Abstract: Transistors having a high carrier mobility and devices incorporating the same are fabricated by forming a preliminary semiconductor layer in a semiconductor substrate at both sides of a gate pattern. A source/ drain semiconductor layer having a heterojunction with the semiconductor substrate is formed by irradiating a laser beam onto the preliminary semiconductor layer. The source/drain semiconductor layer is formed in a recrystallized single crystal structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device and a method for fabricating the device. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having a cell region and a peripheral region, a cell active region formed in the cell region, and a peripheral active region formed in the peripheral region, wherein the cell active region and the peripheral active region are defined by isolation regions. The semiconductor device further includes a first gate stack formed on the cell active region, a second gate stack formed on the peripheral active region, a cell epitaxial layer formed on an exposed portion of the cell active region, and a peripheral epitaxial layer formed on an exposed portion of the peripheral active region, wherein the height of the peripheral epitaxial layer is greater than the height of the cell epitaxial layer.

Abstract: Integrated circuit devices are provided including a first single-crystalline layer and an insulating layer pattern on the first single-crystalline layer. The insulating layer pattern has an opening therein that partially exposes the first single-crystalline layer. A seed layer is in the opening. A second single-crystalline layer is on the insulating layer pattern and the seed layer. The second single-crystalline layer has a crystalline structure substantially the same as that of the seed layer. A transcription-preventing pattern is on the second single-crystalline layer and a third single-crystalline layer on the transcription-preventing pattern and the second single-crystalline layer. The transcription-preventing pattern is configured to limit transcription of defective portions in the second single-crystalline layer into the third single-crystalline layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor device includes forming at least one gate electrode having a bent structure along a first direction on a semiconductor substrate, the gate electrode having first and second vertical portions, forming at least one semiconductor fin along a second direction on the semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor fin positioned between the first and second vertical portions of the gate electrode, forming a first epitaxial layer on the semiconductor fin, the first epitaxial layer including a source/drain impurity region, and forming a second epitaxial layer on the first epitaxial layer, the second epitaxial layer including a contact impurity region.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices have gate structures on a semiconductor substrate with first spacers on sidewalls of the respective gate structures. First contact pads are positioned between the gate structures and have heights lower than the heights of the gate structures. Second spacers are disposed on sidewalls of the first spacers and on exposed sidewalls of the first contact pads. Second contact pads are disposed on the first contact pads.

Abstract: Methods for forming semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor substrate is etched such that the semiconductor substrate defines a trench and a preliminary active pattern. The trench has a floor and a sidewall. An insulating layer is provided on the floor and the sidewall of the trench and a spacer is formed on the insulating layer such that the spacer is on the sidewall of the trench and on a portion of the floor of the trench. The insulating layer is removed on the floor of the trench and beneath the spacer such that a portion of the floor of the trench is at least partially exposed, the spacer is spaced apart from the floor of the trench and a portion of the preliminary active pattern is partially exposed. A portion of the exposed portion of the preliminary active pattern is partially removed to provide an active pattern that defines a recessed portion beneath the spacer. A buried insulating layer is formed in the recessed portion of the active pattern. Related devices are also provided.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices have gate structures on a semiconductor substrate with first spacers on sidewalls of the respective gate structures. First contact pads are positioned between the gate structures and have heights lower than the heights of the gate structures. Second spacers are disposed on sidewalls of the first spacers and on exposed sidewalls of the first contact pads. Second contact pads are disposed on the first contact pads.

Abstract: A fin field effect transistor (FinFET) includes a first gate and a second gate. The first gate has a vertical part that is defined by sidewalls of a silicon fin and sidewalls of a capping pattern disposed on the silicon fin and a horizontal part horizontally extends from the vertical part. The second gate is made of a low-resistivity material and is in direct contact with the horizontal part of the first gate. A channel may be controlled due to the first gate, and a device operating speed may be enhanced due to the second gate. Related fabrication methods also are described.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device may include forming a fin structure extending from a substrate. The fin structure may include first and second source/drain regions and a channel region therebetween, and the first and second source/drain regions may extend a greater distance from the substrate than the channel region. A gate insulating layer may be formed on the channel region, and a gate electrode may be formed on the gate insulating layer so that the gate insulating layer is between the gate electrode and the channel region. Related devices are also discussed.

Abstract: Provided are a DRAM semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the DRAM semiconductor device. The method provides forming a silicon epitaxial layer on a source/drain region of a cell region and a peripheral circuit region using selective epitaxial growth (SEG), thereby forming a raised active region. In addition, in the DRAM semiconductor device, a metal silicide layer and a metal pad are formed on the silicon epitaxial layer in the source/drain region of the cell region. By doing this, the DRAM device is capable of forming a source/drain region as a shallow junction region, reducing the occurrence of leakage current and lowering the contact resistance with the source/drain region.

Abstract: A method of forming a fin field effect transistor on a semiconductor substrate includes forming an active region in the substrate, forming an epitaxial layer on the active region, and removing a portion of the epitaxial layer to form a vertical fin on the active region. The fin has a width that is narrower than a width of the active region. Removing a portion of the epitaxial layer may include oxidizing a surface of the epitaxial layer and then removing the oxidized surface of the epitaxial layer to decrease the width of the fin. The epitaxial layer may be doped in situ before removing a portion of the epitaxial layer. The method further includes forming a conductive layer on a top surface and on sidewalls of the fin. Related transistors are also discussed.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device may include forming a fin structure extending from a substrate. The fin structure may include first and second source/drain regions and a channel region therebetween, and the first and second source/drain regions may extend a greater distance from the substrate than the channel region. A gate insulating layer may be formed on the channel region, and a gate electrode may be formed on the gate insulating layer so that the gate insulating layer is between the gate electrode and the channel region. Related devices are also discussed.

Abstract: Fin-Field Effect Transistors (Fin-FETs) are provided. A fin is provided on an integrated circuit substrate. The fin defines a trench on the integrated circuit substrate. A first insulation layer is provided in the trench such that a surface of the first insulation layer is recessed beneath a surface of the fin exposing sidewalls of the fin. A protection layer is provided on the first insulation layer and a second insulation layer is provided on the protection layer in the trench such that protection layer is between the second insulation layer and the sidewalls of the fin.

Abstract: A method of forming a fin field effect transistor on a semiconductor substrate includes forming an active region in the substrate, forming an epitaxial layer on the active region, and removing a portion of the epitaxial layer to form a vertical fin on the active region. The fin has a width that is narrower than a width of the active region. Removing a portion of the epitaxial layer may include oxidizing a surface of the epitaxial layer and then removing the oxidized surface of the epitaxial layer to decrease the width of the fin. The epitaxial layer may be doped in situ before removing a portion of the epitaxial layer. The method further includes forming a conductive layer on a top surface and on sidewalls of the fin. Related transistors are also discussed.

Abstract: Integrated circuit field effect transistors include an integrated circuit substrate and a fin that projects away from the integrated circuit substrate, extends along the integrated circuit substrate, and includes a top that is remote from the integrated circuit substrate. A channel region is provided in the fin that is doped a conductivity type and has a higher doping concentration of the conductivity type adjacent the top than remote from the top. A source region and a drain region are provided in the fin on opposite sides of the channel region, and an insulated gate electrode extends across the fin adjacent the channel region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor fin construction useful in FinFET devices that incorporates an upper region and a lower region with wherein the upper region is formed with substantially vertical sidewalls and the lower region is formed with inclined sidewalls to produce a wider base portion. The disclosed semiconductor fin construction will also typically include a horizontal step region at the interface between the upper region and the lower region. Also disclosed are a series of methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices incorporating semiconductor fins having this dual construction and incorporating various combinations of insulating materials such as silicon dioxide and/or silicon nitride for forming shallow trench isolation (STI) structures between adjacent semiconductor fins.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating Fin-Field Effect Transistors (Fin-FETs) are provided. A fin is formed on an integrated circuit substrate. The fin defines a trench on the integrated circuit substrate. A first insulation layer is formed in the trench such that a surface of the first insulation layer is recessed beneath a surface of the fin exposing sidewalls of the fin. A protection layer is formed on the first insulation layer and a second insulation layer is formed on the protection layer in the trench such that protection layer is between the second insulation layer and the sidewalls of the fin. Related Fin-FETs are also provided.

Abstract: Integrated circuit field effect transistors include an integrated circuit substrate and a fin that projects away from the integrated circuit substrate, extends along the integrated circuit substrate, and includes a top that is remote from the integrated circuit substrate. A channel region is provided in the fin that is doped a conductivity type and has a higher doping concentration of the conductivity type adjacent the top than remote from the top. A source region and a drain region are provided in the fin on opposite sides of the channel region, and an insulated gate electrode extends across the fin adjacent the channel region. Related fabrication methods also are described.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a gate electrode formed on an active region of an integrated circuit device and on a field isolation layer adjacent to the active region. A source region and a drain region are in the active region on alternate sides of the gate electrode. At least one buried insulation layer is beneath the drain region or the source region.

Abstract: A field effect transistor includes a vertical fin-shaped semiconductor active region having an upper surface and a pair of opposing sidewalls on a substrate, and an insulated gate electrode on the upper surface and opposing sidewalls of the fin-shaped active region. The insulated gate electrode includes a capping gate insulation layer having a thickness sufficient to preclude formation of an inversion-layer channel along the upper surface of the fin-shaped active region when the transistor is disposed in a forward on-state mode of operation. Related fabrication methods are also discussed.