Abstract: The invention relates to an peptide derived from a polymorphic region of donor MHC class II molecules which induces tolerance and thus prevents transplant rejection in a patient in need thereof. The invention relates to an isolated peptide of 15 or 16 amino acids long that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence: REEYARFDSDVGEYR (SEQ ID NO: 1) or a function-conservative variant for use as drug. The invention relates to an in vitro method for determining whether a transplanted patient is tolerant, comprising a step of determining the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs in a biological sample obtained from said transplanted patient, wherein the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs is indicative of tolerance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new subpopulation of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs, namely IFN?+IL-10+IL-34+ secreting population of CD8+CD45RClow Treg cells, methods for their isolation and expansion and their use as drug, more particularly for immunotherapy as well as biomarker

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for obtaining a population of human Treg cells including the steps of: (a) culturing a population of human monocytes with a medium including an amount of an interleukin-34 (IL-34) polypeptide in order to obtain a population of immunosuppressive macrophages; (b) co-culturing a population of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the population of immunosuppressive macrophages obtained at step (a).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for labeling, detecting and/or isolating Foxp3+ Treg cells from a biological sample containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or lymphocytes including the following steps of: (i) coupling the surface of PBMC or lymphocytes to a capture moiety which binds to the cell through a cell surface molecule and to interleukin-34 (IL34), (ii) culturing the lymphocytes under conditions wherein IL34 is secreted, released and specifically captured by the capture moiety, (iii) labeling the IL34 expressing lymphocytes with a label moiety, and (iv) optionally detecting and/or isolating the IL34 expressing lymphocytes which are Foxp3+ Treg cells. Also disclosed is an isolated population of Foxp3+ Treg cells obtainable by the method and uses thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an isolated anti-CD45RC antibody for use in preventing or treating transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, unwanted immune responses against proteins expressed in the course of gene therapy and/or therapeutic proteins, allergy as well as lymphoma or cancer which are associated with CD45RC+ cells. The invention relates to an isolated anti-CD45RC antibody for use in expanding and/or potentiating regulatory T cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to an isolated interleukin-34 (IL-34) polypeptide for use in preventing or treating graft rejection, autoimmune disease, unwanted immune response against therapeutic proteins and allergy. The invention also provides an in vitro method for determining whether a patient is at risk of transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, unwanted immune response against therapeutic proteins or allergies, comprising a step of determining the expression level of IL-34 in a biological sample obtained from said patient, wherein the presence of IL-34 is indicative of a reduced risk of transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, unwanted immune response against therapeutic proteins or allergies.

Abstract: The invention relates to an peptide derived from a polymorphic region of donor MHC class II molecules which induces tolerance and thus prevents transplant rejection in a patient in need thereof. The invention relates to isolated peptide of length ranging between 11 and 16 amino acids comprising the amino acid sequence: SDVGEYR (SEQ ID NO: 1) or a function-conservative variant thereof for use as drug. The invention relates to an in vitro method for determining whether a transplanted patient is tolerant, comprising a step of determining the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs in a biological sample obtained from said transplanted patient, wherein the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs is indicative of tolerance.

Abstract: The invention relates to an peptide derived from a polymorphic region of donor MHC class II molecules which induces tolerance and thus prevents transplant rejection in a patient in need thereof. The invention relates to an isolated peptide of 15 or 16 amino acids long that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence: REEYARFDSDVGEYR (SEQ ID NO: 1) or a function-conservative variant for use as drug. The invention relates to an in vitro method for determining whether a transplanted patient is tolerant, comprising a step of determining the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs in a biological sample obtained from said transplanted patient, wherein the presence of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs is indicative of tolerance.