Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding a scalable video comprising a plurality of layers, the method including: obtaining, from a bitstream, first information indicating a number lower than, by 1, a maximum number of layers allowed to refer to a video parameter set with respect to the scalable video from among layers included in each coded video sequence; decoding a first picture included in a first layer; and performing, by a second picture included in a second layer, at least one of inter-layer sample prediction and inter-layer motion prediction between the first layer and the second layer by referring to the decoded first picture, wherein the first layer is a base layer corresponding to a lowest layer of the plurality of layers, the second layer is a layer using a decoding method different from the first layer, and when the first and second layers use different decoding methods, the first information has a value higher than 0.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding or decoding an image based on coding units that are hierarchically split and have various sizes and shapes. The video decoding method includes: splitting an encoded image into largest coding units; parsing, from a bitstream of the image, split information indicating whether to split a coding unit by two; parsing shape information indicating a split shape of a coding unit and including split direction information of a coding unit; and determining a coding unit hierarchically split from the largest coding unit by using the split information and the shape information.

Abstract: Video encoding and decoding accompanying inter prediction and motion compensation in a multi-view video prediction structure. A multi-view video prediction restoring method includes receiving a base view image stream and additional view image streams for two or more additional views; restoring base view images including base view anchor pictures that are I-picture type images by performing motion compensation referring to the base view images by using the base view image stream; and restoring images of a first additional view by performing at least one of disparity compensation referring to the restored base view images and motion compensation referring to images except for an anchor picture having a preceding reproduction order among the images of the first additional view by using an image stream of the first additional view among the additional view image streams.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-layer video decoding method. The multi-layer video decoding method includes: obtaining, from a bitstream, dependency information indicating whether a first layer refers to a second layer; if the dependency information indicates that the first layer refers to the second layer, obtaining a reference picture set of the first layer, based on whether type information of the first layer and type information of the second layer are equal to each other; and decoding encoded data of a current image included in the first layer, based on the reference picture set.

Abstract: Provided is an inter-layer video decoding method including: obtaining prediction mode information of a depth image; generating a prediction block of a current block forming the depth image, based on the obtained prediction mode information; and decoding the depth image by using the prediction block, wherein the obtaining of the prediction mode information includes obtaining a first flag, which indicates whether the depth image allows a method of predicting the depth image by splitting blocks forming the depth image into at least two partitions using a wedgelet as a boundary, and a second flag, which indicates whether the depth image allows a method of predicting the depth image by splitting the blocks forming the depth image into at least two partitions using a contour as a boundary.

Abstract: Provided is an inter-layer video decoding method. The inter-layer video decoding method includes: determining whether a current block is split into two or more regions by using a depth block corresponding to the current block; generating a merge candidate list including at least one merge candidate for the current block, based on a result of the determination; determining motion information of the current block by using motion information of one of the at least one merge candidate included in the merge candidate list; and decoding the current block by using the determined motion information, wherein the generating of the merge candidate list includes determining whether a view synthesis prediction candidate is available as the merge candidate according to the result of the determination.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and a video decoding method according to spatial subdivisions based on splitting a picture into a first tile and a second tile, and splitting a current tile among the first tile and the second tile into at least one slice segment, encoding the first tile and the second tile, independently from each other, and encoding maximum coding units of a current slice segment among the at least one slice segment included in the current tile, with respect to the at least one slice segment included in the current tile.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for interpolating an image. The method includes: selecting a first filter, from among a plurality of different filters, for interpolating between pixel values of integer pixel units, according to an interpolation location; and generating at least one pixel value of at least one fractional pixel unit by interpolating between the pixel values of the integer pixel units by using the selected first filter.

Abstract: Provided are multilayer video encoding/decoding methods. The multilayer video decoding method includes obtaining, from a bitstream, instantaneous decoder refresh (IDR) alignment information specifying whether at least one intra random access point (IRAP) picture for a random access and comprised in a same access unit is limited to being an IDR picture; and reconstructing a multilayer video by decoding encoded data by using the IDR alignment information.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer video decoding method. The multilayer video decoding method may include: acquiring a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit from a bitstream of an encoded image; acquiring layer information, which is commonly used to decode base layer encoded data and enhancement layer encoded data, from a parameter included in the NAL unit; and reconstructing the multilayer image by decoding the base layer encoded data and the enhancement layer encoded data by using the layer information, wherein the parameter uses two or more bits to represent any one of information about a profile, tier, and level of layers constituting the multilayer, information about a phase alignment mode of a luma sample grid between layers constituting the multilayer, information about a picture type alignment mode between layers constituting the multilayer, and information specifying a layer set to be decoded.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-layer video decoding method for efficiently obtaining, from a bitstream, information indicating a maximum size of a decoded picture buffer (DPB) regarding a layer set including a plurality of layers.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method including acquiring, from a bitstream, segment-wise direct component (DC) coding (SDC) mode information indicating whether an SDC mode is allowed in a depth image; determining prediction mode information and partition mode information applied to a coding unit of the depth image; acquiring an SDC flag indicating whether an SDC mode is applied to the coding unit from the bitstream according to the SDC mode information, the prediction mode information, and the partition mode information; acquiring a residual DC value corresponding to a prediction unit of the coding unit from the bitstream when the SDC flag indicates that the SDC mode is applied to the coding unit; and reconstructing a current block of the prediction unit by using the residual DC value and prediction values of the prediction unit, wherein the residual DC value is acquired from a residual block of the prediction unit.

Abstract: An inter-view video decoding method may include determining a disparity vector of a current second-view depth block by using a specific sample value selected within a sample value range determined based on a preset bit-depth, detecting a first-view depth block corresponding to the current second-view depth block by using the disparity vector, and reconstructing the current second-view depth block by generating a prediction block of the current second-view depth block based on coding information of the first-view depth block.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer video decoding method including acquiring reset information indicating whether to reset a picture order count (POC) of a current picture, resetting a higher bit of the POC of the current picture based on the reset information, and decoding the current picture by using the reset POC.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for interpolating an image. The method includes: selecting a first filter, from among a plurality of different filters, for interpolating between pixel values of integer pixel units, according to an interpolation location; and generating at least one pixel value of at least one fractional pixel unit by interpolating between the pixel values of the integer pixel units by using the selected first filter.

Abstract: An inter-layer video decoding method according to an embodiment may include: reconstructing a color image and a depth image of a first layer based on encoding information about the color image and the depth image of the first layer obtained from a bitstream; when it is determined that a prediction mode of a current block of a second layer image to be decoded is a view synthesized prediction mode wherein prediction is performed based on an image synthesized from the first layer image, determining whether to perform luminance compensation on the second layer current block to be reconstructed; and reconstructing the current block by determining whether to apply a view synthesized prediction mode to the current block, according to a result of the determining of whether to perform the luminance compensation.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for interpolating an image. The method includes: selecting a first filter, from among a plurality of different filters, for interpolating between pixel values of integer pixel units, according to an interpolation location; and generating at least one pixel value of at least one fractional pixel unit by interpolating between the pixel values of the integer pixel units by using the selected first filter.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer video decoding method including obtaining a multilayer video bitstream; determining, based on the obtained multilayer video bitstream, whether or not a default reference type, in which at least one layer is inter-layer predicted by using at least one reference layer by default, is used; and inter-layer predicting the at least one layer by using the at least one reference layer according to the default reference type, based on the determining of whether or not the default reference type is used, and decoding an image including the at least one layer.

Abstract: An inter-layer video encoding method includes configuring at least one prediction mode as a simplified depth coding (SDC) mode; determining a prediction mode with respect to a current block of a depth image; generating a prediction block of the current block by using the prediction mode; and generating a bitstream by encoding the depth image by using the prediction block.

Abstract: Provided is a merge mode for determining, by using motion information of another block, motion information of pictures that construct a multiview video. A multiview video decoding method includes obtaining motion inheritance information specifying whether or not motion information of a corresponding block of a first layer which corresponds to a current block of a second layer is available as motion information of the second layer, obtaining a merge candidate list by selectively including the motion information of the corresponding block in merge candidates when the current block that was encoded according to the merge mode is decoded, determining a merge candidate included in the merge candidate list according to merge candidate index information, and obtaining motion information of the current block, based on the merge candidate.