Abstract: The disclosure discloses an antenna module and an electronic system. The antenna module includes a waterproof protective cover, a transparent cap, a printed circuit board, a wireless communication unit and an antenna unit. The waterproof protective cover is removably assembled onto an opening on a metal shielding case of the electronic system. The water-proof protective cover has a housing slot. The transparent cap is mounted on the waterproof protective cover. A first part of the printed circuit board is inserted into the housing slot. A second part of the printed circuit is located within the metal shielding case. The wireless communication unit is disposed on the second part of the printed circuit board. The antenna unit is disposed on the first part of the printed circuit board and electrically connected with the wireless communication unit.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include an annular diffuser that is configured to scatter light into a ring shaped region. The annular diffuser can include a plurality of axicon lenses or holographic features. The reflective display can include an annular diffuser to shift the direction along which most of the modulated light is scattered away from the direction along which light is specularly reflected by the display devices to reduce specular glare and enhance brightness and/or contrast ratio.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to methods of patterning elongated structures. In one aspect, a method of forming pillars includes providing a substrate and providing a plurality of beads on a surface of the substrate. Regions of the surface without a directly overlying bead are exposed. The method additionally includes selectively etching the exposed regions of the substrate between the beads such that a plurality of pillars is formed under areas masked by the beads. Selectively etching completely removes at least some of the beads. The pillars that are not covered by beads are etched, thereby leaving some pillars taller than others, with the pillar height pending on the amount of time a pillar was left exposed to etchant by a removed bead.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device with one or more protrusions connected to a surface of the EMS device. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a substrate, a stationary electrode over the substrate, and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode. The movable electrode is configured to move to three or more positions across a gap by electrostatic actuation between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode. When the protrusions contact any surface of the EMS device at one of the positions across the gap, the protrusions change the stiffness of the EMS device. At least one of the surfaces in contact with the one or more protrusions is non-rigid. In some implementations, the protrusions have a height greater than about 20 nm.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an inverter and a control method thereof. The inverter includes a first bridge leg having a series of first switch, second switch, third switch, fourth switch and fifth switch, and a second first bridge leg having a series of sixth switch, seventh switch, eighth switch, ninth switch, tenth switch. The control method includes steps of synchronously turning on or off the first switch, second switch, ninth switch and tenth switch, controlling that an on/off state of the third switch or eighth switch is complementary to an on/off state of the first switch, second switch, ninth switch and tenth switch, and synchronously turning on or off the fourth switch, fifth switch, sixth switch and seventh switch.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an inverter and a control method thereof. The inverter includes a first bridge leg having a series of first switch, second switch, third switch, fourth switch and fifth switch, and a second first bridge leg having a series of sixth switch, seventh switch, eighth switch, ninth switch, tenth switch. The control method includes steps of synchronously turning on or off the first switch, second switch, ninth switch and tenth switch, controlling that an on/off state of the third switch or eighth switch is complementary to an on/off state of the first switch, second switch, ninth switch and tenth switch, and synchronously turning on or off the fourth switch, fifth switch, sixth switch and seventh switch.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for diffusing light in a display device, such as a reflective display device. In one aspect, the display can include an array of display elements and an optical diffuser forward of the array. The diffuser can include an optically transmissive filler material and a plurality of spaced-apart protrusions extending into the filler material. The protrusions can have varying heights. In some portions of the diffuser, the protrusions may be formed of optically transmissive material, to provide diffusion. In some other portions, the protrusions may be formed of light absorbing material to form a black mask in those sections.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for driving three-terminal electromechanical systems (EMS) devices. The driving systems and methods described herein include a switched capacitor charge injection circuit that is configured to isolate a single EMS device and transfer a desired amount of charge to the isolated device such that the device can be actuated to produce a desired optical, electrical or mechanical effect. The charge injection circuit can include an operational amplifier and can be connected such that the EMS device is placed in the feedback path of the operational amplifier.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high bit-depth images using spatial vector screening and/or temporal dithering on display devices including display elements that have multiple primary colors. The systems, methods and apparatus described herein can be configured to select a method of rendering high bit-depth images and/or videos on low bit-depth devices based on the operating speed of the display device.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an arrangement of pixels and interconnects in a display. In one aspect, polarities of pixels may be in a dot inversion configuration, or checkerboard pattern, to reduce the visibility of flicker. Various interconnect alternatively couple between modules in different columns or rows to provide dot inversion.

Abstract: Some implementations described herein involve defining a viewing angle range, also referred to herein as a viewing cone. The viewing cone may be produced by an array of optical fibers on a display. The optical fiber array may include tapered optical fibers that are capable of increasing the amount of light transmitted through the optical fiber array. The optical fiber array may be a graded index optical fiber array, wherein the refractive index of the optical fiber cores varies along the axis of the optical fibers.

Abstract: This disclosure provides circuits and methods for resetting a movable element, such as a mirror of an interferometric modulator (IMOD), to a consistent starting point or reset position. In one example, a circuit may include three electrodes with a capacitor coupled between two of the electrodes. Additionally, the polarity of one of the electrodes may be configured to switch and reverse in polarity relative to another electrode. Accordingly, the movable element may be moved to a reset position.

Abstract: An optical touch sensor may include traces of photoconductive material formed on a substantially transparent substrate. Each photoconductive trace may be capable of responding to an incident light intensity increase on a portion of the photoconductive trace by increasing the number of charged carriers, thereby raising the electrical conductivity of that portion of the photoconductive trace. An incident light intensity decrease on a portion of the photoconductive trace will lower the electrical conductivity of that portion of the photoconductive trace. The corresponding changes in voltage may be measured by circuits that include conductive traces formed substantially perpendicular to, and configured for electrical connection with, the traces of photoconductive material. A diode (such as a Schottky diode) may be formed at the electrical connections between the conductive traces and the photoconductive traces.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses an antenna module and an electronic system. The antenna module includes a waterproof protective cover, a transparent cap, a printed circuit board, a wireless communication unit and an antenna unit. The waterproof protective cover is removably assembled onto an opening on a metal shielding case of the electronic system. The water-proof protective cover has a housing slot. The transparent cap is mounted on the waterproof protective cover. A first part of the printed circuit board is inserted into the housing slot. A second part of the printed circuit is located within the metal shielding case. The wireless communication unit is disposed on the second part of the printed circuit board. The antenna unit is disposed on the first part of the printed circuit board and electrically connected with the wireless communication unit.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include an annular diffuser that is configured to scatter light into a ring shaped region. The annular diffuser can include a plurality of axicon lenses or holographic features. The reflective display can include an annular diffuser to shift the direction along which most of the modulated light is scattered away from the direction along which light is specularly reflected by the display devices to reduce specular glare and enhance brightness and/or contrast ratio.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include an annular diffuser that is configured to scatter light into a ring shaped region. The annular diffuser can include a plurality of axicon lenses or holographic features. The reflective display can include an annular diffuser to shift the direction along which most of the modulated light is scattered away from the direction along which light is specularly reflected by the display devices to reduce specular glare and enhance brightness and/or contrast ratio.

Abstract: A power converter includes a full-bridge converter circuit and a regulation circuit. The full-bridge converter circuit includes a full-bridge circuit having a first and a second input terminals and a first and a second output terminals. The regulation circuit is bridged across the first and the second input terminals of the full-bridge circuit and connected to the first output terminal of the full-bridge circuit. The regulation circuit is configured for operatively regulating an output voltage across the first and the second output terminals of the full-bridge circuit by cooperating with the full-bridge converter circuit, such that the output voltage across the first and the second output terminals of the full-bridge circuit has more than three voltage levels. A method for controlling a power converter is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for an electromechanical systems (EMS) device with one or more protrusions connected to a surface of the EMS device. In one aspect, the EMS device includes a substrate, a stationary electrode over the substrate, and a movable electrode over the stationary electrode. The movable electrode is configured to move to three or more positions across a gap by electrostatic actuation between the movable electrode and the stationary electrode. When the protrusions contact any surface of the EMS device at one of the positions across the gap, the protrusions change the stiffness of the EMS device. At least one of the surfaces in contact with the one or more protrusions is non-rigid. In some implementations, the protrusions have a height greater than about 20 nm.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for electromechanical systems devices including one or more storage capacitors. In one aspect, a device includes a substrate structure, a movable element configured to move relative to the substrate structure, and at least one switch. The movable element includes a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer that form a storage capacitor. The switch is configured to control a flow of charge between a source and the storage capacitor.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include an annular diffuser that is configured to scatter light into a ring shaped region. The annular diffuser can include a plurality of axicon lenses or holographic features. The reflective display can include an annular diffuser to shift the direction along which most of the modulated light is scattered away from the direction along which light is specularly reflected by the display devices to reduce specular glare and enhance brightness and/or contrast ratio.