Abstract: An inlet duct for a vehicle battery system includes an inlet part having an inlet hole open toward a vehicle interior, outlet parts divided from the inlet part and having outlet holes so as to supply air introduced to the inlet hole to the battery system via two separated paths, and a grill provided in the inlet part by having multiple ribs forming a grid to cover the inlet hole.

Abstract: A three-dimensional semiconductor integrated circuit device including an inter-die interface is provided. The device includes a top die including a plurality of micro cells provided on a top surface of the top die, a plurality of micro bumps provided on a bottom surface of the top die, and wiring patterns connecting the plurality of micro cells to the plurality of micro bumps; and a bottom die including a plurality of macro cells provided on a top surface thereof, wherein the plurality of macro cells are electrically connected to the plurality of micro bumps, respectively, wherein a size of a region in which the plurality of micro cells are provided is smaller than a size of a region in which the plurality of micro bumps are provided.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component has a body and a non-conductive resin layer. The non-conductive resin layer includes a body cover portion disposed in a region of an external surface of the body in which an electrode layer of an external electrode is not disposed, and an extending portion extending from the body cover portion between the electrode layer and a conductive resin layer of the external electrode, to thereby suppress arc discharge, improve bending strength, and improve moisture resistance.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for carrying out dose delivery quality assurance for high-precision radiation treatment, in which parameters affecting a pass rate of dose delivery quality assurance can be derived through regression analysis, which is a known statistical analysis method, and a pass rate prediction model capable of predicting each parameter and the pass rate of dose delivery quality assurance can be derived, and accordingly, it can be predicted in advance whether dose delivery quality assurance will be passed according to the parameters through the above prediction model, without repeatedly carrying out dose delivery quality assurance according to a patient's treatment plan, and as a result, the efficiency of dose delivery quality assurance can be enhanced, and the time or capacity required for such quality assurance is reduced, such that radiation treatment for an actual patient can be quickly and precisely carried out.

Abstract: Provided is a polarization decomposition device. The polarization decomposition device includes a polarization beam splitter configured to split an optical signal into a first polarized light having a first polarization direction and a second polarized light having a second polarization direction different from the first polarized light, a phase shifter configured to delay a phase of the first polarized light, a polarization rotator configured to rotate the second polarized light so that the polarization direction of the second polarized light is changed, and an interference beam splitter configured to allow the first polarized light in which the phase is delayed and the second polarized light in which the polarization direction is rotated to interfere with each other and split them into a third polarized light and a fourth polarized light.

Abstract: A transistor structure may include a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a substrate, and a semiconductor member. The semiconductor member overlaps the third electrode and includes a first semiconductor portion, a second semiconductor portion, and a third semiconductor portion. The first semiconductor portion directly contacts the first electrode, is directly connected to the third semiconductor portion, and is connected through the third semiconductor portion to the second semiconductor portion. The second semiconductor portion directly contacts the second electrode and is directly connected to the third semiconductor portion. A minimum distance between the first semiconductor portion and the substrate is unequal to a minimum distance between the second semiconductor portion and the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a beam tracking module, a free-space quantum communication device, and a free-space optical communication device. The beam tracking module for free-space quantum communication includes a controller configured to determine a divergence angle of a reference beam on the basis of divergence angle control data, a beam path control optical part configured to output the reference beam, and a beam transmitter configured to adjust the divergence angle through the beam path control optical part so that the reference beam having the determined divergence angle is output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a quantum key distribution system using an RFI (reference frame independent) QKD (quantum key distribution) protocol, which includes a first signal processing circuit that generates transmission basis information and transmission bit information, a quantum channel transmitter that generates a single photon or coherent light, and modulates the single photon or the coherent light based on the transmission basis information and the transmission bit information to generate a quantum signal, a quantum channel receiver that receives the quantum signal through a quantum channel and detects reception bit information from the quantum signal based on reception basis information, and a second signal processing circuit that generates the reception basis information, transmits the reception basis information to the first signal processing circuit through a public channel, and receives the transmission basis information from the first signal processing circuit through the public channel.

Abstract: A quantum key distribution system using an RFI (reference frame independent) QKD (quantum key distribution) protocol includes a quantum channel transmitter that generates a first quantum signal including quantum information and provides the first quantum signal to an external device through a quantum channel, a first public channel transceiver that generates an optical signal including first additional information related to a QKD operation, and transmits and receives the optical signal through a public channel, a second public channel transceiver that receives the optical signal through the public channel and generates a measurement result by measuring a circular polarization component of the optical signal, and a quantum channel receiver that receives the first quantum signal through the quantum channel, generates a second quantum signal by correcting a polarization distortion of the first quantum signal based on the measurement result, and demodulates the quantum information from the second quantum signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a quantum light source and an optical communication apparatus including the same. The quantum light source device includes a vertical reflection layer disposed on a substrate, a lower electrode layer disposed on the vertical reflection layer, a horizontal reflection layer disposed on the lower electrode layer, a quantum light source disposed in the horizontal reflection layer, and an upper electrode layer disposed on the horizontal reflection layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a quantum information transmitter, a quantum communication system including the same, and an operating method of the quantum information transmitter. The quantum information transmitter includes a light source driver, a light source, and a light modulator. The light source driver generates a first light source driving signal having a first level and a second light source driving signal having a second level. The light source generates a first light signal having a first average number of photons in response to the first light source driving signal, and generates a second light signal having a second average number of photons in response to the second light source driving signal. The optical modulator modulates the first light signal to generate a target signal, and modulates the second light signal to generate a decoy signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a quantum key distribution system using an RFI (reference frame independent) QKD (quantum key distribution) protocol, which includes a first signal processing circuit that generates transmission basis information and transmission bit information, a quantum channel transmitter that generates a single photon or coherent light, and modulates the single photon or the coherent light based on the transmission basis information and the transmission bit information to generate a quantum signal, a quantum channel receiver that receives the quantum signal through a quantum channel and detects reception bit information from the quantum signal based on reception basis information, and a second signal processing circuit that generates the reception basis information, transmits the reception basis information to the first signal processing circuit through a public channel, and receives the transmission basis information from the first signal processing circuit through the public channel.

Abstract: Provided is a light modulation device includes a substrate, a lower clad layer disposed on the substrate, a core layer disposed on the lower clad layer to extend in a first direction which is parallel to a top surface of the substrate, and an upper clad layer covering the core on the lower clad layer. The core layer includes a waveguide layer extending in the first direction; and photonic crystal structures disposed in the waveguide layer and periodically arranged along the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed are a quantum information transmitter, a quantum communication system including the same, and an operating method of the quantum information transmitter. The quantum information transmitter includes a light source driver, a light source, and a light modulator. The light source driver generates a first light source driving signal having a first level and a second light source driving signal having a second level. The light source generates a first light signal having a first average number of photons in response to the first light source driving signal, and generates a second light signal having a second average number of photons in response to the second light source driving signal. The optical modulator modulates the first light signal to generate a target signal, and modulates the second light signal to generate a decoy signal.

Abstract: A transistor structure may include a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a substrate, and a semiconductor member. The semiconductor member overlaps the third electrode and includes a first semiconductor portion, a second semiconductor portion, and a third semiconductor portion. The first semiconductor portion directly contacts the first electrode, is directly connected to the third semiconductor portion, and is connected through the third semiconductor portion to the second semiconductor portion. The second semiconductor portion directly contacts the second electrode and is directly connected to the third semiconductor portion. A minimum distance between the first semiconductor portion and the substrate is unequal to a minimum distance between the second semiconductor portion and the substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes: a semiconductor layer including source (SR), drain (DR), and channel (CR) regions; a first insulating layer (FIL) on the semiconductor layer; a gate line on the FIL and overlapping the CR; a second insulating layer (SIL) on the gate line; a first contact hole (FCH) in the FIL and the SIL, and exposing the SR; a data line on the SIL and contacting the SR; a third insulating layer (TIL) on the data line; a second contact hole (SCH) in the first to third insulating layers and exposing the DR; a drain electrode on the TIL and contacting the DR; a color filter on the TIL and not overlapping the SCH; a pixel electrode (PE) on the color filter and contacting the drain electrode; and an organic layer on the TIL and the PE. Upper surfaces of the organic layer and the PE are substantially coplanar.

Abstract: A transistor structure may include a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a substrate, and a semiconductor member. The semiconductor member overlaps the third electrode and includes a first semiconductor portion, a second semiconductor portion, and a third semiconductor portion. The first semiconductor portion directly contacts the first electrode, is directly connected to the third semiconductor portion, and is connected through the third semiconductor portion to the second semiconductor portion. The second semiconductor portion directly contacts the second electrode and is directly connected to the third semiconductor portion. A minimum distance between the first semiconductor portion and the substrate is unequal to a minimum distance between the second semiconductor portion and the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a quantum light source and an optical communication apparatus including the same. The quantum light source device includes a vertical reflection layer disposed on a substrate, a lower electrode layer disposed on the vertical reflection layer, a horizontal reflection layer disposed on the lower electrode layer, a quantum light source disposed in the horizontal reflection layer, and an upper electrode layer disposed on the horizontal reflection layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. A liquid crystal display comprising: an insulating substrate, a plurality of pixels disposed on the insulating substrate, and a display area in which the pixels are arranged in rows and columns, wherein four pixels arranged successively in a row direction form a domain pattern, and the domain pattern is repeated in the row direction and a column direction in the display area, wherein each pixel in first and second rows of the domain pattern has a first domain orientation, and each pixel in third and fourth rows of the domain pattern has a second domain orientation that is different from the first domain orientation.

Abstract: An optical waveguide structure includes a substrate and a core structure disposed on the substrate. The substrate includes a first waveguide region, a second waveguide region, and a transition region between the first waveguide region and the second waveguide region. The core structure includes first core segments arranged in a first direction and a second direction crossing the first direction on the transition region. The core structure includes second core segments arranged in the first direction and the second direction on the second waveguide region. The first direction and the second direction are parallel to a top surface of the substrate.