprop-1-ene and formaldehyde, by treating the stream with an amine catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone. It suggests an apparatus (1) comprising first and second substantially vertically oriented reactor chambers oriented such that components flow through the first and second reactor chambers in different directions, wherein the first reactor chamber (13) is configured to receive a first component feed (C1) containing a first aqueous mixture through an inlet (15), and to produce a second aqueous mixture, and wherein the apparatus (1) comprises a mixing device (17) positioned downstream of the first component feed inlet (15) and configured to add a second component feed (C2) to the first component feed (C1) when the second aqueous mixture has formed, and the second reactor chamber (23) is configured to receive the first and second component feeds unified in the mixing device (17) from the first reactor chamber (13) and to produce a third aqueous mixture from the first and second aqueous mixtures.

Abstract: The presently claimed invention relates to a process for the recovery of 3-methyl-3-buten- -ol from a stream comprising (Z)-3-methylpent-2-ene-1,5-diol, (E)-3-methylpent-2-ene-,5-diol and 3-methylenepentane-1,5-diol by treating the stream with isobutene and water.