Abstract: An operating method of a memory device including a plurality of strings on a substrate, wherein the plurality of strings include a main string connected to a bit line and a dummy string spaced apart from the bit line, the operating method including: pre-programming the dummy string; and erasing the main string and the dummy string, wherein the pre-programming includes: applying a pre-program voltage to a word line connected to the dummy string; applying a pass voltage to a ground selection line connected to a ground selection transistor of the dummy string; and applying a common source line voltage to a common source line connected to the dummy string.

Abstract: An operating method of a memory device including a plurality of strings on a substrate, wherein the plurality of strings include a main string connected to a bit line and a dummy string spaced apart from the bit line, the operating method including: pre-programming the dummy string; and erasing the main string and the dummy string, wherein the pre-programming includes: applying a pre-program voltage to a word line connected to the dummy string; applying a pass voltage to a ground selection line connected to a ground selection transistor of the dummy string; and applying a common source line voltage to a common source line connected to the dummy string.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for transmitting the result of examination of a specimen (hereinafter referred to as an examination result) from a medical device to a destination through a mobile device. The method of transmitting the examination result from the medical device to the destination through the mobile device includes: examining the specimen by using the medical device; receiving the examination result from the medical device, wherein the receiving is performed by the mobile device; receiving destination information indicating the destination to which the examination result will be transmitted, wherein the receiving is performed by the mobile device; and transmitting the examination result to the destination corresponding to the destination information, wherein the transmitting is performed by the mobile device.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for transmitting an examination result of a specimen from a medical device to a destination. The method of transmitting the examination result from the medical device to the destination includes: examining the specimen by using the medical device; receiving destination information indicating the destination to which the examination result will be transmitted, wherein the receiving is performed by the medical device; and transmitting the examination result to the destination corresponding to the destination information, wherein the transmitting is performed by the medical device.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for implementing alarms for a medical device through a mobile device. The method includes: storing details of examination of a specimen (hereinafter, referred to as examination details) in the medical device, wherein the storing is performed by the medical device; accessing the medical device and establishing a connection with the medical device, wherein the accessing and the establishing of the connection is performed by the mobile device; reading the examination details stored in the medical device, wherein the reading is performed by the mobile device; analyzing the read examination details, wherein the analyzing is performed by the mobile device; and implementing an alarm if the result of analysis satisfies a predetermined criterion, wherein the implementing is performed by the mobile device.

Abstract: In a method of programming a non-volatile memory device, a first voltage is applied to a selected memory cell for programming, and a second voltage is applied to a non-selected memory cell. Before the second voltage rises to a predetermined voltage level, which is less than a program voltage level, the first voltage is greater than the second voltage or the second voltage is maintained at greater than a ground voltage level. Related non-volatile memory devices and memory systems are also discussed.

Abstract: A mobile device which may be managed by a subject of a medical examination, the mobile device including: a communicator configured to receive first medical information that is obtained by performing an examination of a first user, from at least one of a first medical device and a first server; a memory configured to store the first medical information; and a controller configured to control the communicator to generate corrected first medical information by performing an inter-compatibility process on the first medical information, wherein the inter-compatibility process causes the corrected first medical information to be usable in a second medical device or a second server which is different from the first medical device or the first server, and transmit the corrected first medical information to at least one of the second medical device or the second server.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for implementing alarms for a medical device through a mobile device. The method includes: storing details of examination of a specimen (hereinafter, referred to as examination details) in the medical device, wherein the storing is performed by the medical device; accessing the medical device and establishing a connection with the medical device, wherein the accessing and the establishing of the connection is performed by the mobile device; reading the examination details stored in the medical device, wherein the reading is performed by the mobile device; analyzing the read examination details, wherein the analyzing is performed by the mobile device; and implementing an alarm if the result of analysis satisfies a predetermined criterion, wherein the implementing is performed by the mobile device.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for implementing alarms for a medical device through a mobile device. The method includes: storing details of examination of a specimen (hereinafter, referred to as examination details) in the medical device, wherein the storing is performed by the medical device; accessing the medical device and establishing a connection with the medical device, wherein the accessing and the establishing of the connection is performed by the mobile device; reading the examination details stored in the medical device, wherein the reading is performed by the mobile device; analyzing the read examination details, wherein the analyzing is performed by the mobile device; and implementing an alarm if the result of analysis satisfies a predetermined criterion, wherein the implementing is performed by the mobile device.

Abstract: In a method of programming a non-volatile memory device, a first voltage is applied to a selected memory cell for programming, and a second voltage is applied to a non-selected memory cell. Before the second voltage rises to a predetermined voltage level, which is less than a program voltage level, the first voltage is greater than the second voltage or the second voltage is maintained at greater than a ground voltage level. Related non-volatile memory devices and memory systems are also discussed.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for transmitting an examination result of a specimen from a medical device to a destination. The method of transmitting the examination result from the medical device to the destination includes: examining the specimen by using the medical device; receiving destination information indicating the destination to which the examination result will be transmitted, wherein the receiving is performed by the medical device; and transmitting the examination result to the destination corresponding to the destination information, wherein the transmitting is performed by the medical device.

Abstract: A dimming controlling apparatus including: a lighting driving unit for driving a lighting appliance; a power supply unit for supplying power required to drive the lighting appliance; a storage unit for storing a plurality of dimming profiles including time zones for driving the lighting appliance and dimming levels in accordance to the time zones; and a controller for controlling the lighting driving unit and the power supply unit by using the dimming profiles. An operating time of the lighting appliance is divided into a plurality of time zones, and dimming profiles are generated to include an intensity of illumination for driving the lighting appliance in each of the plurality of time zones and each of the time zones.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for controlling light by using an image code. The method includes displaying an image code on a display unit; acquiring information relating to light settings by recognizing the image code; determining apparatus information and lighting state information by using information relating to the light settings; and transmitting a light request message for requesting light settings according to the lighting state information to the lighting apparatus having apparatus information that is equal to the apparatus information of the image code.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for implementing alarms for a medical device through a mobile device. The method includes: storing details of examination of a specimen (hereinafter, referred to as examination details) in the medical device, wherein the storing is performed by the medical device; accessing the medical device and establishing a connection with the medical device, wherein the accessing and the establishing of the connection is performed by the mobile device; reading the examination details stored in the medical device, wherein the reading is performed by the mobile device; analyzing the read examination details, wherein the analyzing is performed by the mobile device; and implementing an alarm if the result of analysis satisfies a predetermined criterion, wherein the implementing is performed by the mobile device.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for transmitting the result of examination of a specimen (hereinafter referred to as an examination result) from a medical device to a destination through a mobile device. The method of transmitting the examination result from the medical device to the destination through the mobile device includes: examining the specimen by using the medical device; receiving the examination result from the medical device, wherein the receiving is performed by the mobile device; receiving destination information indicating the destination to which the examination result will be transmitted, wherein the receiving is performed by the mobile device; and transmitting the examination result to the destination corresponding to the destination information, wherein the transmitting is performed by the mobile device.

Abstract: An flash memory device includes a block of NAND cell units, each NAND cell unit in the block includes n memory cell transistors MC controlled by a plurality of n wordlines, and is connected in series between a string selection transistor SST connected to a bitline and a ground selection transistor GST. While a programming voltage Vpgm is applied to a selected wordline WL<i>, a cutoff voltage Vss is applied to a nearby unselected wordline closer to the ground selection transistor GST to isolate a first local channel Ch1 from a second local channel Ch2. As the location i of the selected wordline WL<i> increases close to the SST, the second channel potential Vch2 tends to increase excessively, causing errors.

Abstract: A dimming controlling apparatus including: a lighting driving unit for driving a lighting appliance; a power supply unit for supplying power required to drive the lighting appliance; a storage unit for storing a plurality of dimming profiles including time zones for driving the lighting appliance and dimming levels in accordance to the time zones; and a controller for controlling the lighting driving unit and the power supply unit by using the dimming profiles. An operating time of the lighting appliance is divided into a plurality of time zones, and dimming profiles are generated to include an intensity of illumination for driving the lighting appliance in each of the plurality of time zones and each of the time zones.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a string selection gate and a ground selection gate on a semiconductor substrate, and a plurality of memory cell gates on the substrate between the string selection gate and the ground selection gate. First impurity regions extend into the substrate to a first depth between ones of the plurality of memory cell gates. Second impurity regions extend into the substrate to a second depth that is greater than the first depth between the string selection gate and a first one of the plurality of memory cell gates immediately adjacent thereto, and between the ground selection gate and a last one of the plurality of memory cell gates immediately adjacent thereto. Related fabrication methods are also discussed.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for controlling light by using an image code. The method includes displaying an image code on a display unit; acquiring information relating to light settings by recognizing the image code; determining apparatus information and lighting state information by using information relating to the light settings; and transmitting a light request message for requesting light settings according to the lighting state information to the lighting apparatus having apparatus information that is equal to the apparatus information of the image code.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatuses for controlling light. A method of controlling light includes displaying on a display unit at least one light property representing a property of the light of a lighting apparatus; if a user command for selecting a property value of the light property is input, displaying a lighting state corresponding to the selected property value; and if a user command representing that selection is completed is input, determining the displayed lighting state as a lighting state of the lighting apparatus.