Abstract: The present disclosure provides a structure having a low reflectance surface, wherein the structure comprises: a base plate; and a plurality of inclined rods protruding from a first face of the base plate and inclined relative to a normal line to the first face, wherein the inclined rods are spaced from each other. Travel paths of light beams in the structure may be longer along the inclined rods. As a result, a larger amount of light may be absorbed by the structure having a low reflectance surface. The amount of light-beams as reflected from the structure having a low reflectance surface may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a structure having a low reflectance surface, wherein the structure comprises: a base plate; and a plurality of inclined rods protruding from a first face of the base plate and inclined relative to a normal line to the first face, wherein the inclined rods are spaced from each other. Travel paths of light beams in the structure may be longer along the inclined rods. As a result, a larger amount of light may be absorbed by the structure having a low reflectance surface. The amount of light-beams as reflected from the structure having a low reflectance surface may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: An evaporation gas control system includes: a canister that traps evaporation gas generated in a fuel tank, a fuel tank pressure sensor that measures pressure in the fuel tank, a purge control valve that controls a flow of the evaporation gas, which is trapped in the canister, into a surge tank through a purge line, a charger that supplies intake air from the outside into the surge tank, a check valve installed on the purge line to prevent the evaporation gas in the purge line from flowing back to the canister, and a controller that diagnoses whether the check valve is faulty or not, by monitoring a pressure variation in the fuel tank when the charger and the purge control valve operate.

Abstract: A thermostat misdiagnosis prevention method applied to an engine system of the present disclosure applies high speed/high load and low speed/low load, which are divided by a vehicle speed and an engine output detected from the engine system at an engine warm-up temperature of engine coolant, as monitoring conditions of a thermostat, and determines thermostat fail by primarily determining the thermostat fail with the engine coolant temperature of the engine coolant temperature and the outside air temperature detected from the engine system, then confirming a delay time with respect to the outside air temperature, and secondarily determining the thermostat fail with the engine coolant temperature in a monitoring ECU, thereby corresponding to the enhanced OBD together with preventing the misdiagnosis of the thermostat by the fail-safe according to the primary and secondary determinations.

Abstract: A vehicle can include: an engine; an engine-off timer configured to detect an engine-off time for which the engine is turned off; an air temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of air sucked into the engine; a water temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of water in the engine; and a controller configured to determine whether the engine-off timer is operating normally based on the engine-off time detected by the engine-off timer, the temperature of air sucked into the engine detected by the air temperature sensor, and the temperature of water in the engine detected by the water temperature sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a vehicle having improved engine startability using hardware wake-up period control by performing a vehicle state detection mode to which a battery voltage, an engine oil temperature, and an engine coolant temperature are applied by a controller in a key-off state of an engine, a wake-up fuel pressure control mode for determining whether a soaking time reaches a wake-up set time by the count of a key-off timer for 80 minutes, a pump operation control mode for operating a low-pressure fuel pump for approximately 1 second by the current supplied in response to a key-off output signal over the period of 80 minutes, and a wake-up repetition control mode for repeating a number of times the low-pressure fuel pump is operated to maximum 6 times.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a low-pressure EGR system may include a driving information detector configured to detect a vehicle driving state, an EGR amount detector configured to detect an amount of external EGR controlled by a low-pressure EGR valve, and a controller configured to control the low-pressure EGR valve and intake and exhaust valves of an engine, based on the result detected by the driving information detector and the EGR amount detector, wherein the controller controls timings of the intake and exhaust valves to decrease an amount of internal EGR introduced into a cylinder through an exhaust port for a predetermined time when the amount of external EGR is decreased.

Abstract: A method for verifying a CVVD location learning result may include performing a learning value verification control by confirming a position of a control shaft connected to a motor with a signal value of an auxiliary cam sensor for a rotation of a camshaft if a controller determines that a learning value acquired in a short duration and a long duration of a CVVD system is desired to be verified.

Abstract: Provided is a plasma etching method comprising supplying heptafluoropropyl methyl ether (HFE) gas, argon (Ar) gas and oxygen (O2) gas to a plasma chamber receiving an etching target therein, thereby to plasma-etch the etching target.

Abstract: Provided is a plasma etching method comprising supplying both hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) gas and argon (Ar) gas to a plasma chamber receiving an etching target therein, thereby to plasma-etch the etching target.

Abstract: A method for monitoring leakage of an exhaust gas recirculation system for an engine of a vehicle includes: determining, by a controller, whether the engine is in an idle state in which the exhaust gas recirculation system is not operated; determining, by the controller, whether small flow leakage of the exhaust gas recirculation system occurs based on a predicted pressure of gas sucked into an intake manifold connected to the engine and a measured pressure of gas sucked into the intake manifold when the engine is in the idle state; and determining, by the controller, that leakage of the exhaust gas recirculation system occurs when the measured pressure is greater than the predicted pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing mitochondria and, more specifically, to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating muscle diseases or ischemic diseases, containing mitochondria as active ingredients. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains heterologous mitochondria or cells comprising heterologous mitochondria, thereby enabling the mitochondrial activity of cells to which the same is administered to improve. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can be useful in the fundamental prevention or treatment of muscle diseases or ischemic diseases, which occur in relationship with the deterioration of mitochondrial function.

Abstract: A method of preventing an engine stall of a vehicle having a fuel injection device for pressurizing fuel stored in a fuel tank by a high-pressure fuel pump to transmit the fuel to a common rail, and injecting the fuel temporarily stored in the common rail into an engine through an injector may include steps of determining whether or not a drift occurs in an output signal of a high-pressure fuel pressure sensor for measuring fuel pressure at a downstream side of the high-pressure fuel pump, and performing a fuel pressure control by replacing a high-pressure fuel pressure value with a predetermined pressure value based on the output signal of the high-pressure fuel pressure sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for delivering exogenous mitochondria into cells and, more specifically, to a method for efficiently delivering, into the cytoplasm of target cells to be injected, mitochondria isolated from donor cells.

Abstract: An apparatus for variably controlling an alternator is provided. The apparatus includes a controller that determines a state of an engine of a vehicle and calculates a target generation rate. An alternator generates electricity based on the target generation rate and produces generation power. The alternator also variably adjusts responsiveness to the generation based on the determination of the state of the engine and a battery is configured to be charged by the generation power.

Abstract: A vehicle can include: an engine; an engine-off timer configured to detect an engine-off time for which the engine is turned off; an air temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of air sucked into the engine; a water temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of water in the engine; and a controller configured to determine whether the engine-off timer is operating normally based on the engine-off time detected by the engine-off timer, the temperature of air sucked into the engine detected by the air temperature sensor, and the temperature of water in the engine detected by the water temperature sensor.

Abstract: A control method for stability of an intermediate phase Continuously Variable Valve Timing (CVVT) system may include comparing an oil temperature of the intermediate phase CVVT system with a predetermined value, and interrupting an operation of controlling the CVVT system when the oil temperature is lower than the predetermined value, comparing an engine RPM with a predetermined value, and interrupting the operation of controlling the CVVT system when the engine RPM is lower than the predetermined value, and comparing an operating current of the CVVT system with a predetermined management value A when the operation of controlling the CVVT system is not interrupted.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a structure having a low reflectance surface, wherein the structure comprises: a base plate; and a plurality of inclined rods protruding from a first face of the base plate and inclined relative to a normal line to the first face, wherein the inclined rods are spaced from each other. Travel paths of light beams in the structure may be longer along the inclined rods. As a result, a larger amount of light may be absorbed by the structure having a low reflectance surface. The amount of light-beams as reflected from the structure having a low reflectance surface may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a flexible electrode, the method comprising: cleaning a plastic substrate; forming a metal-oxide seed layer on the plastic substrate by sputtering a metal oxide on the plastic substrate; and forming a metal plating layer on the metal oxide seed layer using an electroless plating.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a low-pressure EGR system may include a driving information detector configured to detect a vehicle driving state, an EGR amount detector configured to detect an amount of external EGR controlled by a low-pressure EGR valve, and a controller configured to control the low-pressure EGR valve and intake and exhaust valves of an engine, based on the result detected by the driving information detector and the EGR amount detector, wherein the controller controls timings of the intake and exhaust valves to decrease an amount of internal EGR introduced into a cylinder through an exhaust port for a predetermined time when the amount of external EGR is decreased.