Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for establishing an initial access. The apparatuses include a terminal which comprises a receiver which, in operation, is configured to receive candidate synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs) in a synchronization signal (SS) burst set, the candidate SSBs being transmitted within one or more SSB channel occupancy time (SSB COT) from a base station. The terminal further comprises a transmitter which, in operation, is configured to transmit a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble on a PRACH occasion (RO) to the base station, the RO being associated with one SSB among the received candidate SSBs.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides communication apparatuses and communication methods for security in resource pool allocation. The communication apparatuses include a target communication apparatus which comprises a receiver, which in operation, receives a resource information XS from a base station, as well as an authorisation information Xauth and an allocated resource RS1 from a communication apparatus; and circuitry, which in operation, determines whether or not to utilise the allocated resource RS1 based on a verification with the resource information XS and authorisation information Xauth.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides communication apparatuses and communication methods for 5G NR based V2X communications. The communication apparatuses include a communication apparatus which comprises a receiver, which in operation, receives from a base station a first resource information indicating a first resource allocated by the base station; and a transmitter, which in operation, transmits to a target communication apparatus or a plurality of target communication apparatuses including the target communication apparatus a second resource information indicating a second resource allocated to at least the target communication apparatus, the second resource including a whole or a part of the first resource.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides communication apparatuses and communication methods for 5G NR based V2X communications. The communication apparatuses include a communication apparatus which comprises a receiver, which in operation, receives from a base station a first resource information indicating a first resource allocated by the base station; and a transmitter, which in operation, transmits to a target communication apparatus or a plurality of target communication apparatuses including the target communication apparatus a second resource information indicating a second resource allocated to at least the target communication apparatus, the second resource including a whole or a part of the first resource.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides communication apparatuses and communication methods for soft-segregation of resource pool for V2X communication apparatuses. The communication apparatuses include a communication apparatus which comprises circuitry, which, in operation, allocates a resource from a plurality of resources based on resource allocation information, the resource allocation information indicative of a likelihood of allocating the resource from the plurality of resources based on a transmission profile relating to a signal; and a transmitter, which, in operation, transmits the signal to a target communication apparatus using the allocated resource.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for establishing an initial access. The apparatuses include a terminal which comprises a receiver which, in operation, is configured to receive candidate synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs) in a synchronization signal (SS) burst set, the candidate SSBs being transmitted within one or more SSB channel occupancy time (SSB COT) from a base station. The terminal further comprises a transmitter which, in operation, is configured to transmit a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble on a PRACH occasion (RO) to the base station, the RO being associated with one SSB among the received candidate SSBs.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides communication apparatuses and communication methods for 5G NR based V2X communications. The communication apparatuses include a communication apparatus which comprises a receiver, which in operation, receives from a base station a first resource information indicating a first resource allocated by the base station; and a transmitter, which in operation, transmits to a target communication apparatus or a plurality of target communication apparatuses including the target communication apparatus a second resource information indicating a second resource allocated to at least the target communication apparatus, the second resource including a whole or a part of the first resource.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: An offloading method comprising the steps of: when the mobile terminal starts offloading in a first network, transmitting, by the mobile terminal, a first message to a mobility management device performing mobility management of the mobile terminal in a second network, the first message including information indicating that the offloading is started; transmitting, by the mobility management device, a second message to the mobile terminal, the second message including selection information in the second network, the selection information being for selecting, on basis of the first message, as to in which network offloading is to be performed; and deciding, by the mobile terminal, whether the offloading is to be maintained in the first network or whether new offloading is to be performed in the second network on a basis of the selection information included in the second message and judgment information in the first network that the mobile terminal has.

Abstract: With the deployment of the Mobile Routers, some of the mobile devices would access the IP services, e.g. Remote Local IP Access (LIPA), via the local connections provided by the Mobile Router. In such cases, the mobile devices may be detached from the 3GPP access, and thus lose the capability of receiving certain services, e.g. CS domain related services. This invention presented a solution to allow the mobile device to continue enjoying the services provided via 3GPP access by placing the mobile device into a special state and binding Mobile Router's context with the mobile device's context. In this way, the mobile operator's core network would be able to trigger the mobile device to receive the CS service even its 3GPP access connections are removed.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: The present invention introduces system, apparatus and method that reduce wastage of network resources and mobile phone resources. The mobile phone would indicate its status in a tracking area update message when it is connected to the device. The network can then understand from the status indication that the mobile phone is capable of delivering packets to the device, and would thus allow the server to initiate communications. An absence of the status indication would imply the mobile phone is not capable of delivering packets to the device, and the network would then disallow the server to initiate communications.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed, according to which a mobile node, having a plurality of interfaces and performing communication according to flow information when an operator is performing communication based on the flow information as defined by a policy, can select an interface suitable for the flow and can perform communication. According to this technique, a mobile node (MN 10) having a plurality of interfaces has a list to indicate domain limited flows to be transmitted only within a specific network (a trusted network), and a list to indicate the trusted networks. When a certain interface performs handover, and in case there is a domain limited flow that uses the interface, it is decided whether the network of handover destination is a trusted network or not, and in case the network of the handover destination is not a trusted network, it is decided whether it is possible or not to transmit and receive the domain limited flow via another interface that is connected to the trusted network.

Abstract: A technology is disclosed for a mobile device with multiple interfaces to make use of its multiple interfaces capability with Mobile IP. According to this technology, MN (Mobile Node) 100 comprises a cellular interface to connect to the cellular network 112 and a Wireless-LAN interface to connect to the local network 122 and 132, and sends a Binding Update message to set the address of the Wireless-LAN interface to CoA (Care-of Address) to HA (Home Agent) at the cellular network or CN (Correspondent Node) 160. This Binding Update message includes a special label indication that the cellular interface is currently connected to the home network.