Abstract: An apparatus and method for electrochemically modifying the retention of a species on a chromatography material is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a housing having an effluent flow channel adapted to permit fluid flow therethrough. The effluent flow channel comprises chromatography material. The apparatus further comprises first and second electrodes positioned such that at least a portion of the chromatography material is disposed between the first and second electrodes, and fluid flow through the apparatus is between, and in contact with, the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for electrochemically modifying the retention of a species on a chromatography material is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a housing having an effluent flow channel adapted to permit fluid flow therethrough. The effluent flow channel comprises chromatography material. The apparatus further comprises first and second electrodes positioned such that at least a portion of the chromatography material is disposed between the first and second electrodes, and fluid flow through the apparatus is between, and in contact with, the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing gas bubbles from a fluid includes a fluid inlet and a separation chamber that is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet. The separation chamber has first and second end portions, with the first end portion being operably oriented gravitationally above the second end portion. The apparatus further includes a first gas-permeable, liquid-impermeable membrane disposed in the separation chamber and extending substantially along a first axis defined as extending between the first and second end portions. A permeate side of the membrane is exposed to an environment having a second partial pressure of a target gas, which second partial pressure is lower than a first partial pressure of the gas in the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for electrochemically modifying the retention of a species on a chromatography material is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a housing having an effluent flow channel adapted to permit fluid flow therethrough. The effluent flow channel comprises chromatography material. The apparatus further comprises first and second electrodes positioned such that at least a portion of the chromatography material is disposed between the first and second electrodes, and fluid flow through the apparatus is between, and in contact with, the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for electrochemically modifying the retention of a species on a chromatography material is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a housing having an effluent flow channel adapted to permit fluid flow therethrough. The effluent flow channel comprises chromatography material. The apparatus further comprises first and second electrodes positioned such that at least a portion of the chromatography material is disposed between the first and second electrodes, and fluid flow through the apparatus is between, and in contact with, the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A method for controlling pervaporation through a membrane includes assessing the vapor pressure of each component material of a mobile phase disposed on a retentate side of the membrane, and maintaining a designed environment on a permeate side of the membrane. The environment maintained on the permeate side of the membrane contains partial pressures of selected component materials of the mobile phase at a level substantially equal to or greater than the respective vapor pressures thereof.

Abstract: A fluid analysis apparatus for containing and analyzing a fluid sample includes a cell body assembly having a plurality of distinct portions in fluid communication with one another and with the distinct portions being hydraulically sealed to one another through the use of one or more resilient gaskets interposed between adjacent ones of the plurality of distinct portions of the cell body assembly. The one or more resilient gaskets enable both hydraulic sealing of adjacent distinct portions, as well as fluid coupling and routing through the fluid analysis apparatus.

Abstract: A fluid analysis apparatus for containing and analyzing a fluid sample includes a cell body assembly having a plurality of distinct portions in fluid communication with one another and with the distinct portions being hydraulically sealed to one another through the use of one or more resilient gaskets interposed between adjacent ones of the plurality of distinct portions of the cell body assembly. The one or more resilient gaskets enable both hydraulic sealing of adjacent distinct portions, as well as fluid coupling and routing through the fluid analysis apparatus.

Abstract: An elongated flow-through degassing apparatus includes an elongated gas and liquid impermeable outer tube and one or more gas-permeable, liquid-impermeable elongated inner tubes extending within the outer tube and at least partially through a chamber defined within the outer tube. The apparatus also includes inlet and outlet connection structures operably coupled to respective portions of the outer tube and the inner tubes to further enable a sealed engagement between the outer tube and the inner tubes, and to provide for connection devices to operably couple the degassing apparatus of the present invention to respective spaced apart components. The degassing apparatus is sufficiently flexible so as to be readily manipulatable into desired configurations.

Abstract: An elongated flow-through vacuum degassing apparatus includes an elongated gas and liquid impermeable outer tube and one or more gas-permeable, liquid-impermeable elongated inner tubes extending coaxially within the outer tube. The degassing apparatus further includes a vacuum source adaptor extending from a side wall of the outer tube and co-extensively with a vacuum source coupling aperture in the outer tube so as to create a sealed axial vacuum chamber between the outer tube and the inner tubes. The apparatus also includes inlet and outlet connection structures operably coupled to respective portions of the outer tube and the inner tubes to further enable a sealed engagement between the outer tube and the inner tubes, and to provide for connection devices for operably coupling the degassing apparatus of the present invention to respective components in a chromatographic system. The degassing apparatus is sufficiently flexible so as to be readily manipulatable into desired configurations.

Abstract: A filter apparatus for use in liquid chromatography systems includes a housing component having an open channel formed therethrough for operably receiving fluid transfer tubing in at least a first end thereof, a relatively thin mesh filter component, and a securement component configured to matingly engage with the housing such that the filter component is operably disposed and secured between the housing and the securement component adjacent to and superimposed over a second open end of the channel. The filter apparatus is thus adapted to operably filter chromatographic fluids being drawn through the channels from the second open end and into the fluid transfer tubing.

Abstract: An integrated mobile phase degassing and blending apparatus for transport of liquid chromatography fluids therethrough includes a component having a first portion and a second portion, with the first portion defining an enclosed degassing chamber, and the second portion including a mobile phase blending device, wherein the degassing chamber and the mobile phase blending device are operably coupled to one another such that the liquid chromatography fluids pass directly into the blending device from the degassing chamber. In a particular embodiment, the degassing chamber is specifically configured to accommodate multiple distinct flexible degassing tubes.

Abstract: A flow cell for transporting fluid in a radiant energy field includes a cell structure having a tube extending therethrough including a radiant energy blocking portion integral therewith. In a particular embodiment, the cell structure includes one or more end caps having a protrusion extending therefrom, wherein the protrusion may be inserted into the tube to create a fluid seal, the end caps including open channels for transporting fluid and radiant energy therethrough, and the tube in the cell structure includes an efficient radiant energy transmission lining that is spaced from the end cap protrusions, thereby forming a gap volume in the flow cell open channel, which gap volume may be calibrated such that radiant energy losses may be standardized in respective flow cells transporting fluids having various indexes of refraction.

Abstract: An integrated mobile phase degassing and blending apparatus for transport of liquid chromatography fluids therethrough includes a component having a first portion and a second portion, with the first portion defining an enclosed degassing chamber, and the second portion including a mobile phase blending device, wherein the degassing chamber and the mobile phase blending device are operably coupled to one another such that the liquid chromatography fluids pass directly into the blending device from the degassing chamber. In a particular embodiment, the degassing chamber is specifically configured to accommodate multiple distinct flexible degassing tubes.

Abstract: A flow-dampening degassing apparatus for transport of liquid chromatography fluids therethrough includes a substantially burdoin-shaped flexible tube disposed in a reduced-pressure chamber, the tube being sufficiently flexible to expand in a cross-sectional direction upon incursion of a fluid pulsation to thereby increase an inner volume of the tube and correspondingly reduce fluid pressure therein. In a particular embodiment, the tube is fabricated from a gas-permeable and liquid-impermeable material for degassing transported fluids in the reduced-pressure chamber.

Abstract: A flow cell for transporting fluid in a radiant energy field includes a cell structure having an open channel, and one or more end caps having a protrusion extending therefrom, wherein the protrusion may be inserted into the open channel to create a fluid seal. In a particular embodiment, the end caps include open channels for transporting fluid and radiant energy therethrough, and the open channel in the cell structure includes an efficient radiant energy transmission lining that is spaced from the end cap protrusions, thereby forming a gap volume in the flow cell open channel, which gap volume may be calibrated such that radiant energy losses may be standardized in respective flow cells transporting fluids having various indexes of refraction.

Abstract: A system for conducting high-temperature liquid chromatographic analysis includes a mobile phase transport tube configured to operably convey mobile phase from a source to respective chromatographic instruments in the system, a pre-heater apparatus operably coupled to the mobile phase transport tube for heating the mobile phase to a desired temperature, a chromatographic column operably coupled to the pre-heater apparatus, and including temperature-maintaining means for maintaining the column at a pre-determined temperature and a counter-flow heat exchanger operably exchanging heat from outlet mobile phase to inlet mobile phase through conductive heat transfer means. In a particular embodiment, the mobile phase passing through the chromatographic column is maintained in a substantially adiabatic environment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for electrochemically modifying the retention of a species on a chromatography material is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a housing having an effluent flow channel adapted to permit fluid flow therethrough. The effluent flow channel comprises chromatography material. The apparatus further comprises first and second electrodes positioned such that at least a portion of the chromatography material is disposed between the first and second electrodes, and fluid flow through the apparatus is between, and in contact with, the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A system for conducting high-temperature liquid chromatographic analysis includes a mobile phase transport tube configured to operably convey mobile phase from a source to respective chromatographic instruments in the system, a pre-heater apparatus operably coupled to the mobile phase transport tube for heating the mobile phase to a desired temperature, a chromatographic column operably coupled to the pre-heater apparatus, and including temperature-maintaining means for maintaining the column at a pre-determined temperature and a counter-flow heat exchanger operably exchanging heat from outlet mobile phase to inlet mobile phase through conductive heat transfer means. In a particular embodiment, the mobile phase passing through the chromatographic column is maintained in a substantially adiabatic environment.

Abstract: A flow cell for transporting fluid in a radiant energy field includes a cell structure having a tube extending therethrough including a radiant energy blocking portion integral therewith. In a particular embodiment, the cell structure includes one or more end caps having a protrusion extending therefrom, wherein the protrusion may be inserted into the tube to create a fluid seal, the end caps including open channels for transporting fluid and radiant energy therethrough, and the tube in the cell structure includes an efficient radiant energy transmission lining that is spaced from the end cap protrusions, thereby forming a gap volume in the flow cell open channel, which gap volume may be calibrated such that radiant energy losses may be standardized in respective flow cells transporting fluids having various indexes of refraction.