Abstract: A polyimide precursor monomer having an E value of 2.0 or more calculated by Equation 1 is selected among polyimide raw materials. A polyimide includes a structural unit derived from the polyimide precursor monomer having the E value of 2.0 or more. Optical properties of a polyimide film formed from the polyimide can be improved, and the optical properties of a polyimide film can be predicted from the E value of the polyimide precursor monomer even before production of the polyimide film.

Abstract: A display device includes a display area including pixel areas; a non-display area; and a pixel provided in each pixel area. The pixel may include first to third areas divided from each other in a direction; first and second sub-electrodes provided in each of the first to third areas, and spaced apart from each other; light emitting elements provided in each of the first to third areas, and disposed between the first and second sub-electrodes; a bridge pattern disposed in each of the first to third areas under the first and second sub-electrodes of the corresponding area with an insulating layer disposed therebetween; a first contact electrode provided in each of the first to third areas on the first sub-electrode of the corresponding area; and a second contact electrode provided in each of the first to third areas on the second sub-electrode of the corresponding area.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of printing a nanostructure including: preparing a template substrate on which a pattern is formed; forming a replica pattern having an inverse phase of the pattern by coating a polymer thin film on an upper portion of the template substrate, adhering a thermal release tape to an upper portion of the polymer thin film, and separating the polymer thin film from the template substrate; forming a nanostructure by depositing a functional material on the replica pattern; and printing the nanostructure deposited on the replica pattern to a substrate by positioning the nanostructure on the substrate, applying heat and pressure to the nanostructure, and weakening an adhesive force between the thermal release tape and the replica pattern by the heat.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst including preparing a carbon carrier, and depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst on the carbon carrier, in which the carbon carrier is surface-treated by an oxidation process, and wherein the deposition is carried out by an arc plasma process.

Abstract: An image processing device including: a decision pixel manager for setting a decision area for a defect candidate pixel, and determining a first decision pixel and a second decision pixel, based on first phase information of pixels included in the decision area with respect to a first modulation frequency of a sensing light source among the pixels; a target pixel determiner for calculating a phase difference between the first decision pixel and the second decision pixel, based on second phase information of the pixels with respect to a second modulation frequency of the sensing light source, and determining the defect candidate pixel as a target pixel, corresponding to that the phase difference exceeds a predetermined reference value; and a phase corrector for changing a phase of the target pixel, based on the phase difference.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer structure between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, the dielectric layer structure including a first surface facing the lower electrode and a second surface facing the upper electrode. The dielectric layer structure includes a first dielectric layer including a first dielectric material and a plurality of grains extending from the first surface to the second surface and a second dielectric layer including a second dielectric material and surrounding a portion of a sidewall of each of the plurality of grains of the first dielectric layer in a level lower than the second surface. The second dielectric material includes a material having bandgap energy which is higher than bandgap energy of the first dielectric material.

Abstract: A method for operating a storage device capable of improving reliability of a memory system is provided. The method includes providing a storage device which includes a first component and a second component; receiving, via a host interface of the storage device, a command for requesting failure possibility information about the storage device from an external device; and providing, via the host interface, the failure possibility information about the storage device to the external device in response to the command.

Abstract: A mean rate decision method for a clutch motor is disclosed. The method includes determining whether the clutch motor and a gear sensor are in an electrical failure state; when it is determined the clutch motor and the gear sensor are not in the electrical failure state, determining whether there is a driver's starting intention on the basis of state information on the clutch pedal; setting a target position of the clutch motor according to a pedal setting value set by the clutch pedal; and when it is determined that there is no driver's starting intention and that an actual position of the clutch motor exceeds the target position of the clutch motor, determining a failure of the clutch motor on the basis of an excess movement amount and an excess duration in the excess state.

Abstract: A mean rate decision method for a clutch motor is disclosed. The method includes determining whether the clutch motor and a gear sensor are in an electrical failure state; when it is determined the clutch motor and the gear sensor are not in the electrical failure state, determining whether there is a driver's starting intention on the basis of state information on the clutch pedal; setting a target position of the clutch motor according to a pedal setting value set by the clutch pedal; and when it is determined that there is no driver's starting intention and that an actual position of the clutch motor exceeds the target position of the clutch motor, determining a failure of the clutch motor on the basis of an excess movement amount and an excess duration in the excess state.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a low frequency (LF) transmitter, a high frequency receiver, and a control unit. The low frequency (LF) transmitter may be configured to transmit a LF signal in order to search for a remote control device. The high frequency receiver may be configured to receive a signal having a predetermined frequency band which is greater than a frequency band of the LF signal transmitted by the LF transmitter. The control unit may be configured to determine that a relay attack is generated when the signal received by the high frequency receiver is a modulated LF signal.

Abstract: Provided is apparatus for fabricating materials, including: a first mold including a first forming unit pressing a first material, and a second forming mold arranged at a bottom surface of the first forming unit to have an opening exposing the first material and to form at least a part of the first material by being meshed at a part with the first forming unit; a second mold arranged at a bottom surface of the first mold to support a second material; and an interlocking mold including a fixing unit interposed between the first and second molds to fix the second material arranged at the second mold by pressing the second material, and an interlocking unit ascendably and descendibly coupled to the fixing unit to form the second material by pressing the second material in association with the forming of the first material.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a low frequency (LF) transmitter, a high frequency receiver, and a control unit. The low frequency (LF) transmitter may be configured to transmit a LF signal in order to search for a remote control device. The high frequency receiver may be configured to receive a signal having a predetermined frequency band which is greater than a frequency band of the LF signal transmitted by the LF transmitter. The control unit may be configured to determine that a relay attack is generated when the signal received by the high frequency receiver is a modulated LF signal.

Abstract: Provided is apparatus for fabricating materials, including: a first mold including a first forming unit pressing a first material, and a second forming mold arranged at a bottom surface of the first forming unit to have an opening exposing the first material and to form at least a part of the first material by being meshed at a part with the first forming unit; a second mold arranged at a bottom surface of the first mold to support a second material; and an interlocking mold including a fixing unit interposed between the first and second molds to fix the second material arranged at the second mold by pressing the second material, and an interlocking unit ascendably and descendibly coupled to the fixing unit to form the second material by pressing the second material in association with the forming of the first material.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an in-vehicle network attack, is configured to cumulatively count packets for each device that has a respective ID and is connected to an in-vehicle network bus. The apparatus is configured to cumulate a check value every time the packets are cumulatively counted to calculate a cumulated value, and determine that an attack is conducted when an average cumulated value obtained by dividing the cumulated value by a cumulative counted value does not exceed a first threshold value.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an in-vehicle network attack, is configured to cumulatively count packets for each device that has a respective ID and is connected to an in-vehicle network bus. The apparatus is configured to cumulate a check value every time the packets are cumulatively counted to calculate a cumulated value, and determine that an attack is conducted when an average cumulated value obtained by dividing the cumulated value by a cumulative counted value does not exceed a first threshold value.

Abstract: An air filtering device and an air cleaning system of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus to reduce cost and increase manufacturing productivity. The air filtering device may include a frame having an open aperture coupled to an air supply line. A buffer frame configured to be inserted into the frame may include a plurality of slot parts, each slot part having a plurality of air in/out apertures through which air may flow in or out from the buffer frame. A plurality of filters may be releasably fastened to the plurality of slot parts to filter pollution material contained in air flowing through the air in/out apertures. An air interrupter for interrupting air flowing through the air in/out apertures may be used when replacing the plurality of filters, thereby providing purified air to the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus during the replacement.

Abstract: An air filtering device and an air cleaning system of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus to reduce cost and increase manufacturing productivity. The air filtering device may include a frame having an open aperture coupled to an air supply line. A buffer frame configured to be inserted into the frame may include a plurality of slot parts, each slot part having a plurality of air in/out apertures through which air may flow in or out from the buffer frame. A plurality of filters may be releasably fastened to the plurality of slot parts to filter pollution material contained in air flowing through the air in/out apertures. An air interrupter for interrupting air flowing through the air in/out apertures may be used when replacing the plurality of filters, thereby providing purified air to the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus during the replacement.

Abstract: Water discharged at a top region of an eliminator flows, e.g., by gravity into, along, and between the portions of the eliminator while an air flow also travels therein, e.g., horizontally and transverse to the water flow. As the air flow encounters the water, e.g., strikes portions of the eliminator having water flowing downward therealong or encounters water falling between portions of the eliminator, contaminants pass from the air flow to the water flow. The air flow, relieved of certain contaminants, continues onward and the water flow collects at the bottom of the eliminator for filtration and re-circulation through the eliminator.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and system for fabricating a filter structure. The method for fabricating the filter structure comprises preparing a filtering net having mesh patterns, injecting an adhesive on the filtering net, and adhering refining materials to the filtering net coated with the adhesive. Here, the adhesive is injected to have a smaller size than an interval of the mesh patterns. The system for fabricating the filter structure comprises a filtering net, a filtering net transfer device for transferring the filtering net, and an adhesive injection device for injecting an adhesive solution on the filtering net.