Abstract: Described herein is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst treatment system that includes a vanadium-based SCR catalyst contaminated with a water-soluble contaminant. The SCR catalyst treatment system also includes a water delivery system that is configured to apply water to the vanadium-based SCR catalyst to remove the water-soluble contaminant from the vanadium-based SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A method to process exhaust gas expelled from at least one cylinder of a plurality of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising providing an internal combustion engine, wherein the engine comprises a steam hydrocarbon reformer including a steam reformation catalyst, treating exhaust gas of the engine containing hydrocarbon and water by reacting the hydrocarbon and water in the presence of the steam reformation catalyst in the steam hydrocarbon reformer to provide treated exhaust gas. The treated exhaust gas includes carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas produced from the reaction, and mixing the treated exhaust gas, including the carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas produced in the steam hydrocarbon reformer with air to provide the mixture of air and treated exhaust gas introduced into the cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for an internal combustion engine having dedicated EGR and operating at a lean air-fuel ratio. In such engines, one or more cylinders is operable as a dedicated EGR cylinder, such that all of the exhaust produced by the dedicated EGR cylinder(s) may be recirculated to the engine's main (non dedicated) cylinders. Because the engine is lean burn, its exhaust aftertreatment system has a NOx-reducing device. An EGR loop is configured to recirculate EGR from the dedicated EGR cylinder(s) to the engine's intake manifold. A diversion line connects the EGR loop to the exhaust aftertreatment system, thereby delivering EGR as syngas for the NOx-reducing device. The syngas is used either directly as a reductant or to a catalyst that reduces the syngas to ammonia for use as a reductant.

Abstract: A gaseous reductant injection and mixing system is described herein. The system includes an injector for injecting a gaseous reductant into an exhaust gas stream, and a mixer attached to a surface of the injector. The injector includes a plurality of apertures through which the gaseous reductant is injected into an exhaust gas stream. The mixer includes a plurality of fluid deflecting elements.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for determining a feed rate for direct introduction of a reductant gas into an exhaust stream to achieve a NOx emissions target and for controlling a reductant introduction device to admit the reductant gas into the exhaust stream at the determined feed rate.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods for selectively, preferentially, and/or actively removing or trapping SO3 from un-oxidized sulfur constituents in an exhaust gas effluent produced by an internal combustion engine are disclosed. Also disclosed are embodiments for regenerating an SO3 trap.

Abstract: Described herein is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst treatment system that includes a vanadium-based SCR catalyst contaminated with a water-soluble contaminant. The SCR catalyst treatment system also includes a water delivery system that is configured to apply water to the vanadium-based SCR catalyst to remove the water-soluble contaminant from the vanadium-based SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A system and method includes an internal combustion engine capable of producing an exhaust stream and an aftertreatment system operationally coupled to the exhaust stream. The aftertreatment system includes an upstream selective reduction catalyst (SCR) component and a downstream SCR component that are positioned in substantially different thermal environments. The upstream and downstream SCR components are sized to fully treat the entire exhaust stream at a low temperature highest NOx conversion condition, and the downstream SCR component is sized to fully treat the entire exhaust stream at a high temperature highest NOx conversion condition.

Abstract: Described herein is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst treatment system that includes a vanadium-based SCR catalyst contaminated with a water-soluble contaminant. The SCR catalyst treatment system also includes a water delivery system that is configured to apply water to the vanadium-based SCR catalyst to remove the water-soluble contaminant from the vanadium-based SCR catalyst.

Abstract: Reductant delivery systems are disclosed that include a dry reductant source and a liquid reductant source which are operable to selectively provide gaseous reductant and liquid reductant to an exhaust aftertreatment system for treatment and reduction of NOx emissions. The gaseous reductant is provided to the exhaust aftertreatment system for treatment of NOx emissions under a first temperature condition associated with the exhaust system and the liquid reductant for treatment of NOx emissions under a second temperature condition associated with the exhaust system.

Abstract: Solid storage media stores a reductant in a reductant source that is released from the solid storage media in a gaseous form into an exhaust system. A leak detection and/or leak mitigation system, method and apparatus is disclosed for the gaseous reductant.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods for selectively, preferentially, and/or actively removing or trapping SO3 from un-oxidized sulfur constituents in an exhaust gas effluent produced by an internal combustion engine are disclosed. Also disclosed are embodiments for regenerating an SO3 trap.

Abstract: A system and method includes an internal combustion engine capable of producing an exhaust stream and an aftertreatment system operationally coupled to the exhaust stream. The aftertreatment system includes an upstream selective reduction catalyst (SCR) component and a downstream SCR component that are positioned in substantially different thermal environments. The upstream and downstream SCR components are sized to fully treat the entire exhaust stream at a low temperature highest NOx conversion condition, and the downstream SCR component is sized to fully treat the entire exhaust stream at a high temperature highest NOx conversion condition.

Abstract: Described herein is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst treatment system that includes a vanadium-based SCR catalyst contaminated with a water-soluble contaminant. The SCR catalyst treatment system also includes a water delivery system that is configured to apply water to the vanadium-based SCR catalyst to remove the water-soluble contaminant from the vanadium-based SCR catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and system for pressurizing a reductant solution from a reductant storage device and superheating the pressurized reductant solution. The superheated pressurized reductant solution at least partially decomposes in the heat exchanger and/or a decomposition chamber before it is released into an exhaust system. The at least partially decomposed reductant solution is delivered to the exhaust system upstream of the SCR catalyst.

Abstract: Active control of one or more exhaust gas recirculation loops is provided to manage and EGR fraction in the charge flow to produce desired operating conditions and/or provide diagnostics in response to at least one of an oxygen concentration and a NOx concentration in the charge flow and in the exhaust flow.

Abstract: A system and method includes an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine having a reductant stored in a solid storage media. The reductant is released by heating the solid storage media to convert the reductant to gaseous form. The system and method determines the quality of the solid storage media by measuring operating parameters of the aftertreatment system and comparing the operating parameters to expected parameters stored in a memory of a controller of the system.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system includes an internal combustion engine generating an exhaust gas stream and an air intake system coupled to the internal combustion engine. The engine system also includes a turbocharger that includes a turbine in exhaust gas receiving communication with the exhaust gas stream and a compressor in air receiving communication with the air intake line. Further, the engine system includes an exhaust system in exhaust gas receiving communication with the internal combustion engine. The exhaust system has a main exhaust line and a low pressure (LP) exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) line through which at least a portion of the exhaust gas in the main exhaust line downstream of the turbine is flowable into the air intake system. The exhaust system further includes an ammonia oxidation catalyst positioned within the LP EGR line.

Abstract: A gaseous reductant injection and mixing system is described herein. The system includes an injector for injecting a gaseous reductant into an exhaust gas stream, and a mixer attached to a surface of the injector. The injector includes a plurality of apertures through which the gaseous reductant is injected into an exhaust gas stream. The mixer includes a plurality of fluid deflecting elements.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for managing low temperature NOx and HC emissions, such as during a cold start of an internal combustion engine. The systems and methods include storing NOx and HC emissions at low temperatures and passively releasing these emissions as the temperature of the exhaust system increases.