Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a broadcast signal frame for signaling a time interleaving mode are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal; a power normalizer configured to perform power-normalizing for reducing the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving after performing the power-normalizing; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling a time interleaving mode corresponding to the time interleaver for each of physical layer pipes (PLPs).

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetic nephropathy is provided. According to the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetic nephropathy comprises an adenosine derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a broadcast signal frame corresponding to a time interleaver supporting a plurality of operation modes are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling time interleaver information corresponding to the time interleaver, the preamble includes a field indicating a start position of a first complete FEC block corresponding to each of physical layer pipes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an acrylamide production system. The acrylamide production system includes a storage device, a reaction kettle, a filter device, an impurity removal device, and a collection device. The storage device is used for storing microbes required for a reaction. A discharge end of the storage device is connected to a feed end of the reaction kettle through a pipeline. A discharge end of the reaction kettle is connected to a feed end of the filter device through a pipeline. A filtrate discharge end of the filter device is connected to a feed end of the impurity removal device through a pipeline. A discharge end of the impurity removal device is connected to the collection device through a pipeline. According to the acrylamide production system of the present disclosure, the whole process for producing an acrylamide aqueous solution is simple, which facilitates producing a high-purity acrylamide solution.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling time interleaver information corresponding to the time interleaver, the time interleaver uses one of time interleaver groups, and a boundary between the time interleaver groups is a boundary between Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) of a core layer corresponding to the core layer signal.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetic nephropathy is provided. According to the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetic nephropathy comprises an adenosine derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 3/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 64-symbol mapping.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a state of charge of a battery, including a sensing unit that measures each of a voltage and a current of the battery, a current integrating unit that calculates a current integration value for a predetermined period, based on the measured current, and a processor operably coupled to the sensing unit and the current integrating unit, the processor adjusts a value of a process noise covariance used by an extended Kalmann filter according to operation characteristics of the battery and estimates a state of charge of the battery based on the adjusted value of the process noise covariance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using a boundary between Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) of a core layer are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, an oral administration agent and an eye drop for preventing or treating retinal diseases or optic nerve diseases comprising the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient and the pharmaceutical composition, the oral administration agent and the eye drop can effectively prevent or treat retinal disease or optic nerve disease.

Abstract: An operating method of a memory controller to update metadata using journaling data in a short time during a booting operation, and to maintain reliability of the updated metadata. The operating method of a memory controller includes loading metadata into sub-regions of a buffer memory, updating the metadata using journaling data in a state that error correction code (ECC) functions of memory controller for the sub-regions are disabled, generating a first parity data of data stored in the first sub-region, and enabling the ECC function of the first sub-region, after the first parity data is generated.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 4/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 64-symbol mapping.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 3/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 64-symbol mapping.

Abstract: A method for estimating a state of charge of an energy storage system using a voltage modeling technique in which different parameters are used according to a charge/discharge state.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 4/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 64-symbol mapping.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling, start position information of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) and time interleaver information shared by the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 2/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 256-symbol mapping.

Abstract: There are provided a battery management apparatus, a battery management method and a battery pack. The battery management apparatus generates a first data set including a first current value, a first voltage value and a first temperature value indicating a current, a voltage and a temperature of a battery. The battery management apparatus generates a second data set from the first data set using an error generator. The battery management apparatus determines a first candidate value, a second candidate value and a third candidate value for a state of charge (SOC) respectively from the first current value, the first data set and the second data set. The control unit updates a correction value when a second difference value between the first candidate value and the third candidate value is smaller than a first difference value between the first candidate value and the second candidate value.

Abstract: There are provided a battery management apparatus, a battery management method and a battery pack. The battery management apparatus generates a first data set including a first current value, a first voltage value and a first temperature value indicating a current, a voltage and a temperature of a battery. The battery management apparatus generates a second data set from the first data set using an error generator. The battery management apparatus determines a first candidate value, a second candidate value and a third candidate value for a state of charge (SOC) from the first current value, the first data set and the second data set, respectively. The control unit determines the first candidate value or the second candidate value as the SOC based on a first difference value between the first candidate value and the second candidate value.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 16200 and a code rate of 3/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for 256-symbol mapping.