Abstract: Methods for multiplex amplification of target nucleic acid sequences using a single pair of primers. Defined sequences are appended to the ends of multiple target sequences as part of the amplification reaction so that no steps in addition to amplification are required. The target sequences with the appended defined sequences need not be isolated prior to amplification. In one embodiment for coamplification of two target sequences, a sequence corresponding to a terminal segment of the first target sequence is appended to one end of the second target sequence and a sequence corresponding to a terminal segment of the second target sequence is appended to one end of the first target sequence. Amplification of the two targets then requires only a single pair of primers. Alternatively, a single defined sequence may be appended to the 5' and 3' ends of any number of selected targets. All such modified target sequences may then be amplified using a single pair of primers which hybridize to the defined end-sequences.

Abstract: In a transdermal cell, a matter volume-adjustment male device includes the lower opening end of the through-space structure having inner wall female threads mateable with first male threads of a screwable matter volume-adjustment male member alternately adjustable upwardly and downwardly between opposite upper and lower female threads-termination points. The screwable matter volume-adjustment member has opposite first upper and lower male threads-termination points, and the inner wall female threads are further concurrently mateable with a bottom closure member having second male threads having opposite second upper and lower male threads-termination points.

Abstract: 5-Acylamino-1,2,4-triazole-3-sulfonamides, which are useful intermediates for the preparation of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide herbicides are prepared from 5-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole by sequential acylation to 5-acylamino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles, chlorination to 5-acylamino-3-chlorosulfonyl-1,2,4-triazoles, and condensation with substituted anilines to 5-acylamino-1,2,4-triazole-3-sulfonamides. 5-Acylamino-3-chlorosulfonyl-1,2,4-triazole compounds are key intermediates in the process.

Abstract: 5-Acylamino-1,2,4-triazole-3-sulfonamides, which are useful intermediates for the preparation of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide herbicides are prepared from 5-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole by sequential acylation to 5-acylamino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles, chlorination to 5-acylamino-3-chlorosulfonyl-1,2,4-triazoles, and condensation with substituted anilines to 5-acylamino-1,2,4-triazole-3-sulfonamides. 5-Acylamino-3-chlorosulfonyl-1,2,4-triazole compounds are key intermediates in the process.

Abstract: 5-Amino-l,2,4-triazole-3-sulfonamides, which are intermediates for substituted 1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide herbicides are prepared in two steps from 5-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole by chlorination in a medium containing an aqueous acid to obtain 5-amino-3-chlorosulfonyl-1,2,4-triazole and subsequent condensation of this intermediate with substituted anilines. The condensation reaction takes place either in the presence or absence of an acid scavenging base.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for making a packaged dough suitable for extended refrigerated storage and to a packaging system for storage of the refrigerated dough. In the packaging system for storage of refrigerated, leavened dough, a substantially rigid tray for receiving a leavened dough product is provided. The tray has a bottom wall and upstanding peripheral side walls to define at least one well. At least one leavened dough product is disposed within the well. The leavening of the dough is at least partially reacted to provide carbon dioxide distributed throughout the dough product. A hermetically sealed cover, extending at least over the top of the side walls to define a chamber containing the dough product and a headspace surrounding the dough product is provided. A gas comprising a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide is disposed in the headspace of the chamber in order to create an equilibrium level of carbon dioxide with the carbon dioxide produced in the dough product.

Abstract: 5-Amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-sulfonamides, which are intermediates for substituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide herbicides are prepared in two steps from 5-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole by chlorination in a medium containing an aqueous acid to obtain 5-amino-3-chlorosulfonyl-1,2,4-triazole and subsequent condensation of this intermediate with substituted anilines. The condensation reaction takes place either in the presence or absence of an acid scavenging base.

Abstract: A vented cartridge comprises a container having a top surface, a bottom surface, and side surfaces connected together to define a predetermined volume. A dip tube extends from the top surface substantially to the bottom surface. A vent tube extends from the top surface and is positioned coaxially with the dip tube. The vent tube has an upper opening positioned in the upper third of the predetermined volume and a lower opening positioned in the lower third of the predetermined volume. A space between an outer surface of the dip tube and an inner surface of the vent tube forms a central fluid communication path between the upper and lower openings and the top surface. An upper valve is positioned at the upper opening for closing the upper opening if the cartridge is oriented with the top surface facing down; a lower valve is positioned at the lower opening for closing the lower opening if the cartridge is oriented with the top surface facing up.

Abstract: The invention is a method for generating nucleic acid sequences ends which comprises;(a) hybridizing a primer to a nucleic acid sequence,(b) hybridizing a primer to the nucleic acid sequence in (a) located 5' to the primer in (a), and(c) polymerizing both primers so that the primer in (a) is displaced from the nucleic acid sequence.The invention provides a method for generating target nucleic acid sequences for subsequent amplification. The method is applicable to both DNA and RNA.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a transdermal patch holder is provided for making possible an ascertaining of drug release rate of a transdermal patch mountable thereon. The holder includes upper and lower spaced-apart aligned annular adapter disc structures forming aligned through-spaces. An upper surface of the lower disc structure has a centrally positioned stepped indentation forming a recess space seatable of the transdermal patch. The lower surface of the upper disc structure has a centrally positioned stepped downwardly-extending projection of slightly lesser cross-section than the cross-section of the recess space and is adapted to downwardly press upon an upper surface of a seated transdermal patch when the upper disc structure is intermittently in a latched state of being latched to the lower disc structure.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for the purification of plasmid and other DNA, both single-stranded and double-stranded, by immobilizing the DNA onto diatomaceous earth in the presence of a chaotropic agent and eluting the DNA with water or low salt buffer. The resulting purified DNA is biologically active. Also included in the invention is a process for the immobilization of DNA onto diatomaceous earth in the presence of a chaotropic agent.

Abstract: 2,3-Difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine is prepared by contacting a 2,3-dihalo-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine with an effective amount of KF or CsF in a polar aprotic solvent (diluent) at an elevated temperature under substantially anhydrous conditions with removal of the difluoropyridine products essentially as they are formed. The starting material may optionally be added as the reaction proceeds to minimize decomposition. The reaction is also optionally conducted in the presence of an acid scavenger and/or a crown ether or other phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: 2,3-Difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine is prepared by contacting a 2,3-dihalo-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine with an effective amount of KF or CsF in a polar aprotic solvent (diluent) at an elevated temperature under substantially anhydrous conditions with removal of the difluoropyridine products essentially as they are formed. The starting material may optionally be added as the reaction proceeds to minimize decomposition. The reaction is also optionally conducted in the presence of an acid scavenger and/or a crown ether or other phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: 3,4-Difluorobenzotrifluoride is prepared by contacting a 3,4-dihalobenzotrifluoride with an effective amount of KF or CsF in a polar aprotic solvent at an elevated temperature under substantially anhydrous conditions. The product can be removed as it is formed or the reaction may be run at the autogenous pressures generated by the reaction mixture in a sealed reactor.

Abstract: Alpha, beta-difluoropyridine compounds are prepared by contacting a 2,3-dihalopyridine compound or suitable precursor thereof with an effective amount of KF or CsF in a polar aprotic solvent (diluent) at an elevated temperature under substantially anhydrous conditions with removal of the difluoropyridine products essentially as they are formed. The starting material may optionally be added as the reaction proceeds to minimize decomposition. The reaction is also optionally conducted in the presence of an acid scavenger and/or a crown ether or other phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A method for making fabric roses is disclosed. The method involves inserting a fabric ribbon between two needle devices which are adapted to hold the fabric ribbon. The needle devices are then rotated by means of a variable speed motor, thus rotating the fabric ribbon. As the fabric ribbon portion rotates, a center portion for a rose is produced. The ribbon is then folded numerous times in a direction away from the two needle devices in order to form the petals of a fabric rose. Once the rose is completed, it is removed from the needle devices and finished by heat-sealing the portions of the ribbon that form the base of the rose. Additional decorative items, such as leaves, ribbon loops and lace may be attached to the fabric roses.

Abstract: A method for making fabric roses is disclosed. The method involves inserting a fabric ribbon between two needle devices which are adapted to hold the fabric ribbon. The needle devices are then rotated by means of a variable speed motor, thus rotating the fabric ribbon. As the fabric ribbon portion rotates, a center portion for a rose is produced. The ribbon is then folded numerous times in a direction away from the two needle devices in order to form the petals of a fabric rose. Once the rose is completed, it is removed from the needle devices and finished by heat-sealing the portions of the ribbon that form the base of the rose. Additional decorative items, such as leaves, ribbon loops and lace may be attached to the fabric roses.

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous preparation of 2,3-difluoro- and 2,3-dichloropyridines from 3-chloro-2-fluoropyridines which comprises passing a 3-chloro-2-fluoropyridine over a carbon based catalyst, optionally in the presence of HF, at elevated temperatures, thereby forming the corresponding 2,3-dichloro- and 2,3-difluoropyridines.

Abstract: Substituted 1,1-difluoro(mono- or dihalo)ethoxybenzeneamines prepared by the reaction of a 1,1-difluoro(mono- or dihalo)ethylene and a substituted hydroxybenzeneamine in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and a polar, aprotic solvent are isolated from the reaction mixture by a two stage distillation without prior dilution with water or other means of removal or neutralization of the alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides present. The products are useful intermediates in the preparation of insecticides and herbicides.