Abstract: Pigmentation of the skin, hair and/or nails of individuals is promoted by administering thereto, advantageously topically and advantageously in combination with enzymes exhibiting tyrosinase activity, effective pigmentation-promoting amounts of at least one retinoid compound which comprises a phenolic or naphtholic functional group.

Abstract: Novel pharmaceutically/cosmetically-active polycyclic polyenic compounds have the structural formula (I): ##STR1## and are useful for modulating cellular hormone receptors.

Abstract: The differentiation of preadipocytic cells into adipocytic cells, in particular for correcting insulin-resistance disease states in mammalian organisms, notably in humans, for example type II diabetes and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, is stimulated by treating such preadipocytic cells, or a patient in need of such treatment, with an effective amount of (a) at least one ligand displaying affinity for the nuclear receptors for retinoic acid and/or isomers thereof, preferably at least one ligand displaying a specific affinity for the RAR receptors and even more preferably the RAR-.alpha. receptor and (b) at least one fatty acid, e.g., a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Abstract: The differentiation of preadipocytic cells into adipocytic cells, in particular for correcting insulin-resistance disease states in mammalian organisms, notably in humans, for example type II diabetes and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, is stimulated by treating such preadipocytic cells, or a patient in need of such treatment, with an effective amount of (a) at least one ligand displaying affinity for the nuclear receptors for retinoic acid and/or isomers thereof, preferably at least one ligand displaying a specific affinity for the RAR receptors and even more preferably the RAR-.alpha. receptor and (b) at least one fatty acid, e.g., a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Abstract: The differentiation of preadipocytic cells into adipocytic cells, in particular for correcting insulin-resistance disease states in mammalian organisms, notably in humans, for example type II diabetes and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, is stimulated by treating such preadipocytic cells, or a patient in need of such treatment, with an effective amount of (a) at least one ligand displaying affinity for the nuclear receptors for retinoic acid and/or isomers thereof, preferably at least one ligand displaying a specific affinity for the RAR receptors and even more preferably the RAR-.alpha. receptor and (b) at least one fatty acid, e.g., a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Abstract: A polycyclic aromatic compound having the formula ##STR1## and its salts have useful therapeutic and cosmetic action particularly in psoriasis.In the formula, X represents --CH.dbd.CH--, O or S,R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, branched alkyl having 3-15 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms or 1-adamantyl, R.sub.2 represents hydroxy, hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl having 1-15 carbon atoms or alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not simultaneously hydrogen, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the adjacent carbon atoms of the naphthalene ring form a 5 or 6 chain ring optionally substituted by at least one lower alkyl radical, or interrupted by an oxygen atom,R.sub.3 represents --CH.sub.2 OH or --COR.sub.4, or --CH.sub.3 when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together form a 5 or 6 chain ring,R.sub.4 represents --OR.sub.5 or ##STR2## R.sub.

Abstract: The invention concerns a skin substitute composed of a dermis equivalent covered with an epidermis equivalent. The dermis equivalent is a film formed from a type I collagen gel containing fibroblasts. The epidermis equivalent incorporates a basal membrane equivalent, basal layer cells, in a palisade arrangement attached to the membrane equivalent by hemidesmosomes, cells of the suprabasal layers, granular cells, and flat, keratinized cells arranged near the free surface.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for obtaining a skin substitute and the skin substitute itself. According to this process, a dermis substitute is prepared by mixing contractile cells, a nutritive medium, and collagen, in order to form a contracting gel; this dermis substitute is used as a substrate for an epidermis substitute obtained by culturing, using keratinocytes from an animal or human skin sample. According to the invention, the substrate is implanted with at least one section of a hair follicle retaining at least partially its cellular sheath, this section being implanted perpendicularly to the free surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A polycyclic aromatic compound having the formula ##STR1## and its salts have useful therapeutic and cosmetic action particularly in psoriasis. In the formula,X represents --CH.dbd.CH--, O or S,R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, branched alkyl having 3-15 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms or 1-adamantyl, R.sub.2 represents hydroxy, hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl having 1-15 carbon atoms Or alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not simultaneously hydrogen, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the adjacent carbon atoms of the naphthalene ring form a 5 or 6 chain ring optionally substituted by at least one lower alkyl radical, or interrupted by an oxygen atom,R.sub.3 represents --CH.sub.2 OH or --COR.sub.4, or --CH.sub.3 when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together form a 5 or 6 chain ring,R.sub.4 represents --OR.sub.5 or ##STR2## R.sub.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition is disclosed comprising in combination a retinoid and a sterol capable of inhibiting the biosynthesis of cholesterol resulting in a synergistic effect in the treatment of disorders of epidermic keratinization, proliferation and/or sebaceous function.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition comprising in combination, a retinoid and a sterol inhibits the biosynthesis of cholesterol, is disclosed wherein a synergistic effect, principally in the treatment of disorders of epidermic keratinization, disorders of epidermic or epithelial proliferation and/or disorders of sebaceous function, is exhibited.

Abstract: Bi-aromatic esters have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents H, OH, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH(OH)CH.sub.3, --COOR.sub.9, ##STR2## or SO.sub.2 R.sub.10 ; R.sub.9 represents H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or mono or polyhydroxyalkyl; R.sub.10 represents OH, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or ##STR3## r' and r" represent H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, mono or polyhydroxyalkyl, or r' and r" taken together form a heterocycle; R.sub.2 represents H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, OR.sub.9, F or --CF.sub.3 ; R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent H, F, OH, --CH.sub.3, --OCH.sub.3, --CF.sub.3, --COOH or --CH.sub.2 OH; R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 represent H, .alpha.-substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.15 alkyl, .alpha., .alpha.'-disubstituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 mono or polycyclic cycloalkyl whose linking carbon is trisubstituted, --SR.sub.11, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.11 or --SOR.sub.11 ; R.sub.11 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or cycloalkyl; R.sub.6 and R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new polycyclic aromatic derivatives, to processes for their preparation and to their use in therapeutic and cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: Aromatic heterocyclic derivatives have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents (i)--CH.sub.3, (ii)--CH.sub.2 OH or (iii) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, --OR.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms or mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl or R.sub.3 represents ##STR3## wherein r' and r" represent hydrogen, lower alkyl or together form a heterocycle, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or --CH.sub.3 and Ar represents ##STR4## wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms and R.sub.7 represents alkyl having 4-12 carbon atoms or cycoalkyl, Y is CH or a nitrogen atom and X represents oxygen, sulfur or --N--R.sub.8 when R.sub.8 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl, with the proviso that (i) when Y is CH and X is oxygen or sulfur Ar is other than C and (ii) when Y is nitrogen and X is oxygen, Ar is other than (C) or (D) in which R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sub.7 is branched alkyl having 4-12 atoms.

Abstract: Bi-aromatic esters have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents H, OH, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH(OH)CH.sub.3, --COOR.sub.9, ##STR2## or SO.sub.2 R.sub.10 ; R.sub.9 represents H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or mono or polyhydroxyalkyl; R.sub.10 represents OH, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or ##STR3## r' and r'' represent H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, mono or polyhydroxyalkyl, or r' and r'' taken together form a heterocycle; R.sub.2 represents H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, OR.sub.9, F or --CF.sub.3 ; R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent H, F, OH, --CH.sub.3, --OCH.sub.3, --CF.sub.3, --COOH or --CH.sub.2 OH; R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 represent H, .alpha.-substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.15 alkyl, .alpha.,.alpha.'-disubstituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 mono or polycyclic cycloalkyl whose linking carbon is trisubstituted, --SR.sub.11, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.11 or --SOR.sub.11 ; R.sub.11 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or cycloalkyl; R.sub.6 and R.sub.

Abstract: Processes for preparing 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid as well as esters and amides thereof involves initially preparing the acid by reacting 1-decyne with 1,4-dihalo-2-butyne in the presence of a strong base to form 1-halo-2,5-tetradecadiyne which is then reacted with 5-hexynoic acid so as to form 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid. This acid can then be converted to the acid chloride form and reacted with an alcohol to form an ester or converted to a potassium salt and reacted with a halide also to form an ester, or after conversion to an acid chloride reacted with an amine in the presence of a tertiary amine to form an amide, or the acid can be reacted with carbonyldiimidazole in the presence of a solvent and excess amine to form an amide.

Abstract: Aromatic heterocyclic derivatives have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents (i)--CH.sub.3, (ii)--CH.sub.2 OH or (iii) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, --OR.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms or mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl or R.sub.3 represents ##STR3## wherein r' and r" represent hydrogen, lower alkyl or together form a heterocycle, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or --CH.sub.3 and Ar represents ##STR4## wherein Z is O or S, ##STR5## wherein R.sub.5 is lower alkyl or ##STR6## wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms and R.sub.7 represents alkyl having 4-12 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl, Y is CH or a nitrogen atom and X represents oxygen, sulfur or --N--R.sub.8 when R.sub.8 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl, with the proviso that (i) when Y is CH and X is oxygen or sulfur Ar is other than C and (ii) when Y is nitrogen and X is oxygen, Ar is other than (C) or (D) in which R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents --CH.sub.2).sub.2 or --C.tbd.C--;n is equal to 0, 1 or 2;R represents hydroxyl, alkoxy having the formula --OR.sub.1, or amino having the formula ##STR2## R.sub.1 represents alkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, aryl or aralkyl;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent hydrogen, alkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, aryl or benzyl;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 form, with the nitrogen atom, a heterocyclic ring.Application of these compounds in pharmacy and cosmetics.

Abstract: Aromatic heterocyclic derivatives have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents (i)--CH.sub.3, (ii)--CH.sub.2 OH or (iii) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, --OR.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms or mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl or R.sub.3 represents ##STR3## wherein r' and r" represent hydrogen, lower alkyl or together form a heterocycle, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or --CH.sub.3 and Ar represents ##STR4## wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms and R.sub.7 represents alkyl having 4-12 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl, Y is CH or a nitrogen atom and X represents oxygen, sulfur or --N--R.sub.8 when R.sub.8 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl, with the proviso that (i) when Y is CH and X is oxygen or sulfur Ar is other than C and (ii) when Y is nitrogen and X is oxygen, Ar is other than (C) or (D) in which R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sub.7 is branched alkyl having 4-12 atoms.

Abstract: A benzonaphthalene compound has the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents ##STR2## or (ii) --CH.sub.2 OH; R.sub.6 represents ##STR3## or OR.sub.7 wherein R.sub.7 represents hydrogen, alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, monohydroxyalkyl or polyhydroxyalkyl, r' or r" represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, mono or polyhydroxyalkyl, aryl or a residue of an amino acid or a sugar, or together form a heterocycle; R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, alkyl having 1-15 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-4 carbon atoms or a cycloaliphatic radical; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical, a thiocycloaliphatic radical or --O--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --R.sub.8 wherein R.sub.8 represents lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy or lower acyloxy.This compound is useful in the topical and systemic treatment of dermatologic diseases and in the treatment of the degeneration of conjunctive tissues.