Abstract: An invention related to an X-ray device for the generation of brief X-ray pulses comprising an X-ray tube having a thermionic cathode and an anode and an X-ray generator having a first circuit for the generation of a high-voltage pulse which is applied to the anode for the generation of the X-ray pulse. The X-ray generator further comprising a second circuit by which a low voltage is continuously applied to the anode which pre-heats the X-ray tube and is at most sufficient for the generation of low-energy X-radiation. The first circuit can have a high-voltage power supply unit which charges a high-voltage capacitor which can be applied to the anode via a high-voltage switch. The first circuit can be a Marx generator. There may be only one power supply, which both generates the continuously low voltage and also drives the Marx generator for the generation of the high voltage.

Abstract: The apparatus serves to distribute a random stream of items into several lanes in which the items are transported individually one after the other. The apparatus has a transport device for the items, wherein the transport device has one or more driven conveyor belts and side rails as well as a lane divider. The lane divider has at least one movable divider which divides the stream of transported items. A middle divider can project against the direction of transport and side dividers can be set back staggered. In an embodiment, the lane divider has a frame to which the dividers are attached. The apparatus also has a device for driving the lane divider, so that the at least one divider carries out a back-and-forth movement in the direction of transport and/or transversely to it.

Abstract: The invention related to a device for examining filled containers for foreign bodies. In an embodiment, the device for examining filled containers for foreign bodies has a transport apparatus for transporting the containers individually in succession in a row on a plane of transport, at least one X-ray source which emits X-rays in a predetermined direction, and an apparatus for recording the X-rays after they have passed through the containers. In an embodiment, the direction in which the X-rays are emitted from the X-ray source is inclined by between 10° and 60° to the plane of transport. In an embodiment, two X-ray sources are provided, namely one arranged above and one below the plane of transport. In an embodiment, the X-ray source is positioned such that the ray course is approximately tangential to the maximum slope of the bulge of the container bottom.

Abstract: An invention related to an X-ray device for the generation of brief X-ray pulses comprising an X-ray tube having a thermionic cathode and an anode and an X-ray generator having a first circuit for the generation of a high-voltage pulse which is applied to the anode for the generation of the X-ray pulse. The X-ray generator further comprising a second circuit by which a low voltage is continuously applied to the anode which pre-heats the X-ray tube and is at most sufficient for the generation of low-energy X-radiation. The first circuit can have a high-voltage power supply unit which charges a high-voltage capacitor which can be applied to the anode via a high-voltage switch. The first circuit can be a Marx generator. There may be only one power supply, which both generates the continuously low voltage and also drives the Marx generator for the generation of the high voltage.

Abstract: To test the reliability of a testing apparatus which tests a large number of objects of the same type for one feature, generates a feature signal for each object and checks the feature signal for fulfilment of a first condition, a test object is conducted to the testing apparatus after a number of objects and the feature signal of the test object is checked for the fulfilment of a second condition. The second condition is that the feature signal of the test object corresponds to a previously entered reference value. The reference value can be entered by storing the feature signal of a test object as a reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus for selective diversion of objects such as containers, packing and packing units of different mass. The apparatus has a first transport device for the objects and a diversion device for diverting predetermined objects from the first transport device onto a second transport device. The intensity with which the objects are diverted from the first transport device onto the second transport device is controlled by means of a controlled device.

Abstract: The apparatus serves to apply a label to a container through the use of an electrooptical device that senses the orientation of the container and sends the signal to a control device that directs the rotation of the containers to a target orientation that allows the label to be applied at a predetermined position on the container. A method for applying a label to a container is also disclosed.

Abstract: A conveyor for moving items may move synchronously with a number of diversion segments for a section and the diversion segments can be individually extended and retracted across the direction of transport, in order to push an item (10) off the conveyor (12). The diversion segments (22) are guided individually in extendable and retractable manner side by side in a carriage (18) in the direction of transport and the carriage (18) can be moved to and fro in the direction of transport. The carriage (18) is generally controlled such that it runs for a section roughly synchronously with the conveyor (12), the length of the section along which the carriage (18) plus the minimum interval between the items. A rail (26) that can be moved across the direction of transport can be provided, with which the diversion segments (22) can optionally be individually coupled.

Abstract: In the system for managing a large number of reusable multi-trip receptacles each of which is marked by a code in an identifiable manner, the multi-trip receptacles are used in a number of cycles in several local stations (20, 21, 22) separated from each other and the code is read at each cycle. Data which have been recorded in the local stations. (20, 21, 22) for the individual multi-trip receptacles are stored allocated to the read code in a central station (10), and are evaluated to establish the number of cycles or uses of each multi-trip receptacle. The age and number of uses of each multi-trip receptacle is established using the data stored in the central station (10) and when a certain age or a certain number of cycles is reached, the local stations (20, 21, 22) are informed that the relevant multi-trip receptacle is no longer to be used.

Abstract: To test the reliability of a testing apparatus which tests a large number of objects of the same type for one feature, generates a feature signal for each object and checks the feature signal for fulfilment of a first condition, a test object is conducted to the testing apparatus after a number of objects and the feature signal of the test object is checked for the fulfilment of a second condition. The second condition is that the feature signal of the test object corresponds to a previously entered reference value. The reference value can be entered by storing the feature signal of a test object as a reference value.

Abstract: To test the reliability of a testing apparatus which checks multiple objects of the same type for one set feature, generates a feature signal for each object and checks the feature signal with respect to fulfillment of one first set condition, a test object is inserted in the testing apparatus after multiple objects and the feature signal of the test object is checked with respect to the fulfillment of a second condition, the second condition being a feature signal of the test object which corresponds to a previously inputted reference value. The reference value can be inputted by storing the feature signal of a test object as reference value.

Abstract: The device (20) for diverting individual items from a stream of items which are conveyed on a transport apparatus has an extendable and retractable diversion element (22), which is operated via a gear unit (26, 28, 30, 32, 34) by a drive apparatus moving or swinging to and fro and is precisely time-controllable, in order to impart a cross impulse to items to be diverted so that they slide from the transport apparatus (11) across the direction of transport. The diversion element (22) carries out a complete extension and retraction movement during a single to-or-fro movement or swing of the drive apparatus. The drive apparatus moving to and fro can be a pneumatic cylinder (42), and the gear unit which transmits the piston movement to the diversion element (22) can be a coulisse link mechanism (26, 28, 30, 32, 34) or a toggle lever.

Abstract: To test the tightness and/or the correct closure of containers which are transported on a conveyor, the containers succeeding each other at brief time intervals and the containers being sealed by attachment of a closure, a characteristic dependent on the internal pressure (internal-pressure characteristic) of the container is measured. Upon attachment of the closures to the containers, the internal-pressure characteristic or parameters of the closures or containers, knowledge which is necessary to measure the characteristic depending on the internal pressure, are recorded. The containers are marked no later than when the closure is attached in a way which permits the values recorded upon attachment of the closures to be allocated to the respective container.

Abstract: To test the reliability of a testing apparatus which tests a large number of objects of the same type for one feature by generating a feature signal for each object and checking the feature signal for fulfilment of a first condition, a test signal is derived from the feature signals of several objects and the test signal is checked for fulfilment of a second condition. When checking if the test signal fulfils the second condition, the test signal can be compared with a reference value. The test signal can be the average of the feature signals of several objects.

Abstract: To ascertain the fill level of vessels (10), mechanical vibrations are produced in a vessel wall (30) and the vibration pattern is analysed. The vibration is produced in a vessel wall (30) which is contacted by the contents to an extent which varies depending on the fill level, and the vibration pattern is then evaluated to discover to what extent the vessel wall (30) is contacted on the inside by the contents. For this, the decay time, the frequency, the intensity and/or the time integral of the intensity can be evaluated or the site of the maximum intensity of the mechanical vibrations in the vessel wall can be ascertained.

Abstract: To test closed containers, e.g. with regard to residual air volume or the quality and tightness of the closures which are attached to containers, mechanical oscillations are excited in the closure, the mechanical oscillations are analyzed, measurement values are derived from this, these measurement values are compared with pre-set values for acceptable closures and a signal is produced which states whether the measurement value corresponds to a value for an acceptable closure. To increase the reliability of the test, the oscillation properties of the closure blanks (R) are also ascertained before their attachment to the containers (B) and the range of acceptable values of the closures (V) attached to the containers (B) is chosen according to the oscillation properties of the corresponding closure blank (R). The closure blanks (R) can be classified according to their oscillation properties.

Abstract: Rotationally symmetrical containers (10) are transported under backup pressure on a conveying surface (12) limited laterally by railings (14). For rotating the containers (10) at a predetermined site along the conveying surface (12), one of two consecutive containers (10) is arranged stable against one railing (14) and the other stable against the other railing (14) in the direction of conveyance after the site at which the containers are to rotate.

Abstract: Rotationally symmetrical containers (10) are transported under backup pressure on a conveying surface (12) limited laterally by railings (14). For rotating the containers (10) at a predetermined site along the conveying surface (12), one of two consecutive containers (10) is arranged stable against one railing (14) and the other stable against the other railing (14) in the direction of conveyance after the site at which the containers are to rotate.

Abstract: In order to determine parameters of closed containers, primary mechanical oscillations are excited in a container wall. The secondary oscillations which are excited in the container by the primary mechanical oscillations of the container wall and which occur within the space between a closure and the liquid are picked up and analyzed, the parameters being determined from the ascertained frequency characteristic of these oscillations. In addition, the primary oscillations of the closure can also be picked up and analyzed, the internal pressure prevailing in the container being determined from the frequency of these primary oscillations. The frequencies of the primary and secondary oscillations can be determined by analysis of the frequency spectrum. The secondary oscillations can be picked up separately from the primary oscillations in that only those oscillations are picked up which occur within a time measurement window within which the primary oscillations have already decayed.

Abstract: Rotationally symmetrical containers (10) are transported under backup pressure on a conveying surface (12) limited laterally by railings (14). For rotating the containers (10) at a predetermined site along the conveying surface (12), one of two consecutive containers (10) is arranged stable against one railing (14) and the other stable against the other railing (14) in the direction of conveyance after the site at which the containers are to rotate.