Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT) of a passive optical network (PON) detects a fault in an optical path configured as a single optical fiber core having an annular shape, divides the optical path into a right path and a left path having bi-directionality based on the fault position in which the fault has occurred, demultiplexes a plurality of downstream optical wavelength signals to be transmitted to at least one optical network terminal (ONT) of each group into an optical wavelength signal of the right path and an optical wavelength signal of the left path according to the position in which the fault has occurred, and outputs the same to at least one of the ONTs of each group.

Abstract: A sensing apparatus includes: a broadband optical source; a first pseudorandom number generator generating a first pseudorandom number code string to modulate the broadband optical source; at least one sensor reflecting an output of the first pseudorandom number generator at a wavelength corresponding to a center wavelength thereof when the output of the first pseudorandom number generator is inputted; a wavelength-time converter converting an output of the sensor by wavelength-time conversion; a second pseudorandom number generator generating a second pseudorandom number code string which is different in frequency from and is the same in bit length and code string as the first pseudorandom number code string; a mixer mixing an output signal of the wavelength-time converter with an output signal of the second pseudorandom number generator; and an integrator integrating an output of the mixer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a bone transplant material using an extracted tooth, and to a bone transplant material produced by same, and particularly, to a method for producing a bone transplant material which enables the production of bone transplant material in a short amount of time using an extracted tooth of a patient or a similar tooth.

Abstract: Optical modulator having wide bandwidth based on Fabry-Perot resonant reflection is disclosed. The optical modulator includes: a bottom Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer; a top DBR layer including at least one layer, and a modified layer; and an active layer disposed between bottom and top DBR layers, wherein the at least one layer includes at least one pair of a first refractive index layer having a first refractive index and a second refractive index layer having a second refractive index, the modified layer includes at least one pair of a third refractive index layer having a third refractive index and a fourth refractive index layer having a fourth refractive index, the third and the fourth refractive indexes being different, and at least one of the third and the fourth refractive index layers has a second optical thickness that is not ?/4 or that is not an odd multiple thereof.

Abstract: A control method of an image forming control apparatus includes displaying a plurality of setting items about image forming, changing at least one setting value of the plurality of setting items and storing the plurality of setting items, and emphatically displaying a setting item, of which the setting value is changed, among the plurality of setting items.

Abstract: The present invention related to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. More particularly, this method describes how to manufacture a semiconductor device having a porous, low dielectric constant layer formed between metal lines, comprising an insulation layer enveloping fillers.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical image modulator, an optical apparatus including the same, and methods of manufacturing and operating the optical image modulator. The optical image modulator includes a light amount increasing unit increasing the amount of forward light emission of an electric-optical unit. The light amount increasing unit includes a first reflector reflecting light, which travels from the inside of the electric-optical unit toward the optical-electric unit, to the electric-optical unit. The light amount increasing unit may further include a second light reflector reflecting light, which passes through the optical-electric unit without optical-electric conversion, to the optical-electric unit.

Abstract: An all-optical carrier sense multiple access collision detection apparatus and method for checking by using mutual gain saturation whether distortion occurs in two or more optical signals due to mutual interference when the optical signals pass through a semiconductor optical amplifier.

Abstract: Optical modulator having wide bandwidth based on Fabry-Perot resonant reflection is disclosed. The optical modulator includes: a bottom Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer; a top DBR layer including at least one layer, and a modified layer; and an active layer disposed between bottom and top DBR layers, wherein the at least one layer includes at least one pair of a first refractive index layer having a first refractive index and a second refractive index layer having a second refractive index, the modified layer includes at least one pair of a third refractive index layer having a third refractive index and a fourth refractive index layer having a fourth refractive index, the third and the fourth refractive indexes being different, and at least one of the third and the fourth refractive index layers has a second optical thickness that is not ?/4 or that is not an odd multiple thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining feedback information detection in a broadband wireless communication system are provided. In the detection determining apparatus, a demodulator correlates each of tiles carrying received feedback information with an orthogonal vector including a pilot symbol in each possible codeword, each tile being a predetermined number of subcarriers, and calculates the squares of the absolute values of the correlations. A codeword correlation calculator sums the squares of the absolute value of the correlations of the tiles for each possible codeword. A detection decider determines whether to perform detection on the feedback information based on the maximum of the sums.

Abstract: The present invention related to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. More particularly, this method describes how to manufacture a semiconductor device having a porous, low dielectric constant layer formed between metal lines, comprising an insulation layer enveloping fillers.

Abstract: An optical modulator, methods of manufacturing and operating the same, and an optical apparatus including the optical modulator are disclosed. The optical modulator includes an electro-optical converter and an optical-electric converter, stacked perpendicular to a substrate, and a gate transistor. The gate transistor gates a signal transmitted to the electro-optical converter from the optical-electric converter and allows charges generated in the optical-electric converter and charges remaining in the electro-optical converter to flow while bypassing the electro-optical converter when gating ON is performed.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a non-volatile memory device includes forming a charge tunneling layer composed of a hafnium silicate (HfSixOyNz) layer on a semiconductor substrate. A charge trapping layer composed of a hafnium oxide nitride (HfOxNy) layer is formed on the charge tunneling layer. A charge blocking layer composed of a hafnium oxide layer is formed on the charge trapping layer. A gate layer is formed on the charge blocking layer. A non-volatile memory device fabricated by the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optoelectronic shutter, a method of operating the same, and an optical apparatus including the optoelectronic shutter are provided. The optoelectronic shutter includes a phototransistor which generates an output signal from incident input light and a light emitting diode serially connected to the phototransistor. The light emitting diode outputs output light according to the output signal, and the output signal is gain-modulated according to a modulation of a current gain of the phototransistor.

Abstract: An optical DPSK signal demodulator includes a signal separator that separates an optical signal into an input optical signal and an output optical signal in a signal optical path. First and second reflectors are provided at a predetermined interval and reflect the optical signals with a predetermined time delay to have substantially the same intensity. A phase shifter is provided between the first and second reflectors and configured to allow the optical signals reflected from the first and second reflectors to have a phase difference.

Abstract: The present invention related to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. More particularly, this method describes how to manufacture a semiconductor device having a porous, low dielectric constant layer formed between metal lines, comprising an insulation layer enveloping fillers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for allocating resources in a communication system. The method includes calculating a size of a transmission area for transmitting the generated data when data to be transmitted to mobile stations is generated; and controlling data to be transmitted through the transmission area and then allocating the controlled data to the transmission area according to priorities of data bursts based on sizes of the data bursts.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming an insulation layer having a contact hole on a semiconductor substrate. A metal silicide layer is deposited on a surface of the contact hole and the insulation layer to have a concentration gradient that changes from a silicon-rich composition to a metal-rich composition, with the lower portion of the metal silicide layer having the silicon-rich composition and the upper portion of the metal silicide layer having the metal-rich composition. The metal silicide layer is then annealed so that the compositions of metal and silicon in the metal silicide layer become uniform.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical image modulator, an optical apparatus including the same, and methods of manufacturing and operating the optical image modulator. The optical image modulator includes a light amount increasing unit increasing the amount of forward light emission of an electric-optical unit. The light amount increasing unit includes a first reflector reflecting light, which travels from the inside of the electric-optical unit toward the optical-electric unit, to the electric-optical unit. The light amount increasing unit may further include a second light reflector reflecting light, which passes through the optical-electric unit without optical-electric conversion, to the optical-electric unit.

Abstract: A channel coding device is disclosed. In the device, a bit inserter inserts known bits in an input data bit stream at predetermined positions. A channel coder codes the bit-inserted data bit stream to generate coded symbols. A rate matcher matches a rate of the coded symbols to a given channel symbol rate. A channel interleaver interleaves the rate matched channel symbols. The rate matcher includes a puncturer for puncturing the inserted known bits included in the coded symbols when the coded symbol rate is higher than the given channel symbol rate. The rate matcher includes a repeater for repeating the coded symbols to match the coded symbol rate to the given channel symbol rate when the coded symbol rate is lower than the given channel symbol rate.