Abstract: There are provided a battery management apparatus, a battery management method and a battery pack. The battery management apparatus generates a first data set including a first current value, a first voltage value and a first temperature value indicating a current, a voltage and a temperature of a battery. The battery management apparatus generates a second data set from the first data set using an error generator. The battery management apparatus determines a first candidate value, a second candidate value and a third candidate value for a state of charge (SOC) from the first current value, the first data set and the second data set, respectively. The control unit determines the first candidate value or the second candidate value as the SOC based on a first difference value between the first candidate value and the second candidate value.

Abstract: A disclosed apparatus for accomplishing such a task may include (1) a circuit board incorporated into a module designed for insertion into slots of computing devices, (2) at least one conductive contact disposed on the circuit board, (3) a counter circuit disposed on the circuit board and communicatively coupled to the conductive contact, wherein the counter circuit comprises (A) a signal-change detector that detects signal changes as the module is inserted into one of the slots of the computing devices and (B) a counter device that maintains a dynamic count indicative of a number of times that the module has been inserted into one of the slots of the computing devices based at least in part on the signal changes, (4) a battery electrically coupled to the counter circuit, wherein the battery powers the counter device prior to the insertion. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: There are provided a battery management apparatus, a battery management method and a battery pack. The battery management apparatus sets at least one of a plurality of external variables as a valid external variable for each internal variable using a plurality of observational data sets associated with the external variables that can be observed outside a battery cell and a plurality of desired data sets associated with the internal variables that are unobservable outside the battery cell. The observational data set associated with respective valid external variable is used for the machine learning of sub-multilayer perceptron necessary to estimate respective internal variable.

Abstract: Provided in the present application are an air duct system and a refrigeration appliance provided having the same. The air duct system comprises a drying system and a cooling system arranged in cooperation with each other, the cooling system has an evaporator and an air return port and an air supply port arranged on the two sides of the evaporator, and the drying system is disposed between the air return port and the evaporator, and comprises an air compressor and an air storage tank connected to each other; the air discharged by the air return port passes in sequence through the air compressor and the air storage tank and then flows to the evaporator, so that the air passing through the evaporator is dried, avoiding the problems of frosting and low efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a method of calculating a resistance and a capacitance of an energy storage system, including a current application step of applying a predetermined current having a constant value to the energy storage system; a first voltage measurement step of measuring a voltage of the energy storage system while the predetermined current is applied to the energy storage system; a second voltage measurement step of measuring a voltage of the energy storage system after breaking the predetermined current applied to the energy storage system; and a step of calculating a resistance (R) and a capacitance (C) of the energy storage system based on the voltage of the energy storage system measured in the first voltage measurement step, the voltage of the energy storage system measured in the second voltage measurement step, and the predetermined current having the constant value.

Abstract: A method and a system for stabilizing battery cells of an energy storage system (ESS) to enable uniform charge/discharge without the generation of a state of charge (SOC) deviation among the battery cells by charging/discharging the plurality of battery cells included in a battery rack differently by module unit to minimize the deterioration and impact caused by intermittent charge/discharge.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal; a power normalizer configured to reduce power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time-interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs). In this case, the Physical Layer Pipes include a core layer physical layer pipe corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhanced layer physical layer pipe corresponding to the enhanced layer signal.

Abstract: A state of charge (SOC) estimation method of a battery including: an SOC estimation device estimation mode checking step of checking an operation mode of an SOC estimation device; and an SOC estimation step of estimating an SOC of the battery according to an estimation mode of the SOC estimation device checked in the SOC estimation device operation mode checking step. The SOC estimation step estimates an SOC based on any one of an open circuit voltage during charging, an open circuit voltage during discharging, and an average open circuit voltage according to an estimation mode of the SOC estimation device.

Abstract: An ice crushing device and a refrigerator are provided, the ice crushing device includes a housing assembly including a housing and an ice bucket supported in the housing; a driver for driving the ice bucket to rotate; an ice crusher disposed in the ice bucket; wherein the ice crusher includes an ice cutter shaft fixed with respect to the housing, and several movable ice cutters and several fixed ice cutters disposed on the ice cutter shaft at an interval, each movable ice cutter includes three blades evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, the ice crusher further includes three ice agitating rods connected to the ice cutter shaft, the three ice-agitating rods are fixed corresponding one to one with the three blades, and at least one of the blades or one of the ice agitating rods is fixed relative to circumferential direction of the ice bucket.

Abstract: A battery SOH prediction method of predicting the SOH of a battery in real time during charging/discharging of the battery including constructing and storing a dQ/dV:SOH lookup table for the battery, measuring cycle specific dQ/dV values of a plurality of completely charging-completely discharging and setting an SOH measurement battery voltage based on the measured cycle specific dQ/dV values, measuring an actual dQ/dV value at the set SOH measurement battery voltage at predetermined periodic intervals while charging the battery to predict an SOH, and extracting an SOH value corresponding to the measured actual dQ/dV value from the dQ/dV:SOH lookup table and predicting a real-time SOH of the battery, and a battery pack using the same.

Abstract: A battery cell pass determination apparatus and a battery cell pass determination method involving verifying, after the battery cell is manufactured, whether the capacity of the battery cell repeatedly charged and discharged for a predetermined number of times satisfies a predetermined reference capacity, that is, determining whether a battery cell is a pass without having to charge and discharge a battery for 300 times, so that it is possible to quickly determine whether the battery cell is a pass.

Abstract: Provided are a battery temperature control apparatus, a battery temperature control method and a battery system. The battery temperature control apparatus includes first to nth cooling fans provided in a one-to-one relationship to first to nth battery modules connected in series, first to nth slave management units provided to the first to nth battery modules in a one-to-one relationship, and a master management unit. n is a natural number of 2 or greater. The master management unit determines battery temperature information including first to nth temperature values and a first reference value. The first to nth temperature values indicate temperatures of the first to nth battery modules. The first reference value is an average or a median of the first to nth temperature values. The master management unit controls a rotation speed of each cooling fan based on the battery temperature information.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refrigerator and a beverage supply device thereof. The beverage supply device comprises: a supporting seat, an adapting seat, a liquid outlet mechanism, and a blocking member for fitting with a mouth of a beverage container, the blocking member having a channel fitted with the liquid outlet mechanism, the blocking member being disposed on the adapting seat and rotating synchronously with the adapting seat when the blocking member is located at an initially-assembled position, the beverage container is fitted to the blocking member in a state where the mouth of the beverage container is higher than a liquid level of the beverage; when the blocking member is located at a fully-assembled position, the beverage container is vertically inverted on the blocking member.

Abstract: There are provided a battery management apparatus, a battery management method and a battery pack. The battery management apparatus sets at least one of a plurality of external variables as a valid external variable for each internal variable using a plurality of input data sets associated with the external variables that can be observed outside a battery cell and a plurality of desired data sets associated with the internal variables that are not observed outside the battery cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of processing item sales information in an electronic apparatus, the method including receiving a transaction request for at least one item including a transaction method and transaction amount information, providing, when the transaction method is a specific type of transaction method and a time in which the transaction request is received is included in a time section or within a time period corresponding to the transaction method, a transaction response including approval information corresponding to the transaction request before payment information corresponding to the transaction request is received from a first server corresponding to the transaction method, transmitting a shipping request for at least a portion of the at least one item to a second server, and transmitting a payment request to the first server in response to the time section or the time period ending.

Abstract: Provided is a method of providing a payment service according to various example embodiments. The method of providing a payment service may include acquiring a payment request for an item from a user, identifying whether the acquired payment request satisfies designated conditions, and omitting an additional authentication operation in response to the payment request satisfying the designated conditions and providing payment completion information corresponding to the payment request. Other example embodiments are possible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-inflammatory composition and a composition for treatment of an inflammatory disease, both comprising a composite plant extract and, more particularly, to an anti-inflammatory composition comprising a composite plant extract including a Perilla frutescens extract and an Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi extract; a preparation method thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the composite extract for treatment of an inflammatory disease.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for time interleaving corresponding to hybrid time interleaving mode are disclosed. An apparatus for time interleaving according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a twisted block interleaver configured to perform intra-subframe interleaving corresponding to time interleaving blocks; and a convolutional delay line configured to perform inter-subframe interleaving using an output of the twisted block interleaver.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal; a power normalizer configured to reduce power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time-interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs). In this case, the Physical Layer Pipes include a core layer physical layer pipe corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhanced layer physical layer pipe corresponding to the enhanced layer signal.

Abstract: A method of calculating the SOC of a battery in real time includes a battery parameter measurement operation for measuring current, voltage, temperature, and degradation degree of battery, and a real-time SOC calculation operation for calculating the SOC of the battery in real time based on the measured battery parameter. The real-time SOC calculation operation calculates the SOC of the battery in real time using an Extended Kalman Filter.