Abstract: Provided are entropy encoding and entropy decoding for video encoding and decoding. The video entropy decoding method includes: determining a bin string and a bin index for a maximum coding unit that is obtained from a bitstream; determining a value of a syntax element by comparing the determined bin string with bin strings that is assignable to the syntax element in the bin index; storing context variables for the maximum coding unit when the syntax element is a last syntax element in the maximum coding unit, a dependent slice segment is includable in a picture in which the maximum coding unit is included, and the maximum coding unit is a last maximum coding unit in a slice segment; and restoring symbols of the maximum coding unit by using the determined value of the syntax element.

Abstract: Provided are entropy encoding and entropy decoding for video encoding and decoding. The video entropy decoding method includes: determining a bin string and a bin index for a maximum coding unit that is obtained from a bitstream; determining a value of a syntax element by comparing the determined bin string with bin strings that is assignable to the syntax element in the bin index; storing context variables for the maximum coding unit when the syntax element is a last syntax element in the maximum coding unit, a dependent slice segment is includable in a picture in which the maximum coding unit is included, and the maximum coding unit is a last maximum coding unit in a slice segment; and restoring symbols of the maximum coding unit by using the determined value of the syntax element.

Abstract: Provided are entropy encoding and entropy decoding for video encoding and decoding. The video entropy decoding method includes: determining a bin string and a bin index for a maximum coding unit that is obtained from a bitstream; determining a value of a syntax element by comparing the determined bin string with bin strings that is assignable to the syntax element in the bin index; storing context variables for the maximum coding unit when the syntax element is a last syntax element in the maximum coding unit, a dependent slice segment is includable in a picture in which the maximum coding unit is included, and the maximum coding unit is a last maximum coding unit in a slice segment; and restoring symbols of the maximum coding unit by using the determined value of the syntax element.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and a video decoding method according to spatial subdivisions based on splitting a picture into a first tile and a second tile, and splitting a current tile among the first tile and the second tile into at least one slice segment, encoding the first tile and the second tile, independently from each other, and encoding maximum coding units of a current slice segment among the at least one slice segment included in the current tile, with respect to the at least one slice segment included in the current tile.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and a video decoding method according to spatial subdivisions based on splitting a picture into a first tile and a second tile, and splitting a current tile among the first tile and the second tile into at least one slice segment, encoding the first tile and the second tile, independently from each other, and encoding maximum coding units of a current slice segment among the at least one slice segment included in the current tile, with respect to the at least one slice segment included in the current tile.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and a video decoding method according to spatial subdivisions based on splitting a picture into a first tile and a second tile, and splitting a current tile among the first tile and the second tile into at least one slice segment, encoding the first tile and the second tile, independently from each other, and encoding maximum coding units of a current slice segment among the at least one slice segment included in the current tile, with respect to the at least one slice segment included in the current tile.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and a video decoding method according to spatial subdivisions based on splitting a picture into a first tile and a second tile, and splitting a current tile among the first tile and the second tile into at least one slice segment, encoding the first tile and the second tile, independently from each other, and encoding maximum coding units of a current slice segment among the at least one slice segment included in the current tile, with respect to the at least one slice segment included in the current tile.

Abstract: A high level syntax of picture for random access is provided. A video decoding method obtains type information of a random access point (RAP) picture from a header of a network adaptive layer (NAL) unit. The type information of the RAP picture may be classified based on whether a leading picture exists and whether a random access decodable leading (RADL) picture exists. It is determined whether the leading picture is decodable based on the type information of the RAP picture and the RAP picture and a decodable leading picture are decoded.

Abstract: Provided is a video encoding method for a parallel process. The video encoding method includes performing an inter prediction and an intra prediction for pictures included in a group of picture (GOP) and determining an encoding order and reference dependency between the pictures included in the GOP, and generating a predetermined data unit including reference relation information generated based on the encoding order and reference dependency between the pictures included in the GOP.

Abstract: A video stream decoding method includes obtaining random access point (RAP) reference layer number information indicating the number of layers referred to for performing inter layer prediction on RAP images among current layer images and non-RAP reference layer number information indicating the number of different layers referred to for performing inter layer prediction on non-RAP images, from a video stream regarding images encoded for a plurality of layers; obtaining RAP reference layer identification information for each layer referred to for predicting the RAP images based on the obtained RAP reference layer number information, from the video stream; obtaining non-RAP reference layer identification information for each layer referred to for predicting the non-RAP images based on the obtained non-RAP reference layer number information, from the video stream; reconstructing an RAP image of a current layer based on a layer image indicated by the obtained RAP reference layer identification information; and re

Abstract: Provided are methods of encoding and decoding multilayer video. The multilayer video encoding method includes: encoding an image sequence of each of a plurality of layers constituting multilayer video by using inter layer prediction; determining a reference layer referred to by the image sequence of each layer based on a result of the encoding; adding reference layer information of each layer to a first data unit comprising information commonly applied to the image sequence included in the multilayer video; and when a reference layer referred to by the image sequence of each layer is changed at a predetermined point, adding change information of the reference layer to a second data unit.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-layer video encoding method and apparatus, and a multi-layer video decoding method and apparatus, which implement a new multi-layer video prediction structure. The multi-layer video decoding method includes: reconstructing base layer images by performing motion compensation and intra decoding on a base layer stream; and reconstructing enhancement layer images by reconstructing an enhancement layer random access point (RAP) image of a same type corresponding to a base layer RAP image capable of random access from among the base layer images, from an enhancement layer stream and by performing motion compensation and inter-layer decoding using the base layer images on the enhancement layer images including the reconstructed enhancement layer RAP image.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for interpolating an image. The method includes: selecting a first filter, from among a plurality of different filters, for interpolating between pixel values of integer pixel units, according to an interpolation location; and generating at least one pixel value of at least one fractional pixel unit by interpolating between the pixel values of the integer pixel units by using the selected first filter.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for interpolating an image. The method includes: selecting a first filter, from among a plurality of different filters, for interpolating between pixel values of integer pixel units, according to an interpolation location; and generating at least one pixel value of at least one fractional pixel unit by interpolating between the pixel values of the integer pixel units by using the selected first filter.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for interpolating an image. The method includes: selecting a first filter, from among a plurality of different filters, for interpolating between pixel values of integer pixel units, according to an interpolation location; and generating at least one pixel value of at least one fractional pixel unit by interpolating between the pixel values of the integer pixel units by using the selected first filter.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for interpolating an image. The method includes: selecting a first filter, from among a plurality of different filters, for interpolating between pixel values of integer pixel units, according to an interpolation location; and generating at least one pixel value of at least one fractional pixel unit by interpolating between the pixel values of the integer pixel units by using the selected first filter.

Abstract: A multilayer video encoding method includes encoding a multilayer video, generating network adaptive layer (NAL) units for data units included in the encoded multilayer video, and adding scalable extension type information, for a scalable extension of the multilayer video, to a video parameter set (VPS) NAL unit among the NAL units, the VPS NAL unit including VPS information that is information commonly applied to the multilayer video.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and apparatus having temporal scalability, and a video decoding method and apparatus having temporal scalability. The video encoding method includes: splitting pictures included in a picture sequence into temporal sub-layers; classifying, as a first temporal layer access picture or a second temporal layer access picture, a temporal layer access picture based on whether a picture encoded after the temporal layer access picture is capable of referring to a picture encoded before the temporal layer access picture; and adding, to transmission unit data including the temporal layer access picture, type syntax information for identifying the first temporal layer access picture and the second temporal layer access picture, wherein the picture encoded after the temporal layer access picture belongs to a same temporal sub-layer as the temporal layer access picture or belongs to an upper temporal sub-layer to the temporal layer access picture.

Abstract: Methods of encoding and decoding multi-view video by performing inter-prediction and inter-view prediction on each of pictures of multi-view video according to views are provided. A prediction encoding method of encoding a multi-view video includes determining a reference picture set; determining at least one reference list between a first reference list and a second reference list; determining one reference picture and reference block for a current block of the current picture using the determined one reference list; and performing inter-prediction or inter-view prediction for the current block using the reference block.

Abstract: A 3D video encoding method includes determining whether a current slice is a depth image from among a texture image and the depth image, the texture image and the depth image being part of a 3D image of a same view and being encoded prior to the current slice; when the determining indicates that the current slice is the depth image, determining whether to encode the depth image by using the texture image; when the determining indicates that the current slice is the texture image, determining whether to encode the texture image by using the depth image; and encoding the texture image and the depth image based on a relationship between the texture image and the depth image, determined based on the determining of whether to encode the depth image by using the texture image and to encode the texture image by using the depth image.