Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus applicable to an interface between PSTN and PTN for telephone routing. The interface includes a branch switch, a key system, a network branch switch, and media gateway, etc. The telephone routing method and apparatus of the present invention creates, maintains, and utilizes a call-back routing table to enable a specified PSTN user to call the callback external leased line to reach a specified PTN user in a one-stage dialing manner. The process of one-stage dialing includes PTN call origination to PSTN, PSTN call origination to PTN, and callback tag insertion in the call-back routing table. The call-back routing table consists of a plurality of call-back tags. Each call-back tag consists of at least a data triple, i.e. PTN user identifier, PSTN called party telephone number, and callback leased line identifier.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a dipole antenna capable of supporting multi-band communications, includes a first portion of the antenna in a folded structure, a second portion of the antenna that includes a first coupling pad and a second coupling pad physically separated by a distance, and a current path along the first portion of the antenna and the second portion of the antenna, wherein a first portion of the current path that includes the first coupling pad and the second coupling pad is configured to introduce a slow wave effect if electric current flows through the first portion of the current path.

Abstract: A ferroelectric film includes a plurality of ferroelectric nanodomains configured in a regularly staggered fashion. The ferroelectric film has a quasi 2-dimensional configuration and is comprised of a ferroelectric material. A method for forming a ferroelectric film is also provided. A ferroelectric film comprised of a ferroelectric material is prepared. The ferroelectric film has a quasi 2-dimensional configuration and defines a direction that is normal to the quasi 2-dimensional configuration. An electric field along the normal direction is applied to the ferroelectric film, thereby the ferroelectric film having an array of ferroelectric nanodomains configured in a regularly staggered fashion is obtained.

Abstract: A file repair method for Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) and a UMTS network are disclosed. According to the method, a data structure is established according to a repair request message sent from a user equipment. Each repair block is multicast to the user equipment that requested it by using the original MBMS Bearer Service for file downloading according to the data structure. The present invention does not need any extra traffic and additional control signaling to allow each user equipment to receive required repair blocks.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for executing the handoff process in the wireless networks. The apparatus comprises a processor to execute an identity checking mechanism. When a wireless network station wants to move from a source AP to a destination AP, the wireless network station sends an authentication request message to the destination AP. The identity checking mechanism searches a R0KH table of the destination AP for the R0KH ID contained in the authentication request message, and determines a setting parameter for executing a handoff process. Thereby, the wireless network station may execute the handoff process. A R0KH table of an AP consists of all IDs of R0KHs that can be accessed by the AP.

Abstract: An exemplary spin-polarized electron source includes a cathode, and a one-dimensional nanostructure made of a compound (e.g., group III-V) semiconductor with local polarized gap states. The one-dimensional nanostructure includes a first end portion electrically connected with the cathode and a second end portion located/directed away from the cathode. The second end portion of the one-dimensional nanostructure functions as a polarized electron emission tip and is configured (i.e., structured and arranged) for emitting a spin-polarized electron current/beam under an effect of selectably one of a magnetic field induction and a circularly polarized light beam excitation when a predetermined negative bias voltage is applied to the cathode. Furthermore, a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope incorporating such a spin-polarized electron source is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an overflow control method for frame synchronization of base stations in wireless communication network system. The wireless communication network system includes a radio network controller, a first base station, a second base station, and a mobile unit. The radio network controller transmits a plurality of data frames to the first base station and the second base station. The present invention includes the following steps. First, determine whether number of the plurality of data frames received by the second base station is larger than a judging storage capacity. Second, calculate an X and delete X of data frames from the second base station if the number is larger. The X is equal to the result of subtracting the judging storage capacity from the number. Meanwhile, detect a link quality between the mobile unit and the first base station.

Abstract: An exemplary spin-polarized electron source includes a cathode, and a one-dimensional nanostructure made of a compound (e.g., group III-V) semiconductor with local polarized gap states. The one-dimensional nanostructure includes a first end portion electrically connected with the cathode and a second end portion located/directed away from the cathode. The second end portion of the one-dimensional nanostructure functions as a polarized electron emission tip and is configured (i.e., structured and arranged) for emitting a spin-polarized electron current/beam under an effect of selectably one of a magnetic field induction and a circularly polarized light beam excitation when a predetermined negative bias voltage is applied to the cathode. Furthermore, a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope incorporating such a spin-polarized electron source is also provided.

Abstract: A file repair method for Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) and a UMTS network are disclosed. According to the method, a data structure is established according to a repair request message sent from a user equipment. Each repair block is multicast to the user equipment that requested it by using the original MBMS Bearer Service for file downloading according to the data structure. The present invention does not need any extra traffic and additional control signaling to allow each user equipment to receive required repair blocks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus applicable to an interface between PSTN and PTN for telephone routing. The interface includes a branch switch, a key system, a network branch switch, and media gateway, etc. The telephone routing method and apparatus of the present invention creates, maintains, and utilizes a call-back routing table to enable a specified PSTN user to call the callback external leased line to reach a specified PTN user in a one-stage dialing manner. The process of one-stage dialing includes PTN call origination to PSTN, PSTN call origination to PTN, and callback tag insertion in the call-back routing table. The call-back routing table consists of a plurality of call-back tags. Each call-back tag consists of at least a data triple, i.e. PTN user identifier, PSTN called party telephone number, and callback leased line identifier.

Abstract: A ferroelectric film includes a plurality of ferroelectric nanodomains configured in a regularly staggered fashion. The ferroelectric film has a quasi 2-dimensional configuration and is comprised of a ferroelectric material. A method for forming a ferroelectric film is also provided. A ferroelectric film comprised of a ferroelectric material is prepared. The ferroelectric film has a quasi 2-dimensional configuration and defines a direction that is normal to the quasi 2-dimensional configuration. An electric field along the normal direction is applied to the ferroelectric film, thereby the ferroelectric film having an array of ferroelectric nanodomains configured in a regularly staggered fashion is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for accelerating call setup by caching, wherein a user equipment accesses an IMS network via a radio access network and a GPRS core network. The GPRS core network has a HSS recorded with data associated with the user equipment. The IMS network comprises at least one S-CSCF and at least one I-CSCF. The I-CSCF has a cache device. At first, the user equipment sends a register signal which is forwarded to the I-CSCF, and the I-CSCF inquiries the HSS about the services that the user equipment has applied, so as to select an S-CSCF. Then, I-CSCF forwards the register signal to the selected S-CSCF, and the S-CSCF registers to the HSS as being mapped to the user equipment. Finally, when the I-CSCF receives an OK signal, the mapping between the user equipment and the S-CSCF is recorded in the cache device.

Abstract: A system for providing voice communications between an end terminal in a packet data network and a wireless communication device includes a packet communication supporting subsystem, a base station subsystem, and a Voice-over-Internet-Protocol Mobile Switching Center (“VMSC”). The packet communication supporting subsystem communicates with the packet data network and also operates to locate the wireless communication device. The base station subsystem communicates with the wireless communication device, and also communicates the packet data network through the packet communication supporting subsystem in the form of data packets. The VMSC communicates with the packet communication supporting subsystem through a packet-switched network and communicating with the base station subsystem through a circuit-switched network.

Abstract: A multicast management mechanism for mobile networks. The mechanism proposes a multicast table approach to considerably reduce the number of short messages and multimedia messages sent to a service area, thereby reducing its paging cost. The multicast management mechanism for mobile networks includes the steps: establishing a VLR recorder table in a home location register (HLR), to record VLR addresses located by multicast users and the total number of multicast users in each VLR; and establishing LA tables, to record LA addresses in each VLR and the total number of multicast users in each LA.

Abstract: A durable illuminant with simple structure and stable discharge characteristics is provided. Discharge electrodes fixed to respective sealing spacers are inserted into a housing from both ends, the housing constructed from a cylindrical glass material with equal inner radii at both open ends. A discharge chamber is filled with a discharge gas and the sealing spacers are fused and fixed to the housing at this condition.

Abstract: A method of relay transmission in a mobile communication system. The mobile communication system includes at least one base station and a plurality of user equipment units (UEs). When one of the UEs attempts to send a message to the base station, this one of the UEs, referred to as a requesting UE, is capable of using the method of relay transmission to send messages to the base station via another one or more UEs, referred to as relay UEs. The method of relay transmission includes the following steps. First, a relay request confirmation procedure for the requesting UE and the relay UE is performed. Second, a base station confirmation procedure for the requesting UE, the relay UE, and the base station is executed. Next, an identity authentication procedure for the requesting UE, the relay UE, and the base station is performed. After that, a relay start confirmation procedure for the requesting UE and the relay UE is executed.

Abstract: This invention proposes a mobility management method and system for wireless data networks, such as GPRS and UMTS systems. The wireless data network consists of at least one mobile device and one network apparatus. The cells in a wireless data network are partitioned into several routing areas. In the wireless data network, the mobility management activities for a mobile device are characterized by a mobility management finite state machine exercised in both the mobile device and network apparatus. There are three states in the machine: idle state, standby state and ready state. Both the mobile device and network apparatus employ a ready counter, which counts the number of cells crossed by the mobile device in the packet idle period between two packet transmissions. If the counted number reaches a threshold, the mobility management state switches from the ready state to standby state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for channel allocation in a multi-band wireless network. The system includes microcell base stations, at least one macrocell base station, a mobile station, and a channel allocation center. When the mobile station makes/receives a call or executes a handover, the channel allocation center uses repacking on demand (RoD) scheme to allocate a radio channel of either a macrocell base station or a microcell base station to the mobile station. RoD has the following steps. First, a microcell channel is trying to be allocated if available. If no microcell channel is available, a macrocell channel is then trying to be allocated. Third, if no macrocell channel is available, repacking is performed to execute a handover of another mobile station's call from the macrocell to another microcell, and to allocate a reclaimed macrocell channel to the mobile station. Otherwise, no repacking call is available and the mobile station is blocked or forced terminated.

Abstract: A storage stable aqueous dispersion useful in preparing sizing compositions for glass fibers contains a normally solid nucleating agent, a nonionic surfactant, and a base. The nucleating agent is a mixture of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. Also disclosed are the process of making the dispersion, and the use of the sized glass fibers in glass fiber reinforced polyolefin composites having improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and notched and unnotched IZOD.

Abstract: Surface mounting caps 14 are placed onto both ends of a cylindrical housing 12 of a surge absorber element 10. The surface mounting cap 14 is formed by pressing a phosphor bronze plate, and comprises a cap bottom section 30 and a flange section 16. The flange section 16 grabs the outer peripheral end of the cylindrical housing 12 and lead lines 26 of the surge absorber element 10 are snapped and maintained by a binding section 38 provided at the cap bottom section 30.