Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a volatile memory region and a non-volatile memory region. The volatile memory region includes a cell capacitor disposed in the substrate and a cell transistor connected to the cell capacitor. The non-volatile memory region includes a plurality of non-volatile memory cells disposed on the substrate. The volatile memory region and the non-volatile memory region are disposed side by side.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a plurality of layers stacked in a first direction, a plurality of unit circuits at least partially overlapping each other in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction and configured to operate in parallel with one another, control circuitry configured to generate a control signal to control the plurality of unit circuits, and a multi-layer conducting line configured to transfer the control signal from the control circuitry to the plurality of unit circuits. The multi-layer conducting line may be integrally formed in a wiring layer and a via layer and extends in the second direction. The wiring layer and the via layer may be adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip includes a substrate. An electrode pad is disposed on the substrate. The electrode pad includes a low-k material layer. A first protection layer at least partially surrounds the electrode pad. The first protection layer includes a first opening at an upper portion thereof. A buffer pad is electrically connected to the electrode pad. A second protection layer at least partially surrounds the buffer pad. The second protection layer includes a second opening at an upper portion thereof. A pillar layer and a solder layer are sequentially stacked on the buffer pad. A thickness of the buffer pad is greater than a thickness of the electrode pad. A width of the first opening in a first direction parallel to an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate is equal to or greater than a width of the second opening in the first direction.

Abstract: A lane detection and lane departure determining device and method are provided. The lane detection device includes a first Region of Interest (ROI) setting unit configured to set a rectangular ROI from an input image which is a road image, a second ROI setting unit configured to set a ?-ROI having distorted trapezoidal shape from the rectangular ROI, and a lane detection unit configured to detect the lane including a left and right lane marking in the ?-ROI. The second ROI setting unit is configured to calculate a merged first line segment through a merging process, obtains a left and right second line segment by scanning brightness, and determines the left and right second line segment as a temporary left and right lane marking when a preset condition is satisfied. The ?-ROI is determined by changing a slope of the temporary left and right lane marking in a predetermined range.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a volatile memory region and a non-volatile memory region. The volatile memory region includes a cell capacitor disposed in the substrate and a cell transistor connected to the cell capacitor. The non-volatile memory region includes a plurality of non-volatile memory cells disposed on the substrate. The volatile memory region and the non-volatile memory region are disposed side by side.

Abstract: A method for controlling gear shifting of a hybrid electric vehicle, which is configured for reducing gear-shifting time, minimizing loss by a drive system, improving fuel efficiency and enhancing drivability and which enables a driver to feel a change in acceleration when the driver manipulates the accelerator pedal during power-on upshift active control operation may include speed control of the driving source of the vehicle based on a change rate of a transmission input speed and feedforward control of the clutch of the engagement element in the transmission, to which a driver requested torque is reflected, which are performed at the same time during power-on upshift active control operation, facilitating the driver to feel a change in acceleration which is produced by his or her driving manipulation.

Abstract: A method for controlling gear shifting of a hybrid electric vehicle, which is configured for reducing gear-shifting time, minimizing loss by a drive system, improving fuel efficiency and enhancing drivability and which enables a driver to feel a change in acceleration when the driver manipulates the accelerator pedal during power-on upshift active control operation may include speed control of the driving source of the vehicle based on a change rate of a transmission input speed and feedforward control of the clutch of the engagement element in the transmission, to which a driver requested torque is reflected, which are performed at the same time during power-on upshift active control operation, facilitating the driver to feel a change in acceleration which is produced by his or her driving manipulation.

Abstract: A 4 wheel drive vehicle removes sense of shift difference through an acceleration shift control mode, and the acceleration shift control mode transfers an independent other drive shaft input torque to a drive shaft not connected to a transmission with respect to a transmission input torque transferred to a drive shaft connected with the transmission, so that a vehicle acceleration in an actual shift section connecting between a fore-section and post-section of the shift can be maintained to be equal to the vehicle acceleration of the fore-section and post-section of the, thereby overcoming the transfer torque change, which is not overcome in a conventional slip control method, speed control method and time control method, when transferring a torque to the drive wheels in the actual shift section and realizing the shift quality without the sense of shift difference.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a shift control method for a hybrid electric vehicle including: controlling a speed of a vehicle driving source; simultaneously controlling a release element and a connection element in a transmission based on a rotation acceleration of a transmission output shaft when shifting by a power-on down shift.

Abstract: Disclosed are new uses of lactic acid bacteria, in particular Lactobacillus plantarum, for protecting animals from pathogenic bacterial infection, specifically, methods for reducing the mortality rate of animals against infection of pathogenic bacteria, methods for reducing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of the animals, as well as methods of increasing and/or stimulating immune system of the animal through the use of such lactic acid bacteria.

Abstract: A multiple channel memory controller includes: an application adaptor that transfers a command or data received from a host to the outside, and transfers a response associated with the transferred command or data to the host; a plurality of memory adaptors that are respectively connected one-to-one to a plurality of memory devices to form corresponding physical channels; and a virtual channel controller that is located between the application adaptor and the plurality of memory adaptors, and transfers the command or data to at least one physical channel allocated to the virtual channel.

Abstract: A lane detection and lane departure determining device and method are provided. The lane detection device includes a first Region of Interest (ROI) setting unit configured to set a rectangular ROI from an input image which is a road image, a second ROI setting unit configured to set a ?-ROI having distorted trapezoidal shape from the rectangular ROI, and a lane detection unit configured to detect the lane including a left and right lane marking in the ?-ROI. The second ROI setting unit is configured to calculate a merged first line segment through a merging process, obtains a left and right second line segment by scanning brightness, and determines the left and right second line segment as a temporary left and right lane marking when a preset condition is satisfied. The ?-ROI is determined by changing a slope of the temporary left and right lane marking in a predetermined range.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and an apparatus for controlling a vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle. An apparatus for controlling a vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle disclosure may include: an engine position detector detecting a position of an engine; an air amount detector detecting an air amount flowing into the engine; an accelerator pedal position detector detecting a position of an accelerator pedal; a vehicle speed detector detecting a speed of the hybrid electric vehicle; and a controller controlling operation of a motor based on the engine position, the air amount, the position of the accelerator pedal, and the speed of the hybrid electric vehicle.

Abstract: A method for determining a connection state of an engine clutch includes: a stroke sensing operation of sensing, by a controller, a change of an actuator stroke of the engine clutch; a first pressure comparing operation of determining whether or not an actuator pressure of the engine clutch exceeds a first set pressure and is then changed to below the first set pressure when the actuator stroke is increased; a torque comparing operation of comparing transfer a torque of the engine clutch with a set torque when the actuator pressure exceeds the first set pressure and is then operated to below the first set pressure; and an open determining operation of determining that the engine clutch is in an open state when the transfer torque of the engine clutch is the set torque or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a shift control method for a hybrid electric vehicle including: controlling a speed of a vehicle driving source; simultaneously controlling a release element and a connection element in a transmission based on a rotation acceleration of a transmission output shaft when shifting by a power-on down shift.

Abstract: A 4 wheel drive vehicle removes sense of shift difference through an acceleration shift control mode, and the acceleration shift control mode transfers an independent other drive shaft input torque to a drive shaft not connected to a transmission with respect to a transmission input torque transferred to a drive shaft connected with the transmission, so that a vehicle acceleration in an actual shift section connecting between a fore-section and post-section of the shift can be maintained to be equal to the vehicle acceleration of the fore-section and post-section of the, thereby overcoming the transfer torque change, which is not overcome in a conventional slip control method, speed control method and time control method, when transferring a torque to the drive wheels in the actual shift section and realizing the shift quality without the sense of shift difference.

Abstract: A method for determining a connection state of an engine clutch includes: a stroke sensing operation of sensing, by a controller, a change of an actuator stroke of the engine clutch; a first pressure comparing operation of determining whether or not an actuator pressure of the engine clutch exceeds a first set pressure and is then changed to below the first set pressure when the actuator stroke is increased; a torque comparing operation of comparing transfer a torque of the engine clutch with a set torque when the actuator pressure exceeds the first set pressure and is then operated to below the first set pressure; and an open determining operation of determining that the engine clutch is in an open state when the transfer torque of the engine clutch is the set torque or less.

Abstract: A scan chain circuit includes first through N-th flip-flops connected in series to sequentially transfer data in response to a control signal, where N is an integer greater than 1. In the first through N-th flip-flops, the data are transferred in a first direction from the first flip-flop to the N-th flip-flop. The control signal is applied to the first through N-th flip-flops in a second direction opposite to the first direction from the N-th flip-flop to the first flip-flop.

Abstract: A shifting control method of a vehicle includes inhibiting, by a controller, a line pressure from being increased when the controller senses a power-off upshift condition of the vehicle, calculating, by the controller, a target speed of a motor after the inhibiting step, synchronizing, by the controller, the motor to the target speed after the calculating step, and increasing, by the controller, an oil pressure of an engagement side clutch of a transmission to complete shifting after the synchronizing step.

Abstract: A shifting control method of a vehicle includes inhibiting, by a controller, a line pressure from being increased when the controller senses a power-off upshift condition of the vehicle, calculating, by the controller, a target speed of a motor after the inhibiting step, synchronizing, by the controller, the motor to the target speed after the calculating step, and increasing, by the controller, an oil pressure of an engagement side clutch of a transmission to complete shifting after the synchronizing step.